{
 "id": "concept/khata-nisyan",
 "class": "concept",
 "slug": "khata-nisyan",
 "label": {
  "ar": "الخطأ والنسيان",
  "en": "Error and forgetfulness"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "الخطأ والنسيان في حديث ابن عباس — التاسع والثلاثون من الأربعين — مما تجاوز الله به عن هذه الأمة: «إن الله تجاوز لي عن أمتي الخطأ والنسيان وما استكرهوا عليه» — فالخطأ فعل المحظور بغير قصد، والنسيان ترك المأمور أو فعل المنهي لذهول القلب عنه، وكلاهما يرفع المؤاخذة على القول الراجح عند شراح الحديث لانتفاء القصد الموجب للتكليف، وإن تعلق بالخطأ ضمان في المال كالقصاص في القتل الخطأ والرق في الأحكام (جامع العلوم والحكم ص 796–797).",
  "en": "Error and forgetfulness in Ibn Abbas's hadith — the thirty-ninth of the Forty — are among what God lifted from this community: 'God has pardoned for my sake on behalf of my community error, forgetfulness, and what they were coerced into' — error being the doing of the prohibited without intent, and forgetfulness the omitting of a command or doing of a prohibition through the heart's heedlessness, both lifting accountability on the commentators' prevailing reading since culpable intent is absent, while worldly consequences may still attach to error, such as the blood-money and expiation rulings for accidental killing (Jami' al-Ulum wal-Hikam pp. 796–797)."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "ideas"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "global"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/prophetic-era"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [
  "law-and-courts"
 ],
 "data": {
  "kind": "legal",
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "جامع العلوم والحكم، الحديث التاسع والثلاثون ص 796–797 (ط دار ابن كثير 1429هـ/2008م)",
   "generated_by": "Devin (SWE-2 High) from Apple Vision OCR",
   "run": "lib-jami-ulum-hikam-batch-14"
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/ibn-rajab-jami-ulum-hikam"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 1,
   "generated_by": "Devin (SWE-2 High); the pardon clause and the two al-Awza'i routes verified against OCR of printed pp. 796–797"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "الخطأ والنسيان من الأمور التي تجاوز الله بها عن هذه الأمة، كما في حديث ابن عباس، وهو التاسع والثلاثون في شرح ابن رجب. {cite:ibn-rajab-jami-ulum-hikam p. 796-797}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "الحديث",
     "markdown": "نصه: «إن الله تجاوز لي عن أمتي الخطأ والنسيان وما استكرهوا عليه». {cite:ibn-rajab-jami-ulum-hikam p. 796-797}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "المعنى",
     "markdown": "الخطأ فعل المحظور بغير قصد. والنسيان ترك المأمور أو فعل المنهي لذهول القلب عنه. وكلاهما يرفع المؤاخذة على القول الراجح عند شراح الحديث، لانتفاء القصد. {cite:ibn-rajab-jami-ulum-hikam p. 796-797}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "الأثر الدنيوي",
     "markdown": "قد يتعلق بالخطأ ضمان في المال، كما في أحكام القتل الخطأ. {cite:ibn-rajab-jami-ulum-hikam p. 796-797}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/khata-nisyan",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-16"
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Overview",
     "markdown": "Error and forgetting are among the matters for which God has pardoned this community, as in the hadith of Ibn Abbas, the thirty-ninth in Ibn Rajab's commentary. {cite:ibn-rajab-jami-ulum-hikam p. 796-797}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "The hadith",
     "markdown": "Its text: \"God has overlooked for me, for my community, error and forgetting, and what they were compelled to do.\" {cite:ibn-rajab-jami-ulum-hikam p. 796-797}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "The meaning",
     "markdown": "Error is doing what is forbidden without intending it. Forgetting is leaving what is commanded or doing what is prohibited because the heart was distracted from it. According to the preferred view of the commentators on the hadith, both lift accountability, because the intention is absent. {cite:ibn-rajab-jami-ulum-hikam p. 796-797}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "The worldly effect",
     "markdown": "Error may carry liability for property, as in the rulings on accidental killing. {cite:ibn-rajab-jami-ulum-hikam p. 796-797}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/khata-nisyan",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation"
    ]
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-16"
  },
  "ur": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "خلاصہ",
     "markdown": "خطا اور بھول ان چیزوں میں سے ہیں جن سے اللہ نے اس امت سے درگزر فرمایا، جیسا کہ ابن عباس کی حدیث میں ہے، جو ابن رجب کی شرح میں انتالیسویں حدیث ہے۔ {cite:ibn-rajab-jami-ulum-hikam p. 796-797}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "حدیث",
     "markdown": "اس کا متن ہے: «بے شک اللہ نے میری امت سے خطا، بھول اور وہ جس پر انہیں مجبور کیا گیا، درگزر فرمایا ہے»۔ {cite:ibn-rajab-jami-ulum-hikam p. 796-797}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "معنی",
     "markdown": "خطا بغیر ارادے کے ممنوع چیز کا کرنا ہے۔ اور نسیان مأمور کو چھوڑنا یا منہی کو کرنا ہے، دل کی غفلت کی وجہ سے۔ شرح کرنے والوں کے راجح قول کے مطابق دونوں ارادے کی عدم موجودگی کی وجہ سے مؤاخذہ اٹھا دیتے ہیں۔ {cite:ibn-rajab-jami-ulum-hikam p. 796-797}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "دنیوی اثر",
     "markdown": "خطا سے مال کا ضمان متعلق ہو سکتا ہے، جیسا کہ قتلِ خطا کے احکام میں ہے۔ {cite:ibn-rajab-jami-ulum-hikam p. 796-797}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/khata-nisyan",
    "lang": "ur",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation"
    ]
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-18"
  }
 },
 "degree": 2,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "updated": "2026-10-16",
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "passage/arbaun-39",
   "type": "based_on",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/ibn-rajab-jami-ulum-hikam"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "concept/ikrah",
  "person/abdullah-ibn-abbas",
  "passage/arbaun-39",
  "concept/ahliyya",
  "concept/al-dimuqratiyya-wal-sharia",
  "concept/al-fatwa-ala-al-fadaiyyat",
  "concept/al-ilmaniyya-wal-islam",
  "concept/al-rajm"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}