{
 "id": "event/death-of-tughril-iii-590",
 "class": "event",
 "slug": "death-of-tughril-iii-590",
 "label": {
  "ar": "قتل السلطان طغرل الثالث آخر سلاطين السلاجقة بالعراق",
  "en": "Killing of Sultan Tughril III, last Seljuk sultan in Iraq"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "في سنة تسعين وخمسمائة قصد السلطان طغرل بن أرسلان بن طغرل السلجوقي بلد الري فأغار على من بها من أصحاب خوارزم شاه علاء الدين تكش، فسار خوارزم شاه من نيسابور إلى الري فتلقاه قتلغ اينانج بن البهلوان بالطاعة، فلما سمع طغرل بوصوله وعساكره متفرقة لم يقف ليجمعها فقيل له إن الذي تفعله ليس برأي والمصلحة أن تجمع العساكر فلم يقبل وكان فيه شجاعة، فالتقى العسكران قريباً من الري فحمل طغرل بنفسه في وسط عسكر خوارزم شاه فأحاطوا به وألقوه عن فرسه وقتلوه في الرابع والعشرين من ربيع الأول، وحمل رأسه إلى خوارزم شاه فسيره إلى بغداد فنصب بها بباب النوبي عدة أيام، وسار خوارزم شاه إلى همذان فملك تلك البلاد جميعها، وسير الخليفة الناصر لدين الله عسكراً لنجدته ومعه الخلع السلطانية مع وزيره مؤيد الدين بن القصاب فدس رسولاً يستدعيه إلى خيمته ليقبض عليه فاحترس خوارزم شاه ودخل إليه قصداً لأخذه فاندفع الوزير هارباً إلى بضع الجبال {cite:kamil-ibn-al-athir p. 232-233}.",
  "en": "In the year 590 Sultan Tughril ibn Arslan ibn Tughril al-Saljuqi marched on the city of Rayy and raided those there who belonged to Khwarazm-Shah Ala al-Din Tekish. Khwarazm-Shah set out from Nishapur for Rayy, and Qutlugh Inanj ibn al-Bahlawan met him in submission. When Tughril heard of his approach, with his troops scattered, he did not wait to gather them. He was told that what he was doing was not sound judgement and that the right course was to assemble the armies, but he would not accept this, for he had courage. The two armies met near Rayy, and Tughril charged in person into the middle of Khwarazm-Shah's army; they surrounded him, threw him from his horse, and killed him on the 24th of Rabi' I. His head was sent to Khwarazm-Shah, who had it forwarded to Baghdad, where it was displayed for several days at Bab al-Nawbi. Khwarazm-Shah marched on Hamadhan and took all those lands. The caliph al-Nasir li-Din Allah had sent an army to his aid, with the sultanic robes, under his vizier Muayyad al-Din ibn al-Qassab. The vizier sent a messenger to summon Khwarazm-Shah to his tent in order to seize him, but Khwarazm-Shah was wary and went to him intending to seize him instead, and the vizier fled into the mountain fastnesses {cite:kamil-ibn-al-athir p. 232-233}."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "time"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "persia-central-asia",
  "levant-iraq"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/buyid-seljuk-fatimid-era"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [
  "battles"
 ],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 1194.1620293366736,
  "latest": 1194.2469044538584
 },
 "display": {
  "start": {
   "edtf": "1194-03~",
   "hijri": "0590-03-24",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "tradition",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "24 ربيع الأول 590؛ التحويل مشتق {cite:kamil-ibn-al-athir p. 233}."
  },
  "end": {
   "edtf": "1194-03~",
   "hijri": "0590-03-24",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "tradition",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "24 ربيع الأول 590؛ التحويل مشتق {cite:kamil-ibn-al-athir p. 233}."
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "kind": "battle",
  "date": {
   "start": {
    "edtf": "1194-03~",
    "hijri": "0590-03-24",
    "calendar": "julian",
    "precision": "day",
    "status": "tradition",
    "derived": true,
    "note": "24 ربيع الأول 590؛ التحويل مشتق {cite:kamil-ibn-al-athir p. 233}."
