{
 "id": "event/hakim-women-confinement-405",
 "class": "event",
 "slug": "hakim-women-confinement-405",
 "label": {
  "ar": "الحاكم يمنع نساء مصر من الخروج",
  "en": "Al-Hakim Forbids the Women of Egypt to Go Out"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "في سنة خمس وأربعمائة منع الحاكم بأمر الله النساء في مصر من الخروج من بيوتهن أبداً ومن دخول الحمّامات، وأبطل صنعة الخفاف لهن، وقتل عدة نسوة خالفن أمره وغرّق جماعة من العجائز {cite:shadharat-dhahab p. 173}.",
  "en": "In 405 al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah forbade the women of Egypt ever to leave their houses or enter the bathhouses, abolished women's shoemaking so they could not be shod for the street, and had several women who defied the order killed and a group of old women drowned {cite:shadharat-dhahab p. 173}."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "time"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "egypt-nile"
 ],
 "periods": [
  "period/abbasid-early"
 ],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 1013.9995345558089,
  "latest": 1014.9988706133279
 },
 "display": {
  "start": {
   "edtf": "1014~",
   "hijri": "0405",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "tradition",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "سنة 405 {cite:shadharat-dhahab p. 173}."
  },
  "end": {
   "edtf": "1014~",
   "hijri": "0405",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "tradition",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "سنة 405 {cite:shadharat-dhahab p. 173}."
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "kind": "law-enacted",
  "date": {
   "start": {
    "edtf": "1014~",
    "hijri": "0405",
    "calendar": "julian",
    "precision": "year",
    "status": "tradition",
    "derived": true,
    "note": "سنة 405 {cite:shadharat-dhahab p. 173}."
   }
  },
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "شذرات الذهب لابن العماد — الجزء الثالث، ممسوح مكتبة الحصاد (AAlexandrina-223861)، قراءة آبل فيجن",
   "generated_by": "Devin (SWE-2 High) from Apple Vision OCR",
   "run": "lib-shadharat-batch-89"
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/shadharat-dhahab"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 2,
   "generated_by": "Devin (SWE-2 High)"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "في سنة خمس وأربعمائة منع الحاكم بأمر الله النساء في مصر من الخروج من بيوتهن أبداً ومن دخول الحمّامات {cite:shadharat-dhahab p. 173}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "تفاصيل المنع",
     "markdown": "وأبطل صنعة الخفاف لهن حتى لا يُخرَف للنساء ما يمشين به، فهو من أشهر المراسيم التي أفردها المؤرخون في سنة أحكامه المتغيرة {cite:shadharat-dhahab p. 173}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "التنفيذ",
     "markdown": "وقتل عدة نسوة خالفن أمره، وغرّق جماعة من العجائز {cite:shadharat-dhahab p. 173}."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "event/hakim-women-confinement-405",
    "lang": "ar"
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-17"
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Summary",
     "markdown": "In 405 AH the caliph al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah forbade women in Egypt ever to leave their homes or enter the public baths {cite:shadharat-dhahab p. 173}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "Details of the ban",
     "markdown": "He also stopped the shoemakers from making the shoes women used to walk outside in. It is one of the best-known decrees that historians recorded among his changeable rulings {cite:shadharat-dhahab p. 173}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "Enforcement",
     "markdown": "Several women who disobeyed his order were killed, and some old women were drowned {cite:shadharat-dhahab p. 173}."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "event/hakim-women-confinement-405",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation"
    ]
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-18"
  },
  "ur": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "خلاصہ",
     "markdown": "سنہ 405ھ میں حاکم بامر اللہ نے مصر کی عورتوں کو اپنے گھروں سے کبھی نکلنے اور حماموں میں جانے سے منع کر دیا {cite:shadharat-dhahab p. 173}۔"
    },
    {
     "heading": "پابندی کی تفصیل",
     "markdown": "اس نے عورتوں کے لیے جوتے بنانے کا کام بھی ختم کر دیا تاکہ ان کے پاس چلنے کے لیے کوئی جوتا نہ رہے۔ یہ ان مشہور فرمانوں میں سے ہے جنہیں مؤرخین نے اس کے بدلتے ہوئے احکام کے دور میں الگ سے بیان کیا {cite:shadharat-dhahab p. 173}۔"
    },
    {
     "heading": "نفاذ",
     "markdown": "اس کے حکم کی خلاف ورزی کرنے والی کئی عورتیں قتل کی گئیں، اور کچھ بوڑھی عورتیں غرق کی گئیں {cite:shadharat-dhahab p. 173}۔"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "event/hakim-women-confinement-405",
    "lang": "ur",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation"
    ]
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-18"
  }
 },
 "degree": 4,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "updated": "2026-10-22",
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "person/al-hakim-bi-amr-illah",
   "type": "had_participant",
   "inverse": true,
   "role": "decree-issuer",
   "sources": [
    "source/shadharat-dhahab"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "place/misr",
   "type": "occurred_at",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/shadharat-dhahab"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "event/adil-aziz-shuffle-582",
  "event/adil-egypt-596",
  "event/cairo-caliphate-baya-659",
  "event/death-aziz-595",
  "event/death-of-malik-al-ashtar-en-route-to-egypt",
  "event/death-of-muhammad-ibn-abi-hudhayfa",
  "event/egypt-earthquakes-272",
  "event/famine-iraq-egypt-448"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}