{
 "id": "concept/diwan-fiqh",
 "class": "concept",
 "slug": "diwan-fiqh",
 "label": {
  "ar": "الديوان (في الفقه والسياسة الشرعية)",
  "en": "Diwan (the state register: the office books of troops, taxes, judges and governors)",
  "ur": "دیوان (ریاستی رجسٹر اور دفتر)"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "الديوان دفتر تثبت فيه الأسماء أو الوثائق، وما وضع لحفظ ما يتعلق بحقوق الدولة من أعمال وأموال وعمال، ويختلف الفقهاء في اتخاذه، فيجيزه المالكية، ويستحبه الشافعية، وينبغيه الحنابلة، وأول من وضعه عمر بن الخطاب. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8364} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8365} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8366} وينقسم ديوان الدولة إلى ما يختص بالجيش من إثبات وعطاء، وما يختص بالأعمال من رسوم وحقوق، وما يختص بالعمال من تقليد وعزل وجاري، ويكتب فيه القاضي ديوانه من محاضر وسجلات. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8366} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8367} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8368} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8371}",
  "en": "A diwan is a register in which names or documents are entered, and which keeps what concerns the state's business, funds and officials. The jurists differ over keeping one: the Malikis allow it, the Shafi'is recommend it, the Hanbalis say it is fitting; Umar ibn al-Khattab is the first to have set one up. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8364} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8365} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8366} The state's diwan has three parts: the army (enrolment and pay), the business of revenue (tithe, land-tax, the non-Muslims' poll tax and the frontier duties), and the officials (appointment, dismissal and their stipends); a judge's diwan holds his records and minutes. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8366} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8367} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8368} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8371}",
  "ur": "دیوان وہ رجسٹر ہے جس میں نام یا دستاویزات درج کی جائیں، اور ریاست کے کاموں، اموال اور عاملوں کا حساب رکھا جائے۔ عمر بن الخطاب نے پہلا دیوان قائم کیا۔ {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8364} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8365}"
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "ideas"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "global"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/abbasid-early"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [
  "law-and-courts",
  "development-of-law-theology-institutions"
 ],
 "data": {
  "kind": "legal",
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "الموسوعة الفقهية الكويتية، نسخة نور بوك، مدخل «ديوان»، ص 8364-8371 من المسح (الأرقام المطبوعة للمجلد ص 156-163)",
   "generated_by": "Claude Haiku 5.5",
   "model": "claude-haiku-5-5",
   "run": "mawsua-w05-batch12"
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 2,
   "generated_by": "Claude Haiku 5.5; headword read in full on scan pp.8364-8371 (the next heading ذات عرق is on p.8371). Footnote citations omitted; page images not checked; Urdu is a short draft only."
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "الديوان دفتر تثبت فيه الأسماء أو الوثائق، وما وضع لحفظ ما يتعلق بحقوق الدولة من أعمال وأموال وعمال. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8364}\nوأول من وضعه في الإسلام عمر بن الخطاب. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8365}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "اتخاذ الديوان",
     "markdown": "يجيز المالكية أن يتخذ الإمام ديوانا، أي دفترا يجمع أسماء الجند وعطاءهم. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8365}\nويستحب الشافعية في المعتمد عندهم وضع ديوان الجند، وينبغي ذلك عند الحنابلة لضبط المقاتلة وأرزاقهم. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8365} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8366}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "أقسام ديوان الدولة",
     "markdown": "للجيش: الإثبات والعطاء، ويخرج من الديوان من يسقط عذره أو يمتنع عن الجهاد، ويبقى اسم المريض المرجو برؤه. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8366}\nللأعمال: تحديد كل ناحية وحالها خراجا أو عشرا، وذكر أهل الذمة وما عليهم من جزية، وذكر المعادن والثغور. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8366} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8367}\nللعمال: التقليد والعزل والجاري، وشروط صحة التقليد من الناحية والعمل والمدة. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8367} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8368}\nوكاتب الديوان يشترط فيه العدالة والكفاية، ويحفظ القوانين ويستوفي الحقوق ويتصفح الظلامات. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8368} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8369} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8370}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "ديوان القاضي وغيره",
     "markdown": "ديوان القاضي ما فيه وثائق الناس من المحاضر والسجلات، وأول ما يطلبه القاضي عند توليه، ويسلم للقاضي الذي يخلفه. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8371}\nوديوان الرسائل استحدث حين فسدت الألسن، ليكتب عن أولي الأمر بألفاظ بليغة. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8371}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/diwan-fiqh",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-23"
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Summary",
     "markdown": "A diwan is a register in which names or documents are entered, and which keeps what concerns the state's business, funds and officials. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8364}\nUmar ibn al-Khattab was the first to set one up in Islam. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8365}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Keeping a diwan",
     "markdown": "The Malikis allow the imam to keep a diwan, a register of the troops' names and pay. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8365}\nThe Shafi'is recommend the troops' register in their accepted view, and the Hanbalis say the imam should keep one to fix the fighters and their allowances. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8365} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8366}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Parts of the state's diwan",
     "markdown": "For the army: enrolment and pay; a body of troops that refuses to fight when called loses its allowance, while a sick or insane man whose condition may improve stays on the register. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8366}\nFor the business of revenue: each district is described with its land, whether it pays tithe or land-tax; the non-Muslims and their poll tax are recorded; mines and frontier towns are noted. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8366} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8367}\nFor the officials: appointment, dismissal and stipends, with the conditions of a valid appointment as to district, duty and term. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8367} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8368}\nThe clerk of the diwan must be trustworthy and capable; he keeps the rules, collects dues, and hears complaints. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8368} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8369} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8370}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "The judge's diwan and others",
     "markdown": "A judge's diwan holds people's documents, records and minutes; a new judge takes it first and the predecessor hands it over. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8371}\nThe diwan of letters was set up when the language decayed, so that the rulers' letters could be written in eloquent words. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8371}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/diwan-fiqh",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-23"
  },
  "ur": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "خلاصہ",
     "markdown": "دیوان وہ رجسٹر ہے جس میں نام یا دستاویزات درج کی جائیں، اور ریاست کے کاموں، اموال اور عاملوں کا حساب رکھا جائے۔ {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8364}\nاسلام میں پہلا دیوان عمر بن الخطاب نے قائم کیا۔ {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8365}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/diwan-fiqh",
    "lang": "ur",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-23"
  }
 },
 "degree": 0,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "updated": "2026-10-23",
 "connections": [],
 "related": [
  "concept/dahri",
  "concept/dawa-fiqh",
  "concept/dawla-fiqh",
  "concept/hadm-fiqh",
  "concept/halal-lawful",
  "concept/haqiqa-literal",
  "concept/haqq-right",
  "concept/hikma-legal-purpose"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}