{
 "id": "concept/ummahat-al-muminin",
 "class": "concept",
 "slug": "ummahat-al-muminin",
 "label": {
  "ar": "أمهات المؤمنين",
  "en": "Ummahat al-muminin (the mothers of the believers: the wives of the Prophet)"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "أمهات المؤمنين نساء النبي اللاتي عقد عليهن ودخل بهن، وعددهن اثنتا عشرة، وتوفي عن تسع منهن. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3403}{cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3404} ويشترط فيهن الإسلام والحرية وعدم الامتناع عن الهجرة والتنزه عن الزنى، وتحرم نكاحهن على التأبيد بنص القرآن. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3404}{cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3405}{cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3406}{cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3407} وقد اختلف الفقهاء في دخولهن في أهل البيت، وفي عقوبة قذفهن، فقال بعضهم بالقتل في قذف عائشة، وقال آخرون بالحد. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3407}{cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3408}{cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3409}",
  "en": "The mothers of the believers are the women the Prophet married and consummated with, twelve in number; nine were with him at his death. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3403}{cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3404} The conditions for them are Islam, freedom, no refusal of the migration and chastity, and their marriage was forbidden to others for ever by the text of the Qur'an. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3404}{cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3405}{cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3406}{cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3407} The jurists differ on whether they belong to the household of the Prophet and on the penalty for slandering them, some holding death for slander of Aisha and others a hadd penalty. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3407}{cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3408}{cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3409}"
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "ideas"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "global"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/prophetic-era"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [
  "prophets"
 ],
 "data": {
  "kind": "legal",
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "al-Mawsu'a al-Fiqhiyya al-Kuwaitiyya (Noor copy), headword «أمهات المؤمنين», pp.3403-3409 of the scan (ends where «أمي» begins on p.3409). Long entry on a religious and historical subject; footnote citations omitted, and no honorific formula is typed.",
   "generated_by": "Claude Haiku 5.5",
   "model": "claude-haiku-5-5",
   "run": "mawsua-w02-9"
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 1
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "التعريف",
     "markdown": "أمهات المؤمنين هن النساء اللاتي عقد عليهن النبي ودخل بهن. وعددهن اثنتا عشرة امرأة، وتوفي النبي عن تسع منهن. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3403}{cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3404}\nولا يطلق لفظ أم المؤمنين على من عقد عليها ولم يدخل بها، ولا على من دخل بها تسريا، كمارية القبطية. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3403}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "الصفات المعتبرة",
     "markdown": "- الإسلام: كن كلهن مسلمات، ويحرم عليه عند المالكية والشافعية أن يتزوج كتابية. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3404}\n- الحرية: لم تكن واحدة منهن رقيقة، ويحرم عليه أن يتزوج أمة عند المالكية والشافعية. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3404}{cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3405}\n- عدم الامتناع عن الهجرة: حرم الله على نبيه من لم تهاجر من النساء المؤمنات، واستدل أبو يوسف بأن تخصيص الشيء بالذكر لا ينفي ما عداه. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3405}\n- التنزه عن الزنى. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3406}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "أحكام تتعلق بالنبي",
     "markdown": "- لا حق لهن في القسم في المبيت ولا في العدل بينهن، ويجوز له أن يفضل من شاء منهن. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3406}{cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3407}\n- تحريم نكاحهن على التأبيد بنص القرآن. واختلف الفقهاء في من فارقهن قبل الدخول، فقال الشافعي وصححه النووي بالتحريم، وقال آخرون بعدم التحريم. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3407}\n- اختلف في وجوب عدة الوفاة عليهن واستمرار حقهن في النفقة والسكنى. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3407}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "دخولهن في أهل البيت",
     "markdown": "اختلف العلماء في دخولهن في أهل البيت؛ فقال بعضهم يدخلن، وهو قول عائشة وابن عباس وعكرمة وعروة وابن تيمية، وقال آخرون لا يدخلن، واستدلوا بحديث أم سلمة في الكساء. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3407}{cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3408}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "حقوقهن وعقوبة قذفهن",
     "markdown": "- يجب على المسلمين احترامهن وتعظيمهن. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3408}\n- من قذف عائشة بما برأها الله منه فقد كفر وجزاؤه القتل، وحكى القاضي أبو يعلى وغيره الإجماع على ذلك. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3408}\n- في قذف غيرها من أمهات المؤمنين اختلف العلماء، فقال بعضهم كقذف عائشة في القتل، وقال آخرون يحد حدا واحدا كقذف غيرهن، وقال مسروق وسعيد بن جبير يحد حدين. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3408}{cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3409}\n- سب واحدة منهن بغير الزنى فسق يعزر فاعله، كحكم سب أحد الصحابة. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3409}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/ummahat-al-muminin",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-23"
