{
 "id": "concept/alsagh",
 "class": "concept",
 "slug": "alsagh",
 "label": {
  "ar": "الألثغ",
  "en": "Alsagh (one with a speech defect, and its rulings)"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "الألثغ من به لثغة، وهي حبسة في اللسان تبدل بها الراء لاما أو غينا والسين ثاء، ويلحق بالأرت والثأثاء والفأفاء. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3315} واللثغة صفة نقص في إمام الصلاة، فيلحق الجمهور الألثغ بالأمي في الإمامة، والمالكية والقاضي من الحنابلة يصححون إمامته مع الكراهة. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3315} وفي الجناية على الألثغ أو منها، يراعى قسط اللثغة في الدية. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3316}",
  "en": "Alsagh is one who has a speech defect in which a letter is changed, such as r to l or g, or s to th; it is related to the stutter and similar defects. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3315} The defect is a fault in a prayer leader; most jurists count the speaker of such a defect with the illiterate in leading prayer, while some Malikis and the Hanbali judge al-Qadi allow him to lead with dislike. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3315} When a defect is caused by injury, the diya is reckoned in proportion. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3316}"
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "ideas"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "global"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/prophetic-era"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [
  "disability"
 ],
 "data": {
  "kind": "legal",
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya al-Kuwaitiyya (Noor copy), headword «ألثغ», pp.3315-3316 of the scan (ends where «إلحاد» begins on p.3316). Cross-reference «إلجاء» (see إكراه) skipped. Footnote citations omitted.",
   "generated_by": "Claude Haiku 5.5",
   "model": "claude-haiku-5-5",
   "run": "mawsua-w02-9"
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 1
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "التعريف",
     "markdown": "الألثغ لغة من به لثغة، واللثغة حبسة في اللسان حتى تصير الراء لاما أو غينا، أو السين ثاء ونحو ذلك. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3315} والألفاظ ذات الصلة: الأرت، وهو من يدغم الحرف في الحرف، والثأثاء من يكرر التاء، والفأفاء من يكرر الفاء. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3315}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "الحكم الإجمالي",
     "markdown": "- اللثغة صفة نقص في إمام الصلاة. فذهب الجمهور إلى إلحاق الألثغ بالأمي في الإمامة، فيمنع اقتداء السليم به، ويجوز له أن يؤم مثله. وذهب المالكية في قول، والقاضي من الحنابلة، إلى صحة إمامته مع الكراهة. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3315}\n- اشترط الشافعية لصحة إمامة الألثغ بمثله أن تكون اللثغة في كلمة واحدة. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3315}\n- ومن الفقهاء من منع الاقتداء بالألثغ الذي يبدل حرفا بحرف، وقال ابن تيمية بالوجهين في إبدال الضاد. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3315}\n- في الجناية على الألثغ يراعى قسط اللثغة في الدية، وعند بعض الفقهاء تجب الدية كاملة إذا منعت الجناية النطق. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3316}\n- اللثغة في الطلاق، كأن يقول الزوج لزوجته \"أنت تالق\" بدل \"طالق\". {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3316}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "انظر",
     "markdown": "(إلجاء) انظر: (إكراه). {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3316}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/alsagh",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-23"
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Definition",
     "markdown": "Alsagh is one who has a speech defect, a stammer that turns a letter into another, such as r into l or g, or s into th. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3315} Related terms are al-art, one who merges one letter into another, al-thaththa'a, one who repeats the taa, and al-fafa'a, one who repeats the fa. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3315}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Rulings",
     "markdown": "- The defect is a fault in a prayer leader. The majority count the speaker with the illiterate in leading prayer, so a fluent person may not follow him, but he may lead others with the same defect. Some Malikis and the Hanbali judge al-Qadi hold his leading valid with dislike. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3315}\n- The Shafi'is require, for a speech-defective person to lead another with the same defect, that the defect fall on one word only. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3315}\n- Some jurists forbid following one who swaps one letter for another. Ibn Taymiyya gives two views on swapping the dad. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3315}\n- In a compensation for injury that causes the defect, the diya is reckoned in proportion to the defect; if the injury prevents speech altogether, some jurists hold the full diya due. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3316}\n- The defect may affect divorce, as when a man says \"tali\" for \"talaq\" by mistake. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3316}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "See also",
     "markdown": "The entry on compulsion (إكراه) is cross-referenced for the term إلجاء. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3316}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/alsagh",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation"
    ]
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-23"
  },
  "ur": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "تعریف",
     "markdown": "الثغ وہ شخص ہے جس کی زبان میں لکنت ہو، جس سے حرف بدل جائے، جیسے راء کی جگہ لام یا غین۔ {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3315}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "حکم",
     "markdown": "لکنت امامت میں نقص ہے؛ جمہور اسے امی کے ساتھ ملحق کرتے ہیں، اور وہ اپنے جیسے کی امامت کر سکتا ہے۔ {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3315} جنایت میں لکنت کے حصے کے مطابق دیت کا حساب ہوتا ہے۔ {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3316}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/alsagh",
    "lang": "ur",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation"
    ]
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-23"
  }
 },
 "degree": 0,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "updated": "2026-10-23",
 "connections": [],
 "related": [
  "concept/abkam",
  "concept/ama",
  "concept/aqta",
  "concept/awar-one-eyed",
  "person/ibn-hajji-al-hisbani",
  "screen/ismi-khan-2010",
  "screen/lawn-al-janna-1999"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}