{
 "id": "concept/amd",
 "class": "concept",
 "slug": "amd",
 "label": {
  "ar": "العَمْد",
  "en": "Deliberate act (amd), as against error, and its rulings",
  "ur": "عمد (ارادی فعل)"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "العمد في اللغة قصد الشيء، وهو المقصود بالنية، ويقابله الخطأ، وهو الفعل الصادر بلا قصد {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11814}. وتترتب على العمد أحكام، فمن ترك ركناً من الصلاة عمداً أو تكلم فيها أو أكل بطلت صلاته، ومن أكل أو شرب أو جامع عمداً في الصوم أفطر بالإجماع {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11814} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11815}. والقتل العمد محرم بالإجماع، واختلف في قبول توبة القاتل، فقبلها جمهور الفقهاء، ومنع ذلك جماعة من السلف {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11815}. ومن تعمد قول كفر فقد ارتد، وإذا تعمد الطلاق وقع، ولا يقع الطلاق بلفظ زال معه العقل أو سبق اللسان إليه {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11815} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11816}. وتعمد الكذب على النبي من الكبائر، واليمين الغموس من الكبائر، وتعمد الحنث في اليمين ينقسم إلى الأحكام الخمسة بحسب المحلوف عليه {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11816} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11817}.",
  "en": "In the lexicon, amd is the purpose and intention of a thing, and its opposite is error (khata'), an act done without purpose {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11814}. Deliberate acts carry rulings: a deliberate omission of a pillar of prayer, or speech, or eating in it, voids the prayer; a deliberate eating, drinking or intercourse breaks the fast by agreement {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11814} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11815}. Deliberate homicide is forbidden by agreement; the majority accept the repentance of the killer, while some early scholars deny it {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11815}. A deliberate utterance of unbelief counts as apostasy; a divorce pronounced deliberately takes effect, while a slip of the tongue or a word said by one who has lost his reason does not {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11815} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11816}. Lying about the Prophet deliberately is among the gravest sins, and the false oath (yamin ghamus) is a major sin; breaking an oath deliberately may be obligatory, recommended, permitted, disliked or forbidden according to the matter sworn about {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11816} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11817}."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "ideas"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "global"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/prophetic-era"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [
  "ethics-and-character",
  "worship-and-the-pillars"
 ],
 "data": {
  "kind": "legal",
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "الموسوعة الفقهية الكويتية، نسخة نور بوك، مدخل «عَمْد»، ص 11814-11817 من المسح",
   "generated_by": "Claude Haiku 5.5",
   "model": "claude-haiku-5-5",
   "run": "mawsua-w07-batch39"
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 1,
   "generated_by": "Claude Haiku 5.5; headword عَمْد complete on scan pp.11814-11817 (lexical sense, related terms, the effect of deliberate acts in prayer, fasting, homicide, apostasy, divorce, lying about the Prophet, oaths). The next headword عُمْرَى begins on scan p.11818. Footnote citations omitted; the juristic positions are summarised"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "العمد في اللغة قصد الشيء، ويقابله الخطأ، وهو الفعل الصادر بلا قصد {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11814}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "في الصلاة والصوم",
     "markdown": "يبطل ترك ركن الصلاة عمداً أو الكلام فيها أو الأكل، ويفطر الصائم عمداً بالأكل والشرب والجماع بالإجماع {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11814} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11815}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "في الجنايات والردة والطلاق",
     "markdown": "القتل العمد محرم بالإجماع، واختلف في قبول توبة القاتل {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11815}. ومن تعمد قول الكفر فقد ارتد، وإذا تعمد الطلاق وقع {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11815} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11816}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "الكذب على النبي والحنث في اليمين",
     "markdown": "تعمد الكذب على النبي من الكبائر، واليمين الغموس من الكبائر، وتعمد الحنث في اليمين ينقسم إلى الأحكام الخمسة {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11816} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11817}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "مواطن البحث",
     "markdown": "تُنظر أحكام الأيمان في «أيمان»، والردة في «ردة»، والقصاص في «قصاص» {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11817}."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/amd",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-23"
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Summary",
     "markdown": "In the lexicon, amd is the purpose and intention of a thing; its opposite is error (khata'), an act done without purpose {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11814}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "In prayer and fasting",
     "markdown": "A deliberate omission of a pillar of prayer, or speech or eating in it, voids the prayer; a deliberate eating, drinking or intercourse breaks the fast by agreement {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11814} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11815}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "Homicide, apostasy and divorce",
     "markdown": "Deliberate homicide is forbidden by agreement; the acceptance of the killer's repentance is disputed {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11815}. A deliberate utterance of unbelief is apostasy, and a deliberate divorce takes effect {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11815} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11816}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "Lying about the Prophet and oaths",
     "markdown": "Deliberate lying about the Prophet is among the gravest sins; the false oath is a major sin; breaking an oath deliberately falls under the five rulings {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11816} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11817}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "Where to look further",
     "markdown": "Oaths are treated under «aymān», apostasy under «ridda», and retaliation under «qisas» {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11817}."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/amd",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation"
    ]
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-23"
  },
  "ur": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "خلاصہ",
     "markdown": "لغت میں عمد کسی چیز کا قصد اور ارادہ کرنے کو کہتے ہیں، اور اس کی ضد خطا ہے {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11814}۔"
    },
    {
     "heading": "نماز اور روزہ",
     "markdown": "عمداً نماز کے رکن کو چھوڑنے، اس میں کلام کرنے یا کھانے سے نماز باطل ہوتی ہے، اور عمداً کھانا پینا یا جماع بالاتفاق روزہ توڑتا ہے {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11814} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11815}۔"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/amd",
    "lang": "ur",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation"
    ]
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-23"
  }
 },
 "degree": 0,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "updated": "2026-10-23",
 "connections": [],
 "related": [
  "concept/alaniya",
  "concept/aqr",
  "concept/asal",
  "concept/azm",
  "concept/desire-shahwa",
  "concept/doubt-shakk",
  "concept/halq-shaving",
  "concept/hay-a-fiqh"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}