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Definition",
     "markdown": "The mothers of the believers are the women whom the Prophet married and with whom he consummated the marriage. They are twelve in number; the Prophet died leaving nine of them. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3403}{cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3404}\nThe title is not given to a woman married but not consummated, nor to one he took as a slave-concubine, such as Mariyya the Copt. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3403}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Qualities required",
     "markdown": "- Islam: all of them were Muslims; the Malikis and Shafi'is hold that he could not marry a Christian or Jewish woman. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3404}\n- Freedom: none of them was a slave; the Malikis and Shafi'is hold that he could not marry a slave even a Muslim. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3404}{cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3405}\n- Not refusing migration: God forbade him to marry believing women who had not migrated; Abu Yusuf argued that naming a thing does not exclude what is not named. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3405}\n- Chastity. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3406}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Rulings concerning the Prophet",
     "markdown": "- They had no right to a turn of nights or equal treatment among them, and he could prefer any of them. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3406}{cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3407}\n- Their marriage to others was forbidden for ever by the text of the Qur'an. The jurists differ on the women he separated from before consummation: the Shafi'is, and al-Nawawi in his correction, hold the bar applies; others do not. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3407}\n- The jurists differ on whether a mother of the believers observes the waiting period of widowhood and keeps her maintenance and lodging. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3407}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Whether they are the household",
     "markdown": "Scholars differ on whether the mothers of the believers belong to the household of the Prophet. Some say they do, a view attributed to Aisha, Ibn Abbas, Ikrima, Urwa and Ibn Taymiyya; others say they do not, citing the hadith of the cloak that Umm Salama was told to stay in her place. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3407}{cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3408}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Their rights and the penalty for slandering them",
     "markdown": "- Believers must honour them and protect them from speech and gaze. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3408}\n- Slandering Aisha with what God cleared her of is unbelief, punished by death, a view said to be agreed by al-Qadi Abu Ya'la and others. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3408}\n- The jurists differ on slander of other mothers of the believers: some hold it punished like the slander of Aisha; others, a single hadd like the slander of any Muslim; Masruq and Sa'id ibn Jubayr, a double hadd. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3408}{cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3409}\n- Insulting one of them other than by accusing her of unchastity is sin, and the offender is disciplined, as with insulting one of the companions. {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3409}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/ummahat-al-muminin",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation"
    ]
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-23"
  },
  "ur": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "تعریف",
     "markdown": "امہات المؤمنین وہ عورتیں ہیں جن سے نبی نے نکاح کیا اور جن کے ساتھ رخصتی ہوئی؛ ان کی تعداد بارہ ہے، اور وفات کے وقت نو ازواج موجود تھیں۔ {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3403}{cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3404}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "صفات",
     "markdown": "مسلمان، آزاد، ہجرت سے انکار نہ کرنے والی، اور پاکدامن ہونا ضروری ہے۔ {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3404}{cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3405}{cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3406} ان سے نکاح دوسروں پر ہمیشہ کے لیے حرام ہے، قرآن کی نص کے مطابق۔ {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3407}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "اہل بیت میں داخل ہونا",
     "markdown": "علماء میں اختلاف ہے کہ وہ اہل بیت میں داخل ہیں یا نہیں۔ {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3407}{cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3408}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "قذف کی سزا",
     "markdown": "حضرت عائشہ پر تہمت کو کفر اور اس کی سزا قتل قرار دیا گیا، جبکہ دوسری امہات المؤمنین کے بارے میں اختلاف ہے۔ {cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3408}{cite:fiqh-mawsua-kuwaitiyya-noor-v3 p.3409}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "concept/ummahat-al-muminin",
    "lang": "ur",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation"
    ]
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-23"
  }
 },
 "degree": 0,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "updated": "2026-10-23",
 "connections": [],
 "related": [
  "concept/abraham-and-the-one-who-argued",
  "concept/al-amin",
  "concept/al-balagh",
  "concept/al-qawaid-min-al-bayt",
  "concept/al-wasiyya-al-diniyya",
  "concept/badr-as-sign",
  "concept/belief-in-the-messengers-no-distinction",
  "concept/completion-of-earlier-messages"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}