{
 "id": "person/abdul-hamid-khan-bhashani",
 "class": "person",
 "slug": "abdul-hamid-khan-bhashani",
 "label": {
  "ar": "عبد الحميد خان بهشاني",
  "en": "Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani",
  "ur": "عبد الحمید خان بھاشانی"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "زعيم فلاحي وسياسي بنغلاديشي (1880–1976)، يُعرف بالمولانا الأحمر، تتلمذ على البير سيد ناصر الدين البغدادي ودرس في ديوبند، وقاد حركات الفلاحين في آسام والبنغال، وأسس رابطة مسلمي عوامي سنة 1949 وحزب عوامي الوطني سنة 1957، وبقي مرجعًا للمعارضة اليسارية والإسلامية الشعبية حتى وفاته في دكا في 17 نوفمبر 1976.",
  "en": "Bangladeshi peasant leader and politician (1880–1976), known as the Red Maulana, who was taken as a disciple by the pir Sayyid Nasir al-Din al-Baghdadi and studied at Deoband, led peasant movements in Assam and Bengal, founded the Awami Muslim League in 1949 and the National Awami Party in 1957, and remained a reference point for leftist and populist-Islamic opposition until his death at Dhaka on 17 November 1976.",
  "ur": "بنگلہ دیشی کسان رہنما اور سیاست دان (1880ء–1976ء)، «سرخ مولانا» کے نام سے مشہور، پیر سید ناصر الدین بغدادی کے مرید بنے اور دیوبند میں تعلیم پائی، آسام اور بنگال میں کسان تحریکوں کی قیادت کی، 1949ء میں عوامی مسلم لیگ اور 1957ء میں نیشنل عوامی پارٹی کی بنیاد رکھی اور 17 نومبر 1976ء کو ڈھاکہ میں وفات تک بائیں بازو اور عوامی اسلامی اپوزیشن کا مرکز رہے۔"
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "people"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "south-asia"
 ],
 "periods": [],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 1880.9468366906917,
  "latest": 1976.8803603085305
 },
 "display": {
  "start": {
   "edtf": "1880-12-12",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "debated",
   "derived": false,
   "note": "Born at Dhangara village, Sirajganj District, Bengal Presidency; the English article's lead and Wikidata give 12 December 1880, which is followed. The same article's early-life text records the birth year as disputed between 1880 and 1885, with his biographer Syed Abul Maksud's best estimate 1885; the variant is preserved here rather than suppressed. No Hijri pairing is given in any source, so none is recorded. No place entity exists for Dhangara or Sirajganj, so no born_in relation is written.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-abdul-hamid-khan-bhashani-en",
    "source/wikidata-abdul-hamid-khan-bhashani",
    "source/banglapedia-abdul-hamid-khan-bhashani"
   ]
  },
  "end": {
   "edtf": "1976-11-17",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": false,
   "note": "Died at Dhaka on 17 November 1976, as the English article, Banglapedia and Wikidata agree; he was buried at Santosh, Tangail, where his shrine and the Islamic University he founded stand. No place entity exists for Santosh, so no buried_in relation is written.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-abdul-hamid-khan-bhashani-en",
    "source/banglapedia-abdul-hamid-khan-bhashani",
    "source/wikidata-abdul-hamid-khan-bhashani"
   ]
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "names": [
   {
    "value": "Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani",
    "kind": "full"
   },
   {
    "value": "মওলানা আবদুল হামিদ খান ভাসানী",
    "kind": "full"
   },
   {
    "value": "عبد الحميد خان بهشاني",
    "kind": "full"
   },
   {
    "value": "عبد الحمید خان بھاشانی",
    "kind": "full"
   },
   {
    "value": "Maulana Bhashani",
    "kind": "alternate"
   }
  ],
  "gender": "male",
  "born": {
   "edtf": "1880-12-12",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "debated",
   "derived": false,
   "note": "Born at Dhangara village, Sirajganj District, Bengal Presidency; the English article's lead and Wikidata give 12 December 1880, which is followed. The same article's early-life text records the birth year as disputed between 1880 and 1885, with his biographer Syed Abul Maksud's best estimate 1885; the variant is preserved here rather than suppressed. No Hijri pairing is given in any source, so none is recorded. No place entity exists for Dhangara or Sirajganj, so no born_in relation is written.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-abdul-hamid-khan-bhashani-en",
    "source/wikidata-abdul-hamid-khan-bhashani",
    "source/banglapedia-abdul-hamid-khan-bhashani"
   ]
  },
  "died": {
