{
 "id": "concept/iwad",
 "class": "concept",
 "slug": "iwad",
 "label": {
  "ar": "العِوَض",
  "en": "Consideration (iwad) in contracts, marriage, injury and damage",
  "ur": "عوض (بدل)"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "العوض في اللغة البدل، وهو ما يبذل في مقابلة شيء، ويطلق على الثواب في الآخرة {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11928}. وأوجب الفقهاء أداء العوض في عقود المعاوضات، ويجب على المؤجر والمستأجر وعلى الزوج صداق امرأته، وعلى من أتلف شيئاً مثله أو قيمته، وعلى الجاني الدية {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11928} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11929} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11931}. ومن الأعواض ما لا يصح عوضاً كالدم والميتة والخمر وجعل البضع مهراً في الشغار {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11929} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11930}. والأعواض مالية أو غير مالية، ومن شروطها أن تكون معلومة ومقدرة عند عقود المعاوضات حسماً للنزاع، وقد قدر الشارع بعض الأعواض كالدية والفدية والكفارات {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11930} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11936} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11937} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11938}. وتسقط الأعواض بهلاك المعقود عليه، أو بالإبراء، أو بالعفو، أو بالإسلام في الجزية {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11942} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11943}.",
  "en": "In the lexicon, iwad is a substitute, what is given in return for a thing; it is also used of the reward in the hereafter {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11928}. The jurists require that the consideration be paid in exchange contracts: the hirer and the lessor, the husband's dower, the one who destroys a thing must return its like or its value, and the killer owes the blood-money {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11928} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11929} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11931}. Some things cannot be a consideration, such as blood, carrion and wine, and making a woman's intimacy the dower in a shighar exchange {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11929} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11930}. Considerations are either financial or not, and in exchange contracts they must be known and fixed to end disputes; the law fixes some, such as the blood-money, the ransom and the expiations {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11930} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11936} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11937} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11938}. A consideration lapses when the object perishes, by release of a debt, by pardon, or by conversion to Islam in the case of the poll-tax {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11942} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11943}."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "ideas"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "global"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/prophetic-era"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [
  "development-of-law-theology-institutions",
  "the-poor-and-the-worker"
 ],
 "data": {
  "kind": "legal",
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "الموسوعة الفقهية الكويتية، نسخة نور بوك، عِوَض، ص 11928-11943",
   "generated_by": "Claude Haiku 5.5",
   "model": "claude-haiku-5-5",
   "run": "mawsua-w07-batch55"
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 1,
   "generated_by": "Claude Haiku 5.5; headword complete on scan pp.11928-11943. Footnote citations omitted; the juristic positions are summarised"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "العوض في اللغة البدل، وهو ما يبذل في مقابلة شيء، ويطلق على الثواب في الآخرة {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11928}. وأوجب الفقهاء أداء العوض في عقود المعاوضات، ويجب على المؤجر والمستأجر وعلى الزوج صداق امرأته، وعلى من أتلف شيئاً مثله أو قيمته، وعلى الجاني الدية {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11928} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11929} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11931}. ومن الأعواض ما لا يصح عوضاً كالدم والميتة والخمر وجعل البضع مهراً في الشغار {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11929} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11930}. والأعواض مالية أو غير مالية، ومن شروطها أن تكون معلومة ومقدرة عند عقود المعاوضات حسماً للنزاع، وقد قدر الشارع بعض الأعواض كالدية والفدية والكفارات {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11930} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11936} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11937} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11938}. وتسقط الأعواض بهلاك المعقود عليه، أو بالإبراء، أو بالعفو، أو بالإسلام في الجزية {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11942} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11943}."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/iwad",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-23"
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Summary",
     "markdown": "In the lexicon, iwad is a substitute, what is given in return for a thing; it is also used of the reward in the hereafter {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11928}. The jurists require that the consideration be paid in exchange contracts: the hirer and the lessor, the husband's dower, the one who destroys a thing must return its like or its value, and the killer owes the blood-money {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11928} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11929} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11931}. Some things cannot be a consideration, such as blood, carrion and wine, and making a woman's intimacy the dower in a shighar exchange {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11929} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11930}. Considerations are either financial or not, and in exchange contracts they must be known and fixed to end disputes; the law fixes some, such as the blood-money, the ransom and the expiations {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11930} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11936} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11937} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11938}. A consideration lapses when the object perishes, by release of a debt, by pardon, or by conversion to Islam in the case of the poll-tax {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11942} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11943}."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/iwad",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation"
    ]
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-23"
  },
  "ur": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "خلاصہ",
     "markdown": "عوض کا مطلب بدل ہے، جو کسی چیز کے مقابلے میں دیا جائے {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11928}۔ معاوضاتی عقود میں عوض کی ادائیگی واجب ہے، اور دیت وغیرہ شارع نے مقرر کی ہے {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11937} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.11938}۔"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/iwad",
    "lang": "ur",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation"
    ]
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-23"
  }
 },
 "degree": 0,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "updated": "2026-10-23",
 "connections": [],
 "related": [
  "concept/anwa-conquest",
  "concept/aqar",
  "concept/aqd",
  "concept/awl",
  "concept/awm",
  "concept/add",
  "concept/adl",
  "concept/adwa"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}