{
 "id": "concept/ajnabi",
 "class": "concept",
 "slug": "ajnabi",
 "label": {
  "ar": "أجنبي",
  "en": "Stranger, outsider (ajnabi)"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "الأجنبي في اللغة الغريب، ويطلق على من هو غريب حساً أو معنى، ولم يعرّفه الفقهاء تعريفاً جامعاً، وإنما يفسر في كل موضع بحسبه. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.1701} ومن معانيه البعيد في القرابة الذي لا تصله رابطة النسب، وغريب الأمر من عقد أو غيره. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.1701} وينقلب ذو العلاقة إلى أجنبي بارتفاع السبب، أو قيام مانع، أو بحكم القضاء. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.1702} وإذا اجتمع ذو العلاقة والأجنبي فذو العلاقة أولى. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.1702}",
  "en": "Ajnabi in the lexicon is a stranger, someone foreign in fact or in meaning. Jurists give no single definition; the word is read in each place by its context. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.1701} Its senses include a relative with no kinship tie, and one outside a contract or other matter. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.1701} A person with a relation to a matter becomes a stranger when the cause ends, when an obstacle arises, or by a judgement; for example, the divorced wife, the apostate spouse, and a ward held to be incompetent. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.1702} When a person with a relation and a stranger are both present, the person with the relation has priority. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.1702} A person who acts for another without authority is called a fudul, and jurists differ on whether his act is valid. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.1703}"
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "ideas"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "global"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/prophetic-era"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [
  "development-of-law-theology-institutions"
 ],
 "data": {
  "kind": "legal",
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "الموسوعة الفقهية الكويتية، نسخة نور بوك، الجزء الثاني، ص 1697 وما بعدها من المسح",
   "generated_by": "Claude Haiku 5.5",
   "model": "claude-haiku-5-5",
   "run": "mawsua-w01-batch-23"
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 0,
   "generated_by": "Claude Haiku 5.5; drafted from scan pages stated in the sections; the stranger-woman rules (p.1704) added in batch 24; summary-level; footnotes omitted; printed folios not verified; page images absent, text only"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "الأجنبي في اللغة الغريب، ويطلق على من هو غريب حساً أو معنى، ولم يعرّفه الفقهاء تعريفاً جامعاً، وإنما يفسر في كل موضع بحسبه. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.1701} ومن معانيه البعيد في القرابة الذي لا تصله رابطة النسب، وغريب الأمر من عقد أو غيره. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.1701} وينقلب ذو العلاقة إلى أجنبي بارتفاع السبب، أو قيام مانع، أو بحكم القضاء. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.1702} وإذا اجتمع ذو العلاقة والأجنبي فذو العلاقة أولى. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.1702}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "The relation ends",
     "markdown": "A person with a relation to a matter becomes a stranger when the cause ends, such as divorce or the rescission of a sale, when an obstacle arises, such as apostasy of one spouse, or by judgement, such as restraint of a spendthrift. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.1702}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "أحكام الأجنبية في النظر والخلوة",
     "markdown": "يحرم على الأجنبي النظر إلى زينة المرأة وبدنها عند بعض الفقهاء، أو ما عدا الوجه والكفين والقدمين عند آخرين، ولا يلمسها، ولا يخلو بها لحديث النهي عن الدخول على النساء ولا يخلون رجل بامرأة إلا مع ذي محرم، ويحرم استماع صوتها على القول المرجوح عند الحنفية. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.1704} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.1705}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/ajnabi",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-23"
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Summary",
     "markdown": "Ajnabi in the lexicon is a stranger, someone foreign in fact or in meaning. Jurists give no single definition; the word is read in each place by its context. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.1701} Its senses include a relative with no kinship tie, and one outside a contract or other matter. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.1701} A person with a relation to a matter becomes a stranger when the cause ends, when an obstacle arises, or by a judgement; for example, the divorced wife, the apostate spouse, and a ward held to be incompetent. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.1702} When a person with a relation and a stranger are both present, the person with the relation has priority. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.1702} A person who acts for another without authority is called a fudul, and jurists differ on whether his act is valid. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.1703}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "The relation ends",
     "markdown": "A person with a relation to a matter becomes a stranger when the cause ends, such as divorce or the rescission of a sale, when an obstacle arises, such as apostasy of one spouse, or by judgement, such as restraint of a spendthrift. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.1702}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Rules on a stranger woman: gaze, touch, seclusion and voice",
     "markdown": "The stranger may not look at a woman's adornment and body, according to some jurists, or at more than her face, hands and feet, according to others. He may not touch her or be alone with her, on the hadith forbidding entry to women and forbidding a man to be alone with a woman without a mahram. In one weaker Hanafi view it is forbidden to hear her voice. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.1704} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.1705}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/ajnabi",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation"
    ]
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-23"
  },
  "ur": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "خلاصہ",
     "markdown": "اجنبی لغت میں غریب کو کہتے ہیں، اور فقہاء نے اس کی کوئی جامع تعریف نہیں کی، بلکہ ہر مقام پر اس کا مفہوم سیاق سے معلوم ہوتا ہے۔ {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.1701}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "The relation ends",
     "markdown": "A person with a relation to a matter becomes a stranger when the cause ends, such as divorce or the rescission of a sale, when an obstacle arises, such as apostasy of one spouse, or by judgement, such as restraint of a spendthrift. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.1702}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "اجنبی عورت کے احکام",
     "markdown": "اجنبی کے لیے عورت کی زینت اور بدن کو دیکھنا بعض فقہاء کے نزدیک حرام ہے، اور چہرہ، ہتھیلیاں اور قدم کے سوا دیکھنا دوسروں کے نزدیک۔ اسے چھونا اور اس کے ساتھ تنہائی حرام ہے۔ {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.1704}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/ajnabi",
    "lang": "ur",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation"
    ]
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-23"
  }
 },
 "degree": 0,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "updated": "2026-10-23",
 "connections": [],
 "related": [
  "concept/add",
  "concept/adl",
  "concept/adwa",
  "concept/afw",
  "concept/ahd",
  "concept/ajal",
  "concept/ajir",
  "concept/ajr"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}