   "edtf": "1976-11-17",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": false,
   "note": "Died at Dhaka on 17 November 1976, as the English article, Banglapedia and Wikidata agree; he was buried at Santosh, Tangail, where his shrine and the Islamic University he founded stand. No place entity exists for Santosh, so no buried_in relation is written.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-abdul-hamid-khan-bhashani-en",
    "source/banglapedia-abdul-hamid-khan-bhashani",
    "source/wikidata-abdul-hamid-khan-bhashani"
   ]
  },
  "roles": [
   "politician",
   "activist"
  ],
  "faith": [
   {
    "value": "unknown",
    "basis": "unknown",
    "note": "FLAGGED: one text family attests a Sufi discipleship and one infobox names a school; no second independent source exists. The English article's TEXT records that the pir Sayyid Nasir al-Din al-Baghdadi took him as a disciple (talib-e-ilm) in 1904, taught him Qur'an, Hadith and Fiqh, and sent him to Deoband (1907–1909), and that he himself gained pir status in his Assam years. That is a documented personal Sufi affiliation — but it stands in ONE article's text. The same article's religious-life infobox gives Islam / Sunni / Hanafi / Deobandi, structured values of the same single family. Banglapedia's independent scholarly entry, read in full, contains no discipleship, pir-status or school attestation at all; the Arabic article gives his Deoband study (formation, which never counts); the Urdu article contributes only category filings ('Sunni Muslim personalities'), which never attest; Wikidata gives Islam generically. Under the founder's two-text rule the sufi and sunni-hanafi readings therefore stay unrecorded and are preserved here in full for a founder ruling: a ruling that one such text suffices would settle sufi/documented on this article's discipleship account. His leftist politics do not engage the atheist bar — political communism is not self-identified atheism.",
    "sources": [
     "source/wikipedia-abdul-hamid-khan-bhashani-en",
     "source/banglapedia-abdul-hamid-khan-bhashani",
     "source/wikipedia-abdul-hamid-khan-bhashani-ar",
     "source/wikipedia-abdul-hamid-khan-bhashani-ur",
     "source/wikidata-abdul-hamid-khan-bhashani"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "external_ids": {
   "wikidata": "Q70813"
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/wikipedia-abdul-hamid-khan-bhashani-en",
   "source/wikipedia-abdul-hamid-khan-bhashani-ar",
   "source/wikipedia-abdul-hamid-khan-bhashani-ur",
   "source/wikidata-abdul-hamid-khan-bhashani",
   "source/banglapedia-abdul-hamid-khan-bhashani"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "published"
  },
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "Built 27 October 2026 for wave 114 §A of the century-additions queue (queue line 623, 'Maulana Bhashani (1880–1976)', verified against the queue copy in the fix clone) from the English Wikipedia article and the Banglapedia entry read in full and the Arabic and Urdu articles and Wikidata item Q70813 read on 27 October 2026, each checked against its recorded revision. IDENTITY: pinned by biography to the peasant leader born at Dhangara and buried at Santosh, founder of the Awami Muslim League and the National Awami Party; the English article is titled by his full name and is reached by redirect from 'Maulana Bhashani'. EXISTENCE: checked three ways before building — name-fragment greps (bhashani, bhasani, vashani) across all of data/person/ returned mentions in other records but no person file for him; his Wikidata QID Q70813, grounded through the article's page properties, was grepped across all data/person/ files with no match; and the biography matches no existing record. His faith is unknown FLAGGED on the one-text discipleship configuration set out in the faith note. RELATIONS: one died_in to Dhaka is written; no buried_in is written because Santosh has no museum place entity, and no student_of edge is written because Sayyid Nasir al-Din al-Baghdadi and Hussain Ahmad Madani have no museum person records.",
   "generated_by": "Muse (Muse Spark 1.3)",
   "run": "century-additions-114"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "عبد الحميد خان بهشاني (1880–1976) زعيم فلاحي وسياسي بنغلاديشي، مؤسس رابطة مسلمي عوامي سنة 1949 وحزب عوامي الوطني سنة 1957، وأبرز صوت لفقراء ريف البنغال لعقود. لقّبه أتباعه والصحافة بالمولانا الأحمر، جمعًا بين مكانته الدينية وسياسته اليسارية. {cite:wikipedia-abdul-hamid-khan-bhashani-en} {cite:banglapedia-abdul-hamid-khan-bhashani}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "نشأته وتكوينه الديني",
