{
 "id": "concept/alaniya",
 "class": "concept",
 "slug": "alaniya",
 "label": {
  "ar": "العَلانِيَة",
  "en": "Openness as against secrecy in acts of worship, charity and public notice (alaniya)",
  "ur": "علانیہ (کھلے عام ہونا)"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "العلانية في اللغة من الإعلان وإظهار الشيء، وهي ضد السر {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11788}. والجهر أخص من العلانية، والسر الحديث المكتوم في النفس {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11788} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11789}. وتنقسم الطاعات باعتبار الإعلان والإسرار، فمنها ما شرعت فيه العلانية كالأذان والخطبة والجهاد والأمر بالمعروف، ومنها ما يكون إسراره خيراً كإسرار القراءة في الصلاة السرية، ومنها ما يخفى تارة ويظهر أخرى كالصدقة، فالفريضة يستحب إعلانها إن أمن الرياء ليقتدى به، والنافلة إخفاؤها أفضل عند خوف الرياء {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11788} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11789} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11790}. ويجب إعلان جرح الرواة والشهود وأمناء الصدقات والأوقاف إذا قدح ذلك في أهليتهم، وليس من الغيبة المحرمة عند العلماء {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11789}. ويندب للحاكم أن يعلن حجر المحجور عليه للفلس ويشهد عليه، وفي قول عند الشافعية أن ذلك واجب {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11790}.",
  "en": "In the lexicon, alaniya comes from proclaiming and showing a thing, and is the opposite of secrecy {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11788}. Public voice (jahr) is narrower than openness, and secrecy is what is hidden in the heart {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11788} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11789}. Acts of worship divide by openness: some are prescribed to be public, such as the call to prayer, the sermon, jihad and enjoining good; some are better kept private, such as reciting silently in the silent prayer; and some may be either, such as charity. An obligatory alms-giving is better shown when there is no fear of showing off, so that others may follow it, while a voluntary gift is better hidden where display is feared {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11788} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11789} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11790}. The faults of narrators, witnesses and those entrusted with charities and endowments must be made public when they affect their fitness, and the scholars hold this is not forbidden backbiting {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11789}. The judge is recommended to proclaim the restraint of a bankrupt and to call witnesses to it, and one Shafi'i view makes it obligatory {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11790}."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "ideas"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "global"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/prophetic-era"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [
  "ethics-and-character",
  "worship-and-the-pillars"
 ],
 "data": {
  "kind": "ethical",
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "الموسوعة الفقهية الكويتية، نسخة نور بوك، مدخل «عَلانِيَة»، ص 11788-11790 من المسح",
   "generated_by": "Claude Haiku 5.5",
   "model": "claude-haiku-5-5",
   "run": "mawsua-w07-batch32"
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 1,
   "generated_by": "Claude Haiku 5.5; headword عَلانِيَة complete on scan pp.11788-11790 (lexical sense, jahr and sirr, the three kinds of worship, charity, the faults of narrators, the restraint of a bankrupt). The next headword عَلَقة begins on scan p.11790 and is not drafted here. Footnote citations omitted; the prophetic reports are referred to, not quoted"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "العلانية في اللغة من الإعلان وإظهار الشيء، وهي ضد السر {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11788}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "الطاعات بين العلانية والإسرار",
     "markdown": "تنقسم الطاعات إلى ما شُرعت فيه العلانية كالأذان والخطبة والجهاد والأمر بالمعروف، وإلى ما يكون إسراره خيراً كإسرار القراءة في الصلاة السرية، وإلى ما يخفى تارة ويظهر أخرى كالصدقة {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11788} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11789}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "الصدقة",
     "markdown": "الفريضة يُستحب إعلانها إن أُمن الرياء ليقتدى به الناس، والنافلة إخفاؤها أفضل عند خوف الرياء {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11789} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11790}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "جرح الرواة والأمناء",
     "markdown": "يجب إعلان جرح الرواة والشهود وأمناء الصدقات والأوقاف إذا قدح ذلك في أهليتهم، وليس ذلك من الغيبة المحرمة عند العلماء {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11789}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "حجر المفلس",
     "markdown": "يندب للحاكم أن يعلن حجر المحجور عليه للفلس، وفي قول عند الشافعية أنه واجب {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11790}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "مواطن البحث",
     "markdown": "تُنظر أحكام الحجر في «حجر» {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11790}."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/alaniya",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-23"
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Summary",
     "markdown": "In the lexicon, alaniya comes from proclaiming and showing a thing; it is the opposite of secrecy {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11788}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "Public and private worship",
     "markdown": "Some acts of worship are prescribed to be public, such as the call to prayer, the sermon, jihad and enjoining good; some are better kept private, such as silent recitation in the silent prayer; and some may be either, such as charity {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11788} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11789}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "Charity",
     "markdown": "An obligatory gift is better shown when there is no fear of display, so that others may follow; a voluntary gift is better hidden where display is feared {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11789} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11790}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "The faults of narrators and trustees",
     "markdown": "The faults of narrators, witnesses and those entrusted with charities and endowments must be made public when they affect their fitness; the scholars hold this is not forbidden backbiting {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11789}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "Restraint of a bankrupt",
     "markdown": "The judge is recommended to proclaim the restraint of a bankrupt; one Shafi'i view makes it obligatory {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11790}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "Where to look further",
     "markdown": "The rules of restraint are treated under «hajr» {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11790}."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/alaniya",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation"
    ]
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-23"
  },
  "ur": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "خلاصہ",
     "markdown": "لغت میں علانیہ کسی چیز کے اعلان اور ظاہر کرنے سے ہے، اور یہ چھپانے (سر) کی ضد ہے {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11788}۔"
    },
    {
     "heading": "عبادات اور صدقہ",
     "markdown": "بعض عبادات میں علانیہ مشروع ہے، جیسے اذان، خطبہ اور جہاد، جبکہ بعض میں چھپانا بہتر ہے، اور صدقہ میں فرض کا اعلان ریاکاری کے خوف کے بغیر مستحب ہے، اور نفل کا چھپانا بہتر ہے {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11788} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11790}۔"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/alaniya",
    "lang": "ur",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation"
    ]
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-23"
  }
 },
 "degree": 0,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "updated": "2026-10-23",
 "connections": [],
 "related": [
  "concept/amd",
  "concept/aqr",
  "concept/asal",
  "concept/azm",
  "concept/desire-shahwa",
  "concept/doubt-shakk",
  "concept/halq-shaving",
  "concept/hay-a-fiqh"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}