{
 "id": "concept/dhamm-fiqh",
 "class": "concept",
 "slug": "dhamm-fiqh",
 "label": {
  "ar": "الذم (في الفقه)",
  "en": "Blame and reproach (dhamm) in the rulings",
  "ur": "مذمت اور ملامت (فقہی احکام)"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "الذم خلاف المدح، ويكون بإلحاق الأذى بالغير كالقذف والسب والتعيير، وتدخل فيه أحكام الحد والتعزير. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8478} وذم الله ورسوله كفر، وإيذاء المؤمنين بالأقوال القبيحة حرام، ونهى الشرع عن السخرية والهمز واللمز والتنابز بالألقاب، واستثنى الفقهاء تلقيب الشخص بما غلب عليه من صفة لا يعاب بها. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8479} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8480} وذم المبتدعين مطلوب، وذم المعاصي والكفار والمنافقين وارد في الشرع. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8480} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8481}",
  "en": "Dhamm is the opposite of praise; in the rulings it is harm done to another, such as slander, abuse and insult, and it carries the hadd or discretionary penalties. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8478} Blaming God or His Messenger is disbelief, and cruel speech against believers is forbidden; the law forbids mockery, sneering, and calling people by insulting nicknames, while the jurists allow a nickname that describes an unavoidable trait without disparagement. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8479} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8480} Blaming innovators is sought, and blaming sins, disbelievers and hypocrites is found in the law. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8480} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8481}",
  "ur": "ذم تعریف کے برخلاف ہے اور فقہاء کے نزدیک دوسرے کو اذیت دینے کو کہتے ہیں، جیسے قذف اور گالی، جس پر حد یا تعزیر ہے۔ {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8478} اللہ یا اس کے رسول کی مذمت کفر ہے، جبکہ مومنین کو بری باتوں سے ایذا حرام ہے۔ {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8479}"
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "ideas"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "global"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/prophetic-era"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [
  "law-and-courts"
 ],
 "data": {
  "kind": "legal",
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "الموسوعة الفقهية الكويتية، نسخة نور بوك، مدخل «ذم»، ص 8478-8481 من المسح (الأرقام المطبوعة للمجلد ص 271-274)",
   "generated_by": "Claude Haiku 5.5",
   "model": "claude-haiku-5-5",
   "run": "mawsua-w05-batch16"
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 2,
   "generated_by": "Claude Haiku 5.5; headword read on scan pp.8478-8481 (the next heading ذمة is on p.8482; the cross-references دمي see أهل الذمة and ذنب see توبة on p.8481 are skipped). Qur'anic verses and hadiths are named, not typed. Urdu is a short draft only."
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "الذم خلاف المدح، وهو في الفقه إلحاق الأذى بالغير بالقول، كالقذف والسب والتعيير، وتترتب عليه أحكام الحد والتعزير. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8478}\nوذم الله ورسوله من أشد الإيذاء وهو كفر، وإيذاء المؤمنين والمؤمنات بالأقوال القبيحة حرام. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8479}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "السخرية والتلقيب",
     "markdown": "نهى الشرع عن السخرية والهمز واللمز والتنابز بالألقاب. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8479} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8480}\nواستثنى الفقهاء تلقيب الشخص بما غلب عليه من صفة لا كسب له فيها ولا يجد منه في نفسه عيبا، كالأعرج والأحدب. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8480}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "ذم البدع والمعاصي والكفار",
     "markdown": "ذم المبتدعين والبدع مطلوب في الشرع. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8480} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8481}\nوذم اللّه المعاصي والكفار والمنافقين في القرآن، ولا يجوز سب أصنام الكفار إذا أدى ذلك إلى سبهم لله. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8481}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/dhamm-fiqh",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-23"
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Summary",
     "markdown": "Dhamm is the opposite of praise; in the rulings it is harm done to another by speech, such as slander, abuse and insult, and it carries the hadd and discretionary penalties. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8478}\nBlaming God or His Messenger is among the gravest injuries and amounts to disbelief, and cruel speech against believing men and women is forbidden. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8479}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Mockery and nicknames",
     "markdown": "The law forbids mockery, sneering, and calling people by insulting nicknames. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8479} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8480}\nThe jurists allow a nickname that describes a trait the person cannot help and does not resent, such as lame or hunchbacked. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8480}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Blaming innovators, sins and unbelievers",
     "markdown": "Blaming innovators and innovations is sought in the law. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8480} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8481}\nThe Qur'an blames sins, disbelievers and hypocrites; the idols of unbelievers may not be cursed if that leads them to curse God. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8481}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/dhamm-fiqh",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-23"
  },
  "ur": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "خلاصہ",
     "markdown": "ذم فقہاء کے نزدیک دوسرے کو قول سے اذیت دینا ہے، جیسے قذف اور گالی، جن پر حد یا تعزیر ہے۔ {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8478}\nاللہ یا اس کے رسول کی مذمت کفر ہے، اور مومنین کو بری باتوں سے ایذا حرام ہے۔ {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8479}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/dhamm-fiqh",
    "lang": "ur",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-23"
  }
 },
 "degree": 0,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "updated": "2026-10-23",
 "connections": [],
 "related": [
  "concept/ahliyya",
  "concept/al-dimuqratiyya-wal-sharia",
  "concept/al-fatwa-ala-al-fadaiyyat",
  "concept/al-ilmaniyya-wal-islam",
  "concept/al-rajm",
  "concept/allusion-to-proposal-in-iddah",
  "concept/aman",
  "concept/amana"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}