     "markdown": "وُلد بهشاني في قرية دانغارا بمقاطعة سيراجغانج؛ والتاريخ المتبع لمولده هو 12 ديسمبر 1880، مع أن سنة ميلاده مختلف فيها بين 1880 و1885، وتقدير مؤرخ سيرته سيد أبو المقصود أنها 1885. وفي سنة 1904 أخذه البير سيد ناصر الدين البغدادي طالبَ علمٍ عنده فعلّمه القرآن والحديث والفقه، ثم أرسله إلى ديوبند فدرس فيها من 1907 إلى 1909 على حسين أحمد مدني وغيره. وفي سنواته في آسام بلغ هو نفسه مقام البير واجتمع حوله المريدون. {cite:wikipedia-abdul-hamid-khan-bhashani-en}\n\nوما تشهد به المصادر في دينه مبسوط في سجل بياناته: فنص التلمذة قائم في متن مقالة واحدة، ومدخل بنغلابيديا العلمي عنه لا يحمل أي شهادة تلمذة أو مذهب، ولذلك لا يُسجَّل له مذهب. {cite:banglapedia-abdul-hamid-khan-bhashani}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "سياسة الفلاحين",
     "markdown": "عاد بهشاني إلى البنغال فانخرط في حركتي الخلافة وعدم التعاون وسُجن مرارًا. وفي آسام نظّم الفلاحين المسلمين ضد نظام الخط الذي حرمهم الأرض، وأسكن أتباعه في بهاسان جار التي اشتق منها لقبه بهشاني. وقاد مسلمي آسام في حملة استفتاء سلهت سنة 1947، وجلس بعد التقسيم مدة قصيرة في جمعية البنغال الشرقية. {cite:wikipedia-abdul-hamid-khan-bhashani-en} {cite:wikipedia-abdul-hamid-khan-bhashani-ar}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "تأسيس الأحزاب",
     "markdown": "أسس سنة 1949 رابطة مسلمي عوامي، الحزب الذي تنحدر منه تقاليد الحكم في بنغلاديش، وكان أول رئيس لها. ثم انفصل سنة 1957 بعد مؤتمر كاغماري فأسس حزب عوامي الوطني، أبرز معارضة يسارية في سنوات باكستان. وأيّد حرب التحرير سنة 1971 من منفاه في الهند، وبقي بعد الاستقلال شيخًا للمعارضة، فأسس جماعة حكومة الربانية سنة 1974 ومنظمة خداي خيدمتغار سنة 1976. {cite:wikipedia-abdul-hamid-khan-bhashani-en} {cite:banglapedia-abdul-hamid-khan-bhashani}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "وفاته",
     "markdown": "توفي بهشاني في دكا في 17 نوفمبر 1976 ودُفن في سانتوش بتنغايل، بجوار الجامعة الإسلامية التي أسسها هناك؛ وبقي مقامه في سانتوش ملتقى لأتباعه. {cite:wikipedia-abdul-hamid-khan-bhashani-en} {cite:banglapedia-abdul-hamid-khan-bhashani}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/abdul-hamid-khan-bhashani",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-27"
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Summary",
     "markdown": "Abdul Hamid Khan Bhashani (1880–1976) was a Bangladeshi peasant leader and politician, founder of the Awami Muslim League in 1949 and of the National Awami Party in 1957, and for decades the most prominent voice of Bengal's rural poor. Followers and press alike called him the Red Maulana, joining his religious standing to his leftist politics. {cite:wikipedia-abdul-hamid-khan-bhashani-en} {cite:banglapedia-abdul-hamid-khan-bhashani}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Early life and religious formation",
     "markdown": "Bhashani was born at Dhangara village in Sirajganj District; the followed date is 12 December 1880, though his birth year is disputed between 1880 and 1885, with his biographer Syed Abul Maksud's best estimate at 1885. In 1904 the pir Sayyid Nasir al-Din al-Baghdadi took him as a disciple and taught him Qur'an, Hadith and Fiqh, then sent him to Deoband, where he studied from 1907 to 1909 under Hussain Ahmad Madani among others. In his Assam years he himself gained standing as a pir with disciples. {cite:wikipedia-abdul-hamid-khan-bhashani-en}\n\nWhat the sources attest about his religion is set out in his data record: the discipleship account stands in one article's text, and the scholarly Banglapedia entry on him contains no discipleship or school attestation, so no school is recorded for him. {cite:banglapedia-abdul-hamid-khan-bhashani}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Peasant politics",
     "markdown": "Returning to Bengal, Bhashani threw himself into the Khilafat and Non-cooperation movements and was repeatedly jailed. In Assam he organised Muslim peasants against the Line System that fenced them out of land, settling followers at Bhasan Char, from which his name Bhashani derives. He led Assam's Muslims in the Sylhet referendum campaign of 1947 and, after Partition, briefly sat in the East Bengal assembly. {cite:wikipedia-abdul-hamid-khan-bhashani-en} {cite:wikipedia-abdul-hamid-khan-bhashani-