{
 "id": "concept/inqad",
 "class": "concept",
 "slug": "inqad",
 "label": {
  "ar": "الانعقاد",
  "en": "Inqad (the forming and binding of an act, contract or office)"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "الانعقاد لغة ضد الانحلال، ومعانيه الوجوب والارتباط والتأكد. وعند الفقهاء يختلف باختلاف الموضوع، فانعقاد العبادة ابتداؤها صحيحة، وانعقاد العقد ارتباط الإيجاب بالقبول على الوجه المعتبر شرعا. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3510} والانعقاد يفارق الصحة، فالصحة لا تحصل إلا بتمام الأركان والشروط، أما الانعقاد فقد يحصل وإن لم تتم الشروط. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3510} وينعقد العقد بالقول أو بالفعل كالمعاطاة عند أغلب الفقهاء. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3510} والباطل غير منعقد اتفاقا، وفي انعقاد الفاسد من المعاملات خلاف. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3511} وتنعقد الإمامة باختيار أهل الحل والعقد أو بعهد من الإمام مع مبايعتهم. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3511}",
  "en": "Inqad is lexically the opposite of dissolution, and carries the senses of obligation, binding and confirmation. For the jurists it varies with the subject: the forming of a worship is its valid beginning, and the forming of a contract is the binding of offer to acceptance in the manner the law requires. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3510} It differs from validity, which is reached only when all pillars and conditions are complete, whereas forming may occur before the conditions are complete. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3510} A contract may be formed by words or by act, as the mu'atah is by most jurists. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3510} What is void is by agreement not formed; the forming of invalid transactions is disputed. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3511} The imamate is formed by the choice of those who loose and bind, or by the appointment of the previous holder with their allegiance. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3511}"
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "ideas"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "global"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/prophetic-era"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [
  "law-and-courts"
 ],
 "data": {
  "kind": "legal",
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya al-Kuwaitiyya (Noor copy), headword «انعقاد», pp.3510-3511 of the scan (ends where «انعكاس» begins on p.3512). Technical term in the law of contracts, worship and the imamate; summarised at the level of definition and the main disputes.",
   "generated_by": "Claude Haiku 5.5",
   "model": "claude-haiku-5-5",
   "run": "mawsua-w02-9"
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 1
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "التعريف",
     "markdown": "الانعقاد لغة ضد الانحلال، ومن معانيه الوجوب والارتباط والتأكد. وعند الفقهاء يختلف المراد باختلاف الموضوع: انعقاد العبادة ابتداؤها صحيحة، وانعقاد الولد حمل الأم به، وانعقاد العقد ارتباط الإيجاب بالقبول على الوجه المعتبر شرعا. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3510}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "الفرق بين الصحة والانعقاد",
     "markdown": "الصحة لا تحصل إلا بتمام الأركان والشروط، أما الانعقاد فقد يحصل وإن لم تتم الشروط. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3510}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "ما يتحقق به الانعقاد",
     "markdown": "- بالقول: كصيغ العقود المعتبرة شرعا كالنكاح. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3510}\n- بالفعل: كالمعاطاة عند أغلب الفقهاء. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3510}\n- بالكناية مع النية: في التصرفات التي يستقل بها الشخص كالطلاق والعتاق والإبراء. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3510}\n- الهزل: ينعقد النكاح والطلاق والرجعة مع الهزل، لحديث في ذلك، ولا ينعقد البيع ونحوه معه. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3511}\n- الإشارة: تنعقد أغلب العقود بإشارة الأخرس، ولا تنعقد بإشارة القادر على النطق عند جمهور الفقهاء إلا لعذر. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3511}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "الباطل والفاسد",
     "markdown": "الباطل من عبادة وعقد غير منعقد اتفاقا. وفي انعقاد الفاسد من المعاملات خلاف، والحنفية يرون العقد الفاسد منعقدا غير صحيح. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3511}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "انعقاد الإمامة الكبرى والولايات",
     "markdown": "تنعقد الإمامة باختيار أهل الحل والعقد، أو بعهد الإمام لمن بعده مع مبايعة أهل الحل والعقد. وقد أجمع المسلمون على صحة العهد بالإمامة لأن أبا بكر عهد إلى عمر، وعمر جعلها شورى. وانعقاد الولايات يكون مشافهة مع الحضور، ومكاتبة مع الغيبة. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3511}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/inqad",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-23"
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Definition",
     "markdown": "Inqad is lexically the opposite of dissolution, with the senses of obligation, binding and confirmation. For the jurists it depends on the subject: the forming of a worship is its valid beginning, the forming of a child is the mother's conception, and the forming of a contract is the binding of offer to acceptance in the manner the law requires. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3510}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Forming and validity",
     "markdown": "Validity is reached only when all pillars and conditions are complete; forming may occur before the conditions are complete. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3510}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "How forming occurs",
     "markdown": "- By words: the contract formulas the law recognises, such as marriage. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3510}\n- By act: the mu'atah, which most jurists accept. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3510}\n- By allusion with intent: for acts a person can conclude alone, such as divorce, manumission and release. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3510}\n- In jest: marriage, divorce and return take effect in jest, on a report that these three are serious whether meant seriously or not; sales and similar contracts are not formed in jest. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3511}\n- By sign: most contracts are formed by the sign of a mute; most jurists do not accept the sign of one able to speak except with an excuse. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3511}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Void and invalid acts",
     "markdown": "What is void, whether worship or contract, is by agreement not formed. The forming of invalid transactions is disputed; the Hanafis hold that an invalid contract is formed but not valid. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3511}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Forming the imamate and offices",
     "markdown": "The imamate is formed by the choice of those who loose and bind, or by the appointment of the holder to his successor together with their allegiance. Muslims agree on the validity of such an appointment, since Abu Bakr appointed Umar and Umar left the matter to a council. Offices are formed by speech in person, and by writing in absence. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3511}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/inqad",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation"
    ]
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-23"
  },
  "ur": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "تعریف",
     "markdown": "انعقاد لغت میں انحلال کی ضد ہے، اور اس کے معنی لزوم، ارتباط اور تاکید کے بھی ہیں۔ فقہاء کے نزدیک یہ موضوع کے ساتھ بدلتا ہے؛ عقد میں انعقاد ایجاب و قبول کا شرعاً معتبر طریقے پر باہم جڑنا ہے۔ {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3510}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "حکم",
     "markdown": "- صحت اس وقت حاصل ہوتی ہے جب تمام ارکان و شرائط پورے ہوں، جبکہ انعقاد شرائط پوری ہونے سے پہلے بھی ہو سکتا ہے۔ {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3510}\n- باطل عبادت اور عقد بالاتفاق منعقد نہیں ہوتے؛ فاسد معاملات کے انعقاد میں اختلاف ہے۔ {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3511}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/inqad",
    "lang": "ur",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation"
    ]
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-23"
  }
 },
 "degree": 0,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "updated": "2026-10-23",
 "connections": [],
 "related": [
  "concept/ahliyya",
  "concept/al-dimuqratiyya-wal-sharia",
  "concept/al-fatwa-ala-al-fadaiyyat",
  "concept/al-ilmaniyya-wal-islam",
  "concept/al-rajm",
  "concept/allusion-to-proposal-in-iddah",
  "concept/aman",
  "concept/amana"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}