{
 "id": "concept/anfal",
 "class": "concept",
 "slug": "anfal",
 "label": {
  "ar": "الأنفال",
  "en": "Anfal (spoils and the other gains taken from the enemy, and their divisions)"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "النَّفل لغة الغنيمة، وأصله الزيادة. وقد اختلف في تعريفه اصطلاحا على خمسة أقوال: الغنائم، والفيء، والخمس، والتنفيل، والسلب. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3514}{cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3515} وتُطلق الأنفال على أموال الحربيين التي آلت إلى المسلمين بقتال أو بغير قتال، فتدخل فيها الغنيمة والفيء. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3515} والرضخ عطاء من الغنيمة لا يزيد على سهم واحد تقديره إلى ولي الأمر لمن أعان في القتال من النساء والصبيان والذميين والعبيد. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3515} ويختلف حكم الأنفال بحسب مفرداتها، وينظر حكم كل منها في مصطلحه. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3515}",
  "en": "Nafl, in lexical sense, is spoil (ghanima), and its root sense is increase. The term has five definitions in usage: the spoils, the fay', the fifth, the tanfil (an extra grant), and the salab (a horseman's extra share). {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3514}{cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3515} The anfal in general are the properties of the enemy that came to the Muslims by fighting or without it, and so include both spoils and fay'. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3515} Radkh is a grant from the spoils not exceeding one share, fixed by the ruler, to those who helped in the fighting, such as women, children, protected non-Muslims and slaves. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3515} The ruling varies with each part, and each is treated under its own term. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3515}"
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "ideas"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "global"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/prophetic-era"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [
  "wars-and-campaigns"
 ],
 "data": {
  "kind": "legal",
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya al-Kuwaitiyya (Noor copy), headword «أنفال», pp.3514-3515 of the scan (ends where «انفراد» begins on p.3515). Technical term in the law of war; summarised at the level of definitions. The Qur'anic verse that names the question is referred to by sura only (al-Anfal).",
   "generated_by": "Claude Haiku 5.5",
   "model": "claude-haiku-5-5",
   "run": "mawsua-w02-9"
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 1
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "التعريف",
     "markdown": "النَّفل بالتحريك الغنيمة، وأصل معناه الزيادة. وقد سأل المسلمون عن الأنفال، وقد ذكرها القرآن في سورة الأنفال. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3514}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "تعريفاتها الاصطلاحية",
     "markdown": "اختلف في تعريفها على خمسة أقوال: {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3514}\n- الغنائم، وهو قول ابن عباس في رواية، ومجاهد في رواية، والضحاك وقتادة وعكرمة وعطاء في رواية. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3514}\n- الفيء، وهو ما وصل إلى المسلمين من أموال المشركين بغير قتال. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3514}\n- الخمس. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3514}\n- التنفيل، وهو ما أُخذ قبل إحراز الغنيمة بدار الإسلام وقسمتها. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3514}\n- السلب، وهو ما يُدفع إلى الفارس زائدا عن سهمه ترغيبا له في القتال. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3515}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "ما تطلق عليه",
     "markdown": "تطلق الأنفال على أموال الحربيين التي آلت إلى المسلمين بقتال أو بغير قتال، فتدخل فيها الغنيمة والفيء. ويطلق أيضا على ما بذله الكفار لكف القتال، وعلى ما أُخذ بغير تخويف كالجزية والخراج والعشر ومال المرتد. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3515}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "الرضخ",
     "markdown": "الرضخ عطاء من الغنيمة لا يزيد على سهم واحد من الغانمين، يقدّره ولي الأمر أو من ينوب عنه، ويُعطى لمن حضر المعركة وأعان فيها من النساء والصبيان والذميين والعبيد. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3515}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "الحكم الإجمالي",
     "markdown": "يختلف حكم الأنفال بحسب مفرداتها من غنيمة وفيء وسلب ورضخ وتنفيل، وينظر حكم كل منها في مصطلحه. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3515}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/anfal",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-23"
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Definition",
     "markdown": "Nafl, with a vowel on the first letter, is spoil; its root sense is increase. The question about the anfal is named in the Qur'an in sura al-Anfal. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3514}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Definitions in usage",
     "markdown": "Five definitions are given: {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3514}\n- The spoils, the view of Ibn Abbas in one report, Mujahid in one report, and al-Dahhak, Qatada, Ikrima and Ata in one report. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3514}\n- The fay', what reached the Muslims from the property of unbelievers without fighting. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3514}\n- The fifth. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3514}\n- The tanfil, what is taken before the spoils are secured within Muslim territory and divided. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3514}\n- The salab, what is given to a horseman beyond his share to encourage him to fight. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3515}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "What the term covers",
     "markdown": "Anfal are the properties of the enemy that came to the Muslims by fighting or without it, and so include spoils and fay'. The term also covers what unbelievers gave to avoid fighting, and what is taken without intimidation, such as the poll tax, land tax, tithe and the property of an apostate. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3515}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Radkh",
     "markdown": "Radkh is a grant from the spoils not exceeding one share of the fighters, fixed by the ruler or his deputy, given to those who attended the battle and helped, such as women, children, protected non-Muslims and slaves. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3515}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "General ruling",
     "markdown": "The ruling varies with each part of the anfal, such as spoils, fay', salab, radkh and tanfil, and each is treated under its own term. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3515}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/anfal",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation"
    ]
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-23"
  }
 },
 "degree": 0,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "updated": "2026-10-23",
 "connections": [],
 "related": [
  "concept/ahl-al-harb",
  "concept/angels-at-badr",
  "concept/dissuading-from-jihad",
  "concept/ghanima",
  "concept/hudna-fiqh",
  "concept/hujna-fiqh",
  "concept/khums-al-ghanima",
  "concept/sabq-in-islam"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}