{
 "id": "concept/add",
 "class": "concept",
 "slug": "add",
 "label": {
  "ar": "العَضّ",
  "en": "Biting and the liability for injury it causes (add)",
  "ur": "کاٹنا (عض)"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "العض في اللغة الشد على الشيء بالأسنان والإمساك به {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11648}. ومن عض إنساناً بغير حق فحصل منه جرح ضمن العاض أرش الجرح، ويكون الضمان حكومة عدل يقدرها أهل الخبرة {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11648}. وإذا عض رجل يد آخر فجذبها المعضوض من فمه فوقعت ثنايا العاض فلا ضمان عند جمهور الفقهاء، لما ورد من قضاء في واقعة، وقيده الشافعية بأن يتخلص المعضوض بالأسهل فالأسهل، وذهب المالكية في المشهور إلى وجوب الضمان {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11648} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11649}.",
  "en": "In the lexicon, add is gripping a thing with the teeth and holding it. If a person bites another without right and a wound results, the biter must pay the damages for the wound, assessed as a just award by experts {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11648}. If one man bites another's hand and the bitten man pulls it free so that the biter's front teeth fall out, most jurists hold that there is no liability, relying on a prophetic judgement in such a case; the Shafi'is limit this to a bitten man who chose the easiest means of release, and the preferred Maliki view requires compensation {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11648} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11649}."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "ideas"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "global"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/prophetic-era"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [
  "ethics-and-character",
  "development-of-law-theology-institutions"
 ],
 "data": {
  "kind": "legal",
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "الموسوعة الفقهية الكويتية، نسخة نور بوك، مدخل «عَضّ»، ص 11648-11649 من المسح",
   "generated_by": "Claude Haiku 5.5",
   "model": "claude-haiku-5-5",
   "run": "mawsua-w07-batch16"
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 1,
   "generated_by": "Claude Haiku 5.5; headword عَضّ complete on scan pp.11648-11649 (lexical sense, liability for a bite, the case of pulling free). The next headword عَضْل begins on scan p.11650. Footnote citations omitted; the prophetic judgement is referred to, not quoted"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "العض في اللغة الشد على الشيء بالأسنان والإمساك به {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11648}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "الضمان عند العض بغير حق",
     "markdown": "من عض إنساناً بغير حق فحصل جرح ضمن العاض أرش الجرح، ويكون الضمان حكومة عدل يقدرها أهل الخبرة {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11648}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "إذا سلّ المعضوض يده فسقطت أسنان العاض",
     "markdown": "ذهب جمهور الفقهاء إلى أنه لا ضمان في ذلك، استناداً إلى حكم في واقعة، وقيده الشافعية بأن يتخلص المعضوض بالأسهل فالأسهل. والمشهور عند المالكية وجوب الضمان {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11648} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11649}."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/add",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-23"
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Summary",
     "markdown": "In the lexicon, add is gripping a thing with the teeth and holding it {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11648}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "Liability for a bite without right",
     "markdown": "A person who bites another without right and causes a wound must pay the damages for the wound, assessed as a just award by experts {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11648}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "When the bitten man pulls free and the biter's teeth fall out",
     "markdown": "Most jurists hold that there is no liability in that case, relying on a prophetic judgement in such a case. The Shafi'is limit this to a bitten man who used the easiest means of release; the preferred Maliki view requires compensation {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11648} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11649}."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/add",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation"
    ]
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-23"
  },
  "ur": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "خلاصہ",
     "markdown": "لغت میں عض کسی چیز کو دانتوں سے پکڑنے اور تھامنے کو کہتے ہیں {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11648}۔"
    },
    {
     "heading": "ناحق کاٹنے کا ضمان",
     "markdown": "جو شخص کسی کو ناحق کاٹے اور زخم آ جائے تو کاٹنے والا زخم کا ارش ادا کرے گا، جس کا اندازہ ماہرین کریں گے {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11648}۔"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/add",
    "lang": "ur",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation"
    ]
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-23"
  }
 },
 "degree": 0,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "updated": "2026-10-23",
 "connections": [],
 "related": [
  "concept/afw",
  "concept/ahd",
  "concept/amal",
  "concept/amal-ahl-madina",
  "concept/uhda",
  "concept/ada-al-dayn",
  "concept/ada-al-shahada",
  "concept/adab-hamil-al-quran"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}