{
 "id": "concept/ismah",
 "class": "concept",
 "slug": "ismah",
 "label": {
  "ar": "العِصْمة",
  "en": "Protection (ismah): divine protection, sanctity of life and the marriage bond",
  "ur": "عصمت"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "العصمة في اللغة مطلق المنع والحفظ، وتطلق على عقد النكاح، كما في قوله تعالى في النساء الكافرات {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11644}. وللعصمة في الاصطلاح ثلاثة معان: عصمة بمعنى حفظ الله للمكلف من الذنوب، وعصمة مُقوّمة يثبت بها للإنسان وماله قيمة فيجب القصاص أو الدية أو الضمان على من هتكها، وعصمة مؤثّمة يأثم هاتكها دون قصاص أو دية {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11644} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11645}. ويذكر النص أن الرسل معصومون بعد النبوة عن المعاصي، واختلف في عصمتهم قبلها، والصحيح عنده تنزيههم من كل عيب {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11644} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11645}. وتثبت العصمة المقومة للمسلم بالشهادتين، وبالأمان بعقد ذمة أو عهد {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11645} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11646}. وتنحل عصمة النكاح بالفسخ كالردة والعيب، وبالطلاق، والأصل أن الزوج يملكه، والزوجة تملكه بتفويض الزوج لها أو باشتراط أن يكون أمرها بيدها {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11646} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11647}.",
  "en": "In the lexicon, ismah is the act of preventing and protecting; the jurists also use it of the marriage bond, as in the Qur'anic reference to the bonds with unbelieving women {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11644}. As a term it has three senses: the protection God gives a person from sins; the protection that makes a person and his property sacred, so that retaliation or compensation is due on violating it; and the protection that makes violating it sinful without retaliation or compensation {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11644} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11645}. The text states that the messengers are protected from sins after their mission, and that on their prior state the sound view it records is that they were free of every defect {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11644} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11645}. Sacredness of life and property is gained by the testimony of faith, and by a covenant of protection such as a treaty or safe-conduct {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11645} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11646}. The marriage bond ends by annulment, as for apostasy or defect, or by divorce; the husband normally holds the power of divorce, and a wife holds it when he delegates it to her or when she stipulated it {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11646} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11647}."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "ideas"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "global"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/prophetic-era"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [
  "creed",
  "family-marriage-kinship",
  "prophets"
 ],
 "data": {
  "kind": "legal",
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "الموسوعة الفقهية الكويتية، نسخة نور بوك، مدخل «عِصْمة»، ص 11644-11647 من المسح",
   "generated_by": "Claude Haiku 5.5",
   "model": "claude-haiku-5-5",
   "run": "mawsua-w07-batch16"
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 1,
   "generated_by": "Claude Haiku 5.5; headword عِصْمة complete on scan pp.11644-11647 (lexical sense, the three senses of protection, the prophets, sanctity by testimony and covenant, the marriage bond and its dissolution). The article on the prophets' infallibility is summarised as the text's own position, with attribution; the prophet-specific sub-article is referred to «نبي». Next headword عَضّ begins on scan p.11648. Footnote citations omitted"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "العصمة في اللغة مطلق المنع والحفظ، وتطلق على عقد النكاح {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11644}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "معانيها",
     "markdown": "العصمة بمعنى حفظ الله للمكلف من الذنوب، والعصمة المقوِّمة التي يثبت بها للإنسان وماله قيمة فيجب القصاص أو الدية أو الضمان على من هتكها، والعصمة المؤثِّمة التي يأثم هاتكها دون قصاص أو دية {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11644} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11645}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "عصمة الرسل",
     "markdown": "يذكر النص أن الرسل معصومون بعد النبوة عن المعاصي، واختلف فيهم قبل النبوة، والصحيح عنده تنزيههم من كل عيب {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11644} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11645}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "ما تثبت به العصمة المقومة",
     "markdown": "تثبت للمسلم بالنطق بالشهادتين، وتثبت لغيره بالأمان بعقد ذمة أو عهد {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11645} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11646}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "العصمة في النكاح",
     "markdown": "تطلق العصمة مجازاً على عقد النكاح، وتنحل بالفسخ كالردة والعيب، أو بالطلاق، والأصل أن الزوج يملكه، وتملكه الزوجة بتفويض الزوج لها أو باشتراطها أن يكون أمرها بيدها {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11646} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11647}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "مواطن البحث",
     "markdown": "تُنظر عصمة الأنبياء في «نبي»، والطلاق في «طلاق»، والتفويض في «تفويض» {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11647}."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/ismah",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-23"
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Summary",
     "markdown": "In the lexicon, ismah is preventing and protecting; the jurists also use it of the marriage bond {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11644}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "Its three senses",
     "markdown": "The first is the protection God gives a person from sins. The second is the protection that makes a person and his property sacred, so that retaliation, compensation or damages are due on violating it. The third is the protection that makes violating it sinful without retaliation or compensation {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11644} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11645}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "The protection of the messengers",
     "markdown": "The text states that the messengers are protected from sins after their mission; on their state before it, it records as the sound view that they were free of every defect {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11644} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11645}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "How sacred protection is gained",
     "markdown": "A Muslim gains it by the testimony of faith; others gain it by a covenant of protection, such as a treaty or safe-conduct {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11645} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11646}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "Ismah in marriage",
     "markdown": "The word is used figuratively for the marriage bond. It ends by annulment, as for apostasy or defect, or by divorce; the husband normally holds the power of divorce, and a wife holds it when he delegates it to her or she stipulated it {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11646} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11647}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "Where to look further",
     "markdown": "The prophets are treated under «prophets», divorce under «talaq», and delegation under «tafwid» {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11647}."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/ismah",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation"
    ]
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-23"
  },
  "ur": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "خلاصہ",
     "markdown": "لغت میں عصمت روکنے اور حفاظت کرنے کو کہتے ہیں، اور فقہاء اسے نکاح کے رشتے کے لیے بھی استعمال کرتے ہیں {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11644}۔"
    },
    {
     "heading": "نکاح میں عصمت",
     "markdown": "نکاح کا رشتہ فسخ (جیسے ارتداد یا عیب) یا طلاق سے ختم ہوتا ہے، اور طلاق کا اصل اختیار شوہر کو ہے، جبکہ بیوی کو یہ اختیار شوہر کے تفویض کرنے یا اس کی شرط لگانے سے ملتا ہے {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11646} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11647}۔"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/ismah",
    "lang": "ur",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation"
    ]
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-23"
  }
 },
 "degree": 0,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "updated": "2026-10-23",
 "connections": [],
 "related": [
  "concept/hanif",
  "concept/karama",
  "event/the-prophets-withdrawal",
  "person/ibrahim",
  "person/ismail",
  "person/sara",
  "building/taj-mahal",
  "concept/abawan"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}