   }
  },
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "الكامل في التاريخ — ابن الأثير، مسح kamilt00_201908، سنة 590، ص 232–233",
   "generated_by": "Devin (SWE-2 High) from Apple Vision OCR",
   "run": "lib-kamil-562-629-05"
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/kamil-ibn-al-athir"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 2,
   "generated_by": "Devin (SWE-2 High)"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "قُتل السلطان [[person/tughril-iii|طغرل بن أرسلان السلجوقي]] في الرابع والعشرين من ربيع الأول سنة 590هـ قرب الري، في قتاله مع جيش خوارزم شاه [[person/ala-al-din-tekish|علاء الدين تكش]]، بحسب ابن الأثير. {cite:kamil-ibn-al-athir p. 232-233}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "القتال",
     "markdown": "قصد طغرل الري فأغار على من بها من أصحاب خوارزم شاه. فسار خوارزم شاه من نيسابور إليها. ولما سمع طغرل بوصوله وعساكره متفرقة لم يقف ليجمعها، وقيل له إن ذلك ليس برأي فلم يقبل. فحمل بنفسه في وسط العسكر، فأحاطوا به وألقوه عن فرسه وقتلوه. {cite:kamil-ibn-al-athir p. 232-233}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "بعده",
     "markdown": "حُمل رأسه إلى خوارزم شاه، فسيّره إلى بغداد فنُصب بباب النوبي عدة أيام. وسار خوارزم شاه إلى همذان فملك تلك البلاد. وسيّر الخليفة [[person/al-nasir-billah|الناصر لدين الله]] عسكراً ومعه الخلع السلطانية مع وزيره ابن القصاب. {cite:kamil-ibn-al-athir p. 232-233}\n\nالتاريخ الميلادي مشتق من الهجري."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "event/death-of-tughril-iii-590",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-16"
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Overview",
     "markdown": "The Seljuk sultan [[person/tughril-iii|Tughril ibn Arslan]] was killed on 24 Rabi' al-Awwal 590 AH near al-Rayy, fighting the army of the Khwarazm-shah [[person/ala-al-din-tekish|Ala al-Din Tekish]], according to Ibn al-Athir. {cite:kamil-ibn-al-athir p. 232-233}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "The fighting",
     "markdown": "Tughril marched on al-Rayy and raided those of the Khwarazm-shah's men who were there. The Khwarazm-shah marched on it from Nishapur. When Tughril heard of his arrival while his armies were scattered, he did not stop to gather them, and when he was told that this was not the right course, he would not accept it. He charged in the middle of the army himself, and they surrounded him and threw him from his horse and killed him. {cite:kamil-ibn-al-athir p. 232-233}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "After him",
     "markdown": "His head was carried to the Khwarazm-shah, who sent it to Baghdad, where it was hung for several days at the Gate of the Nubians. The Khwarazm-shah marched to Hamadhan and took those lands. The caliph [[person/al-nasir-billah|al-Nasir li-Din Allah]] sent an army with the sultanic robes, with his vizier Ibn al-Qassab. {cite:kamil-ibn-al-athir p. 232-233}\n\nThe Gregorian date is derived from the Hijri date."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "event/death-of-tughril-iii-590",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation"
    ]
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-16"
  },
  "ur": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "خلاصہ",
     "markdown": "سلطان [[person/tughril-iii|طغرل بن ارسلان السلجوقی]] ربیع الاول سنہ 590ھ کی چوبیس تاریخ کو ری کے قریب خوارزم شاہ [[person/ala-al-din-tekish|علاء الدین تکش]] کے لشکر سے لڑائی میں قتل ہوئے، جیسا کہ ابن الاثیر بیان کرتے ہیں۔ {cite:kamil-ibn-al-athir p. 232-233}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "لڑائی",
     "markdown": "طغرل ری کی طرف گئے اور وہاں خوارزم شاہ کے ساتھیوں پر حملہ کیا۔ خوارزم شاہ نیشاپور سے ان کی طرف آئے۔ جب طغرل کو ان کے پہنچنے کی خبر ملی اور ان کا لشکر منتشر تھا تو وہ اسے جمع کرنے کے لیے نہ ٹھہرے، اور انہیں بتایا گیا کہ یہ درست رائے نہیں، مگر انہوں نے نہ مانا۔ وہ خود لشکر کے درمیان میں حملہ آور ہوئے، تو انہیں گھیر لیا گیا، ان کے گھوڑے سے گرایا گیا اور قتل کر دیا گیا۔ {cite:kamil-ibn-al-athir p. 232-233}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "بعد میں",
     "markdown": "ان کا سر خوارزم شاہ کے پاس لایا گیا، تو اس نے اسے بغداد بھیج دیا جہاں باب النوبی پر کئی دن لٹکایا گیا۔ خوارزم شاہ ہمدان کی طرف گیا اور ان علاقوں پر قبضہ کر لیا۔ خلیفہ [[person/al-nasir-billah|الناصر لدین اللہ]] نے اپنے وزیر ابن القصاب کے ساتھ ایک لشکر اور سلطانی خلعتیں بھیجیں۔ {cite:kamil-ibn-al-athir p. 232-233}\n\nعیسوی تاریخ ہجری سے اخذ کی گئی ہے۔"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "event/death-of-tughril-iii-590",
    "lang": "ur",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation"
    ]
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-18"
  }
 },
 "degree": 6,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "updated": "2026-10-22",
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "person/tughril-iii",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "السلطان المقتول",
   "sources": [
    "source/kamil-ibn-al-athir"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/ala-al-din-tekish",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "خوارزم شاه الغالب",
   "sources": [
    "source/kamil-ibn-al-athir"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/al-nasir-billah",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "الخليفة الذي سير الخلع السلطانية",
   "sources": [
    "source/kamil-ibn-al-athir"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "event/abu-al-hayja-hamadan-593",
  "event/caliph-army-tughril-586",
  "event/daya-marj-defeat-584",
  "event/death-al-nasir-622",
  "event/death-bahlawan-582",
  "event/death-ibn-al-khalifa-610",
  "event/death-mustadi-575",
  "event/death-tekish-596"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}