{
 "id": "concept/azl",
 "class": "concept",
 "slug": "azl",
 "label": {
  "ar": "العَزْل",
  "en": "Dismissal from office and withdrawal (azl)",
  "ur": "عزل"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "العزل في اللغة التنحية، يقال عزله عن الأمر أي نحّاه عنه {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11579}. ومن أحكامه أن الإمام الأعظم تنعقد إمامته ببيعة أهل الحل والعقد، وتدوم بدوام شروطها، وقد اختلف في عزل الإمام نفسه، فأجازه جمهور الفقهاء، ومنعه قول آخر {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11579}. وليس للوزير أن يعزل نفسه، وللإمام أن يعزل من قلّده الوزارة {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11579}. وفي القاضي، يصح عزله نفسه، وينعزل بالموت أو العزل عن الإمامة عند الجمهور، ويختلف الفقهاء في عزله من قبل الإمام على ثلاثة آراء {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11580} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11581}. وينعزل القاضي بأسباب كالجنون والإغماء والعمى والصمم والبكم والردة والفسق عند بعض المذاهب، ولا ينفذ العزل قبل بلوغ خبره إليه عند الجمهور {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11582} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11583} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11585} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11586}. ويلحق بذلك عزل خليفة القاضي والوكيل والوصي والمضارب والكفيل وناظر الوقف، بتفصيل في كل منها {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11586} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11587} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11588}. والعزل بمعنى آخر، وهو العزل عن الزوجة أو الأمة، أباحه جمهور الفقهاء، واختلفوا في اشتراط إذن الحرة وفي أحوال الكراهة، وذكروا أعذاراً تبيحه {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11588} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11589}.",
  "en": "In the lexicon, azl means removal or setting aside, as in removing someone from a post {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11579}. The supreme imamate is established by the allegiance of those who bind and loose and lasts while its conditions last. Most jurists allow the imam to resign, while one view forbids it {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11579}. A minister may not dismiss himself, but the imam may dismiss the minister he appointed {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11579}. A judge may resign; the death of the imam who appointed him does not end his office according to the jurists; and the jurists differ on whether the imam may dismiss him, in three views {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11580} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11581}. A judge loses office on losing a condition such as sanity, speech, hearing or sight, and some schools also count apostasy and wrongdoing; the dismissal does not take effect until word of it reaches him, according to the majority {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11582} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11583} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11585} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11586}. Dismissal of an agent, guardian, partner in a profit-sharing contract, surety and administrator of an endowment is treated in turn {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11586} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11587} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11588}. The entry also treats, under the same heading, withdrawal from a wife or slave-woman: the majority permit it, the wife's consent is disputed, and the jurists list excuses that make it lawful {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11588} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11589}."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "ideas"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "global"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/prophetic-era"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [
  "development-of-law-theology-institutions",
  "family-marriage-kinship"
 ],
 "data": {
  "kind": "legal",
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "الموسوعة الفقهية الكويتية، نسخة نور بوك، مدخل «عَزْل»، ص 11579-11589 من المسح",
   "generated_by": "Claude Haiku 5.5",
   "model": "claude-haiku-5-5",
   "run": "mawsua-w07-batch9"
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 1,
   "generated_by": "Claude Haiku 5.5; headword عَزْل complete on scan pp.11579-11589 (dismissal of the imam, minister, judge and their deputies, agent, guardian, mudarib, surety, waqf administrator; withdrawal from a wife or slave-woman). Next headword عُزْلة begins on scan p.11590. Footnote citations omitted; the internal sub-entry on sick people being separated (p.11588) is referred to عدوى ومرض and not drafted"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "العزل في اللغة التنحية، يقال عزله عن الأمر أي نحّاه عنه {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11579}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "عزل الإمام والوزير",
     "markdown": "تنعقد الإمامة العظمى ببيعة أهل الحل والعقد، وتدوم بدوام شروطها {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11579}. وقد اختلف في عزل الإمام نفسه، فأجازه جمهور الفقهاء، ومنعه قول آخر {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11579}. وليس للوزير أن يعزل نفسه، وللإمام أن يعزل من قلّده الوزارة {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11579}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "عزل القاضي",
     "markdown": "يصح أن يعزل القاضي نفسه {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11580}. ولا ينعزل بموت الإمام الذي ولاه عند الفقهاء {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11580}. واختلفوا في عزله من قبل الإمام على ثلاثة آراء، فمنهم من يجيز عزله مطلقاً، ومنهم من يقيده بأسباب، ومنهم من يمنعه {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11581}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "أسباب انعزال القاضي",
     "markdown": "ينعزل القاضي بفقد شرط من شروط الصلاحية، كالجنون والإغماء والعمى والصمم والبكم والردة والفسق، ويختلف المذاهب في تفصيل ذلك {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11582} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11583} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11584}. ولا ينفذ العزل قبل علم القاضي به عند جمهور الفقهاء {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11585} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11586}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "عزل الوكيل والوصي والمضارب والكفيل وناظر الوقف",
