{
 "id": "concept/ihtiraf",
 "class": "concept",
 "slug": "ihtiraf",
 "label": {
  "ar": "احتراف",
  "en": "Craft, trade (ihtiraf)"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "الاحتراف أن يتخذ الإنسان حرفة يتكسب بها ويجعلها دأبه، ويفرق الفقهاء بينه وبين العمل والاكتساب، فالعمل أعم، والاحتراف أخص، ولا تكون الصناعة إلا بآلة. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.1719} وإقامة الصناعات فرض كفاية، فتوفير المحترفين واجب، ولذلك يجبر ولي الأمر أهل الحرفة على العمل بعوض المثل إذا امتنعوا. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.1721} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.1722} ويستحب لمن لم يجد الرزق في تجارة أن يتحول إلى غيرها بعد ثلاث مرات، استناداً إلى أثر عمر وابن عمر. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.1721}",
  "en": "Ihtiraf is practising a trade by which one earns a living and makes it one's habit. Jurists distinguish it from work, which is wider, and from earning, which is also wider; a craft with tools is called sina'a. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.1719} Keeping up the crafts is a communal duty, so supplying craftsmen is an obligation, and the ruler may compel craftsmen who refuse to work at the fair rate. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.1721} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.1722} One who finds no gain in a trade should move to another after three tries, on reports from 'Umar and Ibn 'Umar. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.1721}"
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "ideas"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "global"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/prophetic-era"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [
  "development-of-law-theology-institutions"
 ],
 "data": {
  "kind": "legal",
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "الموسوعة الفقهية الكويتية، نسخة نور بوك، الجزء الثاني، ص 1718 وما بعدها من المسح",
   "generated_by": "Claude Haiku 5.5",
   "model": "claude-haiku-5-5",
   "run": "mawsua-w01-batch-25"
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 0,
   "generated_by": "Claude Haiku 5.5; summary-level from scan pages stated in the text; footnotes omitted; printed folios not verified; page images absent, text only"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "الاحتراف أن يتخذ الإنسان حرفة يتكسب بها ويجعلها دأبه، ويفرق الفقهاء بينه وبين العمل والاكتساب، فالعمل أعم، والاحتراف أخص، ولا تكون الصناعة إلا بآلة. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.1719} وإقامة الصناعات فرض كفاية، فتوفير المحترفين واجب، ولذلك يجبر ولي الأمر أهل الحرفة على العمل بعوض المثل إذا امتنعوا. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.1721} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.1722} ويستحب لمن لم يجد الرزق في تجارة أن يتحول إلى غيرها بعد ثلاث مرات، استناداً إلى أثر عمر وابن عمر. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.1721}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/ihtiraf",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-23"
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Summary",
     "markdown": "Ihtiraf is practising a trade by which one earns a living and makes it one's habit. Jurists distinguish it from work, which is wider, and from earning, which is also wider; a craft with tools is called sina'a. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.1719} Keeping up the crafts is a communal duty, so supplying craftsmen is an obligation, and the ruler may compel craftsmen who refuse to work at the fair rate. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.1721} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.1722} One who finds no gain in a trade should move to another after three tries, on reports from 'Umar and Ibn 'Umar. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.1721}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/ihtiraf",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation"
    ]
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-23"
  },
  "ur": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "خلاصہ",
     "markdown": "احتراف یہ ہے کہ آدمی کوئی پیشہ اپنائے جس سے کمائی کرے۔ پیشے کی فراہمی فرض کفایہ ہے۔ {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.1721} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.1722}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/ihtiraf",
    "lang": "ur",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation"
    ]
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-23"
  }
 },
 "degree": 0,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "updated": "2026-10-23",
 "connections": [],
 "related": [
  "concept/add",
  "concept/adl",
  "concept/adwa",
  "concept/afw",
  "concept/ahd",
  "concept/ajal",
  "concept/ajir",
  "concept/ajnabi"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}