{
 "id": "concept/makruh",
 "class": "concept",
 "slug": "makruh",
 "label": {
  "ar": "المَكْرُوه",
  "en": "The disliked (makruh)",
  "ur": "مکروہ"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "المكروه في اللغة ضد المحبوب، وما نفرت منه الطباع والشرع. وعرّفه الأصوليون بأنه مطلوب الترك مع عدم الذم على فعله، وهو يضاد الواجب والمندوب، ويفارق الحرام بعدم الذم. وتعددت إطلاقاته عند الأصوليين، وقسمه الحنفية إلى مكروه كراهة تنزيه ومكروه كراهة تحريم، وعند محمد بن الحسن كراهة التحريم حرام ثبت بدليل ظني. والتفصيل في مسائل الحكم في الملحق الأصولي. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.14933} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.14934} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.14935}",
  "en": "The disliked (makruh) is, in the lexicon, the opposite of the beloved, and what the nature and the law reject. The usul scholars define it as what is sought to be left without blame for doing it. It is opposed to the obligatory and to the recommended, and differs from the forbidden in that doing it is not blamed. The word has several senses in usul. The Hanafis split it into disliked as reprehensible (tanzih), which is closer to permitted, and disliked as near prohibition (tahrim), which is closer to forbidden; Muhammad ibn al-Hasan holds that a near-prohibition founded on a probable text is forbidden. The usul appendix has the discussion of its ruling. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.14933} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.14934} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.14935}",
  "ur": "مکروہ وہ عمل ہے جس کا ترک مطلوب ہو مگر کرنے پر ملامت نہ ہو۔ حنفیہ اسے کراہتِ تنزیہی اور کراہتِ تحریمی میں تقسیم کرتے ہیں۔ {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.14934} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.14935}"
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "ideas"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "global"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/prophetic-era"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [
  "ethics-and-character"
 ],
 "data": {
  "kind": "legal",
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "الموسوعة الفقهية الكويتية، نسخة نور بوك، مدخل «مَكْرُوه»، ص 14933-14935 من المسح",
   "generated_by": "Claude Haiku 5.5",
   "model": "claude-haiku-5-5",
   "run": "mawsua-w09-26",
   "scan_pages": [
    14933,
    14934,
    14935
   ]
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 1,
   "generated_by": "Claude Haiku 5.5; headword complete on scan pp.14933-14935 (definition, related terms, the senses of the word, the Hanafi division). Cross-reference مَكْس (see مُكوس) on p.14935 is not a separate entity. Next headword مَكّة المكرمة begins on p.14936 and continues. Printed folios not verified"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "المكروه في اللغة ضد المحبوب، وما نفرت منه الطباع والشرع، وعند الأصوليين ما يُطلب تركه من غير ذم على فعله. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.14933} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.14934}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "صلته بالواجب والمندوب والحرام",
     "markdown": "المكروه يضاد الواجب والمندوب، ويفارق الحرام في أن فاعله لا يُذم. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.14934}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "إطلاقاته",
     "markdown": "تعددت إطلاقات المكروه عند الأصوليين، فذهب بعضهم إلى أنه يطلق على أربعة معان: الحرام، وترك الأولى، وما نُهي عنه تنزيها، وما وقعت الشبهة في تحريمه، وهذا قول الغزالي والآمدي والزركشي. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.14934}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "أقسامه عند الحنفية",
     "markdown": "قسم الحنفية المكروه إلى كراهة تنزيه، وهي أقرب إلى الحل، ولا يعاقب فاعلها، ويثاب تاركها أدنى ثواب، وكراهة تحريم، وهي أقرب إلى الحرمة وتتعلق بها محاذير كحرمان الشفاعة. وعند محمد بن الحسن كراهة التحريم حرام ثبتت حرمته بدليل ظني. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.14935}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "حكمه",
     "markdown": "اختلف الأصوليون في حكم المكروه، وفي كونه مكلفا بتركه، وفي دخوله في الأمر المطلق، وتفصيله في الملحق الأصولي. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.14935}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/makruh",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-23"
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Summary",
     "markdown": "The disliked (makruh) is, in the lexicon, the opposite of the beloved and what nature and the law reject. In usul it is what is sought to be left, without blame for doing it. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.14933} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.14934}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Related terms",
     "markdown": "It is opposed to the obligatory and the recommended, and differs from the forbidden in that the doer is not blamed. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.14934}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Senses of the word",
     "markdown": "Usul scholars give the word four senses: the forbidden, leaving the better, what is disliked as reprehensible, and what is doubtful in its prohibition; al-Ghazali, al-Amidi and al-Zarkashi hold this view. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.14934}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "The Hanafi division",
     "markdown": "The Hanafis divide it into disliked as reprehensible (tanzih), which is closer to permitted and carries no punishment, and disliked as near prohibition (tahrim), which is closer to forbidden and carries lesser penalties such as loss of intercession. Muhammad ibn al-Hasan holds that a near-prohibition founded on a probable text is forbidden. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.14935}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Its ruling",
     "markdown": "Usul scholars differ on the ruling on the disliked, on whether the doer is bound to leave it, and on whether a general command covers it; the detail is in the usul appendix. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.14935}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/makruh",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [],
    "status": "draft"
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-23"
  },
  "ur": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "خلاصہ",
     "markdown": "مکروہ وہ عمل ہے جس کا ترک مطلوب ہو مگر کرنے پر ملامت نہ ہو۔ {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.14933} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.14934}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "تقسیم",
     "markdown": "حنفیہ اسے کراہتِ تنزیہی (جس میں سزا نہیں) اور کراہتِ تحریمی (جو حرمت کے قریب ہے) میں تقسیم کرتے ہیں۔ {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.14935}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/makruh",
    "lang": "ur",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [],
    "status": "draft"
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-23"
  }
 },
 "degree": 0,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "updated": "2026-10-23",
 "connections": [],
 "related": [
  "concept/ada-al-dayn",
  "concept/ada-al-shahada",
  "concept/adab-hamil-al-quran",
  "concept/add",
  "concept/adha-fiqh",
  "concept/adl-wal-fadl",
  "concept/afw",
  "concept/ahd"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}