{
 "id": "concept/rahib-fiqh",
 "class": "concept",
 "slug": "rahib-fiqh",
 "label": {
  "ar": "الراهب",
  "en": "Monk (rahib): his killing in jihad and the jizya on monks",
  "ur": "راہب"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "الراهب في اللغة من رهب بمعنى خاف، وهو عند الإطلاق المنقطع للعبادة من النصارى، جمعه رهبان. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8572} ويُفرّق بينه وبين القسيس، وهو عالم النصارى، وبينه وبين الأحبار، وهم العلماء. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8572} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8573} إذا اشترك الرهبان في قتال المسلمين، أو خالطوا الناس، أو أعانوا المقاتلين برأيهم، جاز قتلهم عند الظفر بهم بلا خلاف. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8572} أما المعتزلون في صوامعهم دون مشاركة، فذهب الجمهور إلى أنهم لا يُقتلون، والأظهر عند الشافعية جواز قتلهم. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8572} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8573} وأما وضع الجزية على الرهبان فمحل خلاف وتفصيل. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8573}",
  "en": "A monk, rahib, is one who fears God; in the usual sense it is a Christian who withdraws for worship, and the plural is ruhban. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8572} He is distinguished from the qissis, the Christian scholar, and from the ahbar, the Jewish scholars. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8572} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8573} If monks take part in fighting Muslims, mix with the people, or help the fighters with counsel, they may be killed when taken, by agreement. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8572} If they stay apart in their monasteries without taking part, the majority (Hanafis, Malikis and Hanbalis, and one view of the Shafi'is) say they are not killed; the more apparent Shafi'i view allows killing them. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8572} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8573} Whether monks owe the jizya is disputed, and the detail is given under jizya. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8573}",
  "ur": "راہب سے مراد عیسائی عابد ہے جو عبادت کے لیے گوشہ نشین ہو، جمع رہبان۔ {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8572} جنگ میں شریک ہونے والے راہب کا قتل جائز ہے، جبکہ الگ تھلگ رہنے والے کے بارے میں جمہور کے نزدیک قتل جائز نہیں۔ {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8572} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8573}"
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "ideas"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "global"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/prophetic-era"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [
  "law-and-courts",
  "non-muslim-minorities-under-muslim-rule"
 ],
 "data": {
  "kind": "legal",
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "الموسوعة الفقهية الكويتية، نسخة نور بوك، مدخل «راهب»، ص 8572-8573 من المسح (الأرقام المطبوعة ص 48-49)",
   "generated_by": "Claude Haiku 5.5",
   "model": "claude-haiku-5-5",
   "run": "mawsua-w05-batch22"
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 2,
   "generated_by": "Claude Haiku 5.5; headword read on scan pp.8572-8573 (next heading ربا on p.8573). The Qur'anic verse on the monks is named by the encyclopedia, not typed; the jizya detail is referred to its own entry; the existing concept/qissisun-wal-ruhban (other lane) is related and not edited; footnote citations omitted. Urdu is a short draft."
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "الراهب في اللغة من رهب بمعنى خاف، وهو عند الإطلاق المنقطع للعبادة من النصارى، وجمعه رهبان. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8572}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "تمييزه من غيره",
     "markdown": "القسيس عالم النصارى، والأحبار علماء اليهود، والراهب عابد منقطع. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8572} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8573}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "قتله في الجهاد",
     "markdown": "إذا شارك الرهبان في القتال، أو خالطوا الناس، أو أعانوا المقاتلين برأيهم، جاز قتلهم عند الظفر بهم بلا خلاف. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8572}\nأما المعتزلون في صوامعهم دون مشاركة، فذهب الجمهور (الحنفية والمالكية والحنابلة، ورواية عند الشافعية) إلى أنهم لا يُقتلون، والأظهر عند الشافعية جواز قتلهم. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8572} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8573}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "الجزية",
     "markdown": "وضع الجزية على الرهبان محل خلاف، ويُنظر تفصيله في مدخل «جزية». {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8573}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/rahib-fiqh",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-23"
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Summary",
     "markdown": "A rahib is, in the lexical sense, one who fears God; in general use it is a Christian who withdraws from the world for worship, and the plural is ruhban. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8572}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Distinctions",
     "markdown": "The qissis is the Christian scholar and the ahbar are the Jewish scholars; the rahib is the withdrawn devotee. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8572} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8573}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Killing in jihad",
     "markdown": "If monks take part in fighting, mix with the people, or help the fighters with their counsel, they may be killed when taken, by agreement. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8572}\nIf they keep apart in their monasteries without taking part, the majority (Hanafis, Malikis and Hanbalis, and one view of the Shafi'is) say they are not killed; the more apparent Shafi'i view allows it. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8572} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8573}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Jizya",
     "markdown": "Whether monks owe the jizya is disputed; the detail is under jizya. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8573}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/rahib-fiqh",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [],
    "status": "draft"
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-23"
  },
  "ur": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "خلاصہ",
     "markdown": "راہب عیسائی عابد ہے جو دنیا سے کٹ کر عبادت میں مشغول ہو، جمع رہبان۔ {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8572}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "جنگ میں قتل",
     "markdown": "جنگ میں شریک یا مشورے سے مدد کرنے والے راہب کا قتل بالاتفاق جائز ہے، اور الگ تھلگ رہنے والوں کے بارے میں جمہور کے نزدیک قتل جائز نہیں۔ {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8572} {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.8573}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/rahib-fiqh",
    "lang": "ur",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [],
    "status": "draft"
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-23"
  }
 },
 "degree": 0,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "updated": "2026-10-23",
 "connections": [],
 "related": [
  "work/charge-to-amr-ibn-hazm",
  "concept/ahl-al-dhimma",
  "concept/ahliyya",
  "concept/al-dimuqratiyya-wal-sharia",
  "concept/al-fatwa-ala-al-fadaiyyat",
  "concept/al-ilmaniyya-wal-islam",
  "concept/al-rajm",
  "concept/allusion-to-proposal-in-iddah"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}