{
 "id": "concept/aql",
 "class": "concept",
 "slug": "aql",
 "label": {
  "ar": "العَقْل",
  "en": "Reason as the basis of legal capacity and of the blood-money (aql)",
  "ur": "عقل (عقل اور اہلیت)"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "العقل في اللغة الحجر والنهي، وضد الحمق، ويطلق على الدية، وفي الاصطلاح القوة المتهيئة لقبول العلم {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11771}. وأجمع الفقهاء على أن العقل مناط التكليف، فلا تجب العبادات على المجنون ولا على غيره ممن لا عقل له، لحديث رفع القلم عن ثلاثة {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11771} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11772}. ولا تصح تصرفات من لا عقل له في المال أو العقود أو الفسوخ، ولا تعتبر أقواله فيما تؤخذ عليه أو له، وتسلب منه الولايات، واستثنى الفقهاء بعض التصرفات المعتبرة لفاقد العقل كالإتلاف وإرضاع الصبي {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11772}. وزوال العقل بالجنون أو الإغماء أو السكر ينقض الوضوء عند الفقهاء {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11772}. ولا قصاص في إزالة العقل بالجناية، وتجب الدية في ذهابه بالجناية {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11772} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11773}. ويطلق العقل على الدية كذلك، وتفصيلها في «ديات» {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11773}.",
  "en": "In the lexicon, aql is restraint and reason, the opposite of folly; it is also used for blood-money. As a term it is the power prepared to receive knowledge {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11771}. The jurists agree that reason is the basis of legal obligation: acts of worship are not owed by the insane or anyone without reason, on the prophetic instruction that the pen is lifted from three {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11771} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11772}. Those without reason cannot validly make property transactions, contracts or dissolutions of marriage, and their statements do not bind them or others; they lose their guardianship, though some acts with them are taken into account, such as destruction of property and nursing a child {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11772}. Loss of reason by madness, fainting or intoxication breaks ablution {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11772}. No retaliation is due for a blow that removes reason, but blood-money is due for its loss through injury {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11772} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11773}."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "ideas"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "global"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/prophetic-era"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [
  "ethics-and-character",
  "health-body-death"
 ],
 "data": {
  "kind": "legal",
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "الموسوعة الفقهية الكويتية، نسخة نور بوك، مدخل «عَقْل»، ص 11771-11773 من المسح",
   "generated_by": "Claude Haiku 5.5",
   "model": "claude-haiku-5-5",
   "run": "mawsua-w07-batch28"
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 1,
   "generated_by": "Claude Haiku 5.5; headword عَقْل complete on scan pp.11771-11773 (lexical senses, reason as the basis of obligation, capacity, the effect of lost reason, blood-money). The cross-reference عُقْلة (انظر: سلامى) is skipped. Next headword عُقْم begins on scan p.11773. Footnote citations omitted; the prophetic report is referred to, not quoted"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "العقل في اللغة الحجر والنهي، وضد الحمق، ويطلق على الدية. وفي الاصطلاح القوة المتهيئة لقبول العلم {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11771}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "العقل مناط التكليف",
     "markdown": "أجمع الفقهاء على أن العقل شرط التكليف، فلا تجب العبادات على المجنون ومن لا عقل له، لحديث رفع القلم عن ثلاثة {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11771} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11772}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "آثار فقد العقل",
     "markdown": "لا تصح تصرفات من لا عقل له في المال والعقود والفسوخ، ولا تعتبر أقواله فيما عليه أو له، وتسلب منه الولايات، واستثنى الفقهاء بعض الأحكام المعتبرة في حقه كالإتلاف وإرضاع الصبي {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11772}. وزوال العقل بالجنون أو الإغماء أو السكر ينقض الوضوء {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11772}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "الجناية على العقل",
     "markdown": "لا قصاص في إزالة العقل بالجناية، وتجب الدية في ذهابه بالجناية {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11772} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11773}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "مواطن البحث",
     "markdown": "تفصيل الدية في «ديات»، والتكليف في «تكليف»، والأهلية في «أهلية» {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11772}."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/aql",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-23"
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Summary",
     "markdown": "In the lexicon, aql is restraint and reason, the opposite of folly; it is also used for blood-money. As a term it is the power prepared to receive knowledge {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11771}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "Reason as the basis of obligation",
     "markdown": "The jurists agree that reason is the condition of legal obligation: acts of worship are not owed by the insane or anyone without reason, on the prophetic instruction that the pen is lifted from three {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11771} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11772}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "Effects of lost reason",
     "markdown": "Those without reason cannot validly make transactions in property, contracts or dissolutions, and their statements do not bind them or others; they lose their guardianship, though some acts with them are taken into account, such as destruction of property and nursing a child {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11772}. Loss of reason by madness or fainting breaks ablution {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11772}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "Injury to reason",
     "markdown": "No retaliation is due for a blow that removes reason, but blood-money is due for its loss through injury {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11772} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11773}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "Where to look further",
     "markdown": "Blood-money is treated under «diyat», obligation under «taklif», and capacity under «ahliyya» {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11772}."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/aql",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation"
    ]
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-23"
  },
  "ur": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "خلاصہ",
     "markdown": "لغت میں عقل روکنے اور سمجھ کو کہتے ہیں، یہ حماقت کی ضد ہے، اور دیت کے لیے بھی بولا جاتا ہے۔ اصطلاح میں یہ علم قبول کرنے کی تیار قوت ہے {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11771}۔"
    },
    {
     "heading": "تکلیف کی بنیاد",
     "markdown": "فقہاء کا اتفاق ہے کہ عقل تکلیف کی شرط ہے، اس لیے مجنون اور بے عقل شخص پر عبادات واجب نہیں {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11771} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11772}۔"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/aql",
    "lang": "ur",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation"
    ]
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-23"
  }
 },
 "degree": 0,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "updated": "2026-10-23",
 "connections": [],
 "related": [
  "concept/al-huzn",
  "concept/hadhayan-fiqh",
  "concept/iyada",
  "concept/moustache-rules",
  "concept/narcotics",
  "concept/niyaha-fiqh",
  "concept/ritha-fiqh",
  "concept/sinn"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}