{
 "id": "passage/muwatta-kitab-22-aqdiya",
 "class": "passage",
 "slug": "muwatta-kitab-22-aqdiya",
 "label": {
  "ar": "الموطأ، كتاب الأقضية",
  "en": "Muwatta, Book of Judgements (aqdiya)"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "كتاب الأقضية، الكتاب الثاني والعشرون من الموطأ في رواية يحيى بن يحيى عن مالك، في طبعة بشار عواد معروف (1997)، في المجلد الثاني: 111 نصا (2103–2213) في واحد وأربعين بابا، من الصفحة 259 إلى الصفحة 307 من ملف PDF المجلد الثاني. يبدأ بالترغيب في القضاء بالحق والشهادات واليمين مع الشاهد، ثم الدعوى والرهن والكراء والاستهلاك والردة والنسب والمنبوذ، ويختم بالمرفق والقسم والضوال والصدقة عن الميت. {cite:muwatta-maruf-1997 p.259} {cite:muwatta-maruf-1997 p.307}",
  "en": "The Book of Judgements (aqdiya), twenty-second book of the Muwatta in Yahya ibn Yahya's recension (ed. Ma'ruf 1997), in volume 2: 111 reports (2103–2213) in forty-one babs, PDF pp. 259–307 of volume 2. It opens with judging by the truth and the testimony of witnesses, judgement by oath with one witness, pledges, hire, damage, apostasy, paternity, found property, lost animals, and charity on behalf of the dead."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [],
 "regions": [],
 "periods": [],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [],
 "data": {
  "unit": "chapter",
  "work": "work/muwatta-malik",
  "ref": "kitab-22",
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "Muwatta, ed. Ma'ruf (1997), vol. 2, kitab al-aqdiya, PDF pp. 259–307",
   "generated_by": "Claude Code (claude-haiku-5-5, Claude desktop app) from the OCR pages",
   "model": "claude-haiku-5-5",
   "run": "muwatta-prose-k22-kitab"
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/muwatta-maruf-1997"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 3,
   "generated_by": "Claude Code (claude-haiku-5-5); chapter summary and prose written from the pages; draft"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "كتاب الأقضية هو الكتاب الثاني والعشرون من [[work/muwatta-malik|الموطأ]] في رواية [[person/yahya-ibn-yahya-al-laythi|يحيى بن يحيى الليثي]] عن [[person/malik-ibn-anas|مالك بن أنس]]، في طبعة بشار عواد معروف (1997)، وهو في المجلد الثاني. يشغل الصفحات 259 إلى 307 بترقيم ملف PDF، ويضم 111 نصا مرقوما (2103–2213) في واحد وأربعين بابا. يعنى بـ[[concept/qada|القضاء]] وطرق الإثبات من [[concept/shahada|الشهادة]] و[[concept/yamin|اليمين]]، وبأحكام [[concept/rahn|الرهن]] والكراء والاستهلاك والرد والنسب واللقطة. {cite:muwatta-maruf-1997 p.259} {cite:muwatta-maruf-1997 p.307}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "ما يجمعه الكتاب",
     "markdown": "- **الترغيب في القضاء بالحق والشهادات واليمين** (2103–2122): القاضي بالحق، والشهادة وشهادة المحدود، واليمين مع الشاهد الواحد وحدوده. {cite:muwatta-maruf-1997 p.259} {cite:muwatta-maruf-1997 p.267}\n- **الدعوى والشهادة في الصبيان واليمين على المنبر وغلق الرهن** (2123–2142): ما يقضى به في الدعوى، وشهادة الصبيان بين أنفسهم في الجراح، والحنث على المنبر، وأحكام الرهن. {cite:muwatta-maruf-1997 p.267} {cite:muwatta-maruf-1997 p.276}\n- **الكراء والاستهلاك والردة والنسب والمنبوذ** (2143–2160): كراء الدابة وتعديها، وإكراه النساء، واستهلاك الحيوان والطعام، وحكم المرتد، ومن وجد مع امرأته رجلا، والمنبوذ، وإلحاق الولد. {cite:muwatta-maruf-1997 p.276} {cite:muwatta-maruf-1997 p.285}\n- **النسب وأم الولد والعمارة والماء والمرفق والقسم والضوال والصدقة** (2161–2213): ميراث الولد المستلحق، وأمهات الأولاد، وإحياء الموات، والمياه، والمرفق، وقسم الأموال، والضواري، والعيوب، والنحل، والعمرى، واللقطة، والضالة، وصدقة الحي عن الميت. {cite:muwatta-maruf-1997 p.285} {cite:muwatta-maruf-1997 p.307}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "طريقة مالك في الكتاب",
     "markdown": "يحكم مالك بما عليه أهل المدينة، ويقول «الأمر عندنا» و«السنة» عند الحاجة إلى الحكم، ويرد ما اختلف فيه القاضي والمتخاصمان إلى البينة واليمين، ويفرق بين ما يثبت بالشاهد واليمين وما لا يثبت إلا برجلين. {cite:muwatta-maruf-1997 p.267} {cite:muwatta-maruf-1997 p.264}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "حواشي المحقق",