     "markdown": "تُذكر أحكام عزل هؤلاء في مواضعها، وفيها تفصيل يتعلق بكل عقد {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11586} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11587} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11588}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "العزل عن الزوجة والأمة",
     "markdown": "العزل بمعنى ترك إنزال المني خارج الفرج أباحه جمهور الفقهاء في الأمة، واختلفوا في الحرة، فمنهم من أباحه مطلقاً، ومنهم من اشترط إذنها، وذكروا أعذاراً تبيحه {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11588} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11589}."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/azl",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-23"
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Summary",
     "markdown": "In the lexicon, azl means removing someone or setting him aside from a post {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11579}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "Dismissal of the imam and the minister",
     "markdown": "The supreme imamate is established by the allegiance of those who bind and loose, and it lasts while its conditions last {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11579}. Most jurists allow the imam to resign, while one view forbids it {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11579}. A minister may not dismiss himself, but the imam may dismiss the minister he appointed {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11579}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "Dismissal of the judge",
     "markdown": "A judge may resign from his office {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11580}. According to the jurists, his office does not end at the death of the imam who appointed him {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11580}. On whether the imam may dismiss him, the jurists give three views: that he may dismiss him absolutely, that he may do so only for reasons, and that he may not do so at all {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11581}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "Grounds on which a judge loses office",
     "markdown": "A judge loses office when a condition of fitness is lost, such as madness, fainting, blindness, deafness, muteness, apostasy or wrongdoing, and the schools differ in the detail {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11582} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11583} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11584}. According to the majority, a dismissal takes no effect until the judge knows of it {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11585} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11586}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "Dismissal of agents, guardians and others",
     "markdown": "The dismissal of an agent, guardian, partner in a profit-sharing contract, surety and administrator of an endowment is treated under each contract {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11586} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11587} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11588}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "Withdrawal from a wife or slave-woman",
     "markdown": "Withdrawal (azl), meaning withdrawing before ejaculation, is permitted by the majority with a slave-woman. For a free wife the jurists differ: some permit it absolutely, others require her consent, and they list excuses that make it lawful {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11588} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11589}."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/azl",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation"
    ]
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-23"
  },
  "ur": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "خلاصہ",
     "markdown": "لغت میں عزل کا مطلب کسی کو منصب سے ہٹانا یا الگ کرنا ہے {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11579}۔"
    },
    {
     "heading": "قاضی کی معزولی",
     "markdown": "قاضی خود استعفیٰ دے سکتا ہے، اور فقہاء کے نزدیک جس امام نے اسے مقرر کیا تھا اس کی وفات سے اس کا منصب ختم نہیں ہوتا {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11580}۔ جمہور کے نزدیک معزولی کا حکم اس وقت تک نافذ نہیں ہوتا جب تک قاضی کو اس کی اطلاع نہ ہو {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11585}۔"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/azl",
    "lang": "ur",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation"
    ]
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-23"
  }
 },
 "degree": 18,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "updated": "2026-10-23",
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "passage/muwatta-15-1740",
   "type": "based_on",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/muwatta-maruf-1997"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "passage/muwatta-15-1741",
   "type": "based_on",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/muwatta-maruf-1997"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "passage/muwatta-15-1742",
   "type": "based_on",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/muwatta-maruf-1997"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "passage/muwatta-15-1743",
   "type": "based_on",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/muwatta-maruf-1997"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "passage/muwatta-15-1744",
   "type": "based_on",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/muwatta-maruf-1997"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "passage/muwatta-15-1745",
   "type": "based_on",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/muwatta-maruf-1997"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "passage/muwatta-15-1746",
   "type": "based_on",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/muwatta-maruf-1997"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "passage/muwatta-22-2163",
   "type": "based_on",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/muwatta-maruf-1997"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "passage/muwatta-22-2164",
   "type": "based_on",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/muwatta-maruf-1997"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "person/malik-ibn-anas",
  "passage/muwatta-kitab-15-talaq",
  "person/umar-ibn-al-khattab",
  "passage/muwatta-kitab-22-aqdiya",
  "person/nafi-al-madani",
  "person/abdullah-ibn-abbas",
  "person/zayd-ibn-thabit",
  "event/expedition-of-banu-al-mustaliq"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}