     "markdown": "ينقل المحقق قول ابن عبد البر في اتصال حديث الشفعة وإرساله، وفي حديث «المستكرهة»، وفي حديث الشاهد واليمين. وينبه إلى أن كثيرا من أحاديث الكتاب مرسلة عند رواة الموطأ، ويرجح أكثر ذلك. {cite:muwatta-maruf-1997 p.264} {cite:muwatta-maruf-1997 p.278}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "موضعه في المتحف",
     "markdown": "لكل نص من نصوص الكتاب سجل خاص يذكر راويه الأعلى وبابه، ويعطي خلاصة الخبر بألفاظ المتحف، وينقل تخريج المحقق حيث يلزم. انظر [[concept/qada|القضاء]] لمواضع الأحكام في الكتاب. {cite:muwatta-maruf-1997 p.259}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "passage/muwatta-kitab-22-aqdiya",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-15"
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Overview",
     "markdown": "The Book of Judgments (Aqdiya) is the twenty-second book of the [[work/muwatta-malik|Muwatta]] in the transmission of [[person/yahya-ibn-yahya-al-laythi|Yahya ibn Yahya al-Laythi]] from [[person/malik-ibn-anas|Malik ibn Anas]], in the edition of Bashshar Awwad Ma'ruf (1997), in the second volume. It occupies pages 259 to 307 in the PDF pagination, and contains 111 numbered texts (2103–2213) in forty-one chapters. It concerns [[concept/qada|judgment]] and the means of proof: [[concept/shahada|testimony]] and [[concept/yamin|oath]], and the rulings on [[concept/rahn|pledge]], hire, destruction of property, restitution, paternity and lost property. {cite:muwatta-maruf-1997 p.259} {cite:muwatta-maruf-1997 p.307}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "What the book gathers",
     "markdown": "- **Encouragement to judge by the truth, and on testimony and oath** (2103–2122): the judge who rules by the truth, testimony and the testimony of one who has been punished for false accusation, and the oath with a single witness and its limits. {cite:muwatta-maruf-1997 p.259} {cite:muwatta-maruf-1997 p.267}\n- **Claims, testimony of children, oaths on the pulpit and the closing of a pledge** (2123–2142): what is judged in a claim, the testimony of children among themselves in wounds, breaking an oath on the pulpit, and rulings on pledges. {cite:muwatta-maruf-1997 p.267} {cite:muwatta-maruf-1997 p.276}\n- **Hire, destruction, apostasy, paternity and the outcast** (2143–2160): hiring a riding animal and misusing it, compelling women, the destruction of animals and food, the ruling on an apostate, on a man found with his wife by another man, on the outcast, and on the attribution of a child. {cite:muwatta-maruf-1997 p.276} {cite:muwatta-maruf-1997 p.285}\n- **Paternity, the umm walad, cultivation, water, shared use, division, strays and charity** (2161–2213): inheritance of a child acknowledged later, umm walad, reviving dead land, water, shared use, division of property, wild animals, defects, bee-hive honey, life gifts (umra), lost property, strayed animals, and a living person's charity on behalf of the dead. {cite:muwatta-maruf-1997 p.285} {cite:muwatta-maruf-1997 p.307}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Malik's method in the book",
     "markdown": "Malik rules by what the people of Medina practised, says \"the matter with us\" and \"the Sunna\" where a ruling is needed, returns disputes that the judge and the litigants cannot settle to evidence and oath, and distinguishes what is proved by one witness with an oath from what is proved only by two men. {cite:muwatta-maruf-1997 p.267} {cite:muwatta-maruf-1997 p.264}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "The editor's notes",
     "markdown": "The editor quotes Ibn Abd al-Barr on whether the hadith of pre-emption is connected or cut off, on the hadith of the woman who was forced, and on the hadith of the single witness with an oath. He points out that many hadiths of the book are cut off in the transmissions of the Muwatta, and prefers most of these cases. {cite:muwatta-maruf-1997 p.264} {cite:muwatta-maruf-1997 p.278}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Its place in the museum",
     "markdown": "Each text of the book has its own record. It names the highest narrator and the chapter, gives the substance of the report in the museum's own wording, and records the editor's takhrij where it is needed. See [[concept/qada|Judgment]] for the places where its rulings appear in the book. {cite:muwatta-maruf-1997 p.259}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "passage/muwatta-kitab-22-aqdiya",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation"
    ]
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-16"
  },
  "ur": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "کتاب الأقضیۃ [[work/muwatta-malik|الموطأ]] کی بائیسویں کتاب ہے، جو [[person/yahya-ibn-yahya-al-laythi|يحيى بن يحيى الليثي]] کی روایت سے [[person/malik-ibn-anas|مالك بن أنس]] سے ہے، بشار عواد معروف کی طبع (1997) میں، اور یہ دوسری جلد میں ہے۔ یہ پی ڈی ایف شمار کے صفحات 259 سے 307 تک ہے، اور اکتالیس ابواب میں 111 شمار شدہ نصوص (2103–2213) رکھتی ہے۔ اس کا تعلق [[concept/qada|قضاء]] اور ثبوت کے طریقوں سے ہے: [[concept/shahada|گواہی]] اور [[concept/yamin|قسم]]، اور [[concept/rahn|رہن]]، کرائے، تلف کرنے، واپسی، نسب اور لقطہ کے احکام۔ {cite:muwatta-maruf-1997 p.259} {cite:muwatta-maruf-1997 p.307}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "ما يجمعه الكتاب",
     "markdown": "- **الترغيب في القضاء بالحق والشهادات واليمين** (2103–2122): حق کے ساتھ فیصلہ کرنا، گواہی اور محدود کی گواہی، اور ایک گواہ کے ساتھ قسم اور اس کی حدود۔ {cite:muwatta-maruf-1997 p.259} {cite:muwatta-maruf-1997 p.267}\n- **الدعوى والشهادة في الصبيان واليمين على المنبر وغلق الرهن** (2123–2142): دعوے میں کیا فیصلہ کیا جائے، بچوں کی آپس میں زخم کے بارے میں گواہی، منبر پر قسم توڑنا، اور رہن کے احکام۔ {cite:muwatta-maruf-1997 p.267} {cite:muwatta-maruf-1997 p.276}\n- **الكراء والاستهلاك والردة والنسب والمنبوذ** (2143–2160): سواری کا کرایہ اور اس میں زیادتی، عورتوں پر جبر، جانور اور کھانے کو تلف کرنا، مرتد کا حکم، جو اپنی بیوی کے ساتھ کسی مرد کو پائے، منبوذ، اور اولاد کو نسب سے ملانا۔ {cite:muwatta-maruf-1997 p.276} {cite:muwatta-maruf-1997 p.285}\n- **النسب وأم الولد والعمارة والماء والمرفق والقسم والضوال والصدقة** (2161–2213): مستلحق بچے کی میراث، ام الولد، مردہ زمین کو آباد کرنا، پانی، مرافق، مال کی تقسیم، گمشدہ جانور، عیوب، نحل، عمریٰ، لقطہ، گمشدہ چیز، اور زندہ کا میت کی طرف سے صدقہ۔ {cite:muwatta-maruf-1997 p.285} {cite:muwatta-maruf-1997 p.307}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "طريقة مالك في الكتاب",
     "markdown": "مالک وہی فیصلہ کرتے ہیں جس پر اہل مدینہ کا عمل ہے، جب فیصلے کی ضرورت ہو تو «الأمر عندنا» اور «السنة» کہتے ہیں، قاضی اور فریقین کا اختلاف گواہی اور قسم کی طرف لوٹاتے ہیں، اور اس میں فرق کرتے ہیں کہ کیا گواہی اور قسم سے ثابت ہوتا ہے اور کیا صرف دو مردوں سے۔ {cite:muwatta-maruf-1997 p.267} {cite:muwatta-maruf-1997 p.264}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "حواشي المحقق",
     "markdown": "محقق ابن عبدالبر کا کلام نقل کرتے ہیں کہ شفعہ کی حدیث کا اتصال اور ارسال، «المستکرہۃ» کی حدیث، اور گواہ اور قسم کی حدیث میں۔ اور متنبہ کرتے ہیں کہ کتاب کی بہت سی احادیث موطأ کے راویوں کے ہاں مرسل ہیں، اور ان میں سے اکثر کو ترجیح دیتے ہیں۔ {cite:muwatta-maruf-1997 p.264} {cite:muwatta-maruf-1997 p.278}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "موضعه في المتحف",
     "markdown": "کتاب کے ہر نص کا ایک خاص سجل ہے جو اس کے اعلیٰ راوی اور باب کا نام لیتا ہے، خبر کا خلاصہ متحف کے الفاظ میں دیتا ہے، اور جہاں لازم ہو محقق کی تخریج نقل کرتا ہے۔ احکام کے مواضع کے لیے دیکھیے [[concept/qada|قضاء]]۔ {cite:muwatta-maruf-1997 p.259}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "passage/muwatta-kitab-22-aqdiya",
    "lang": "ur",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation"
    ]
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-17"
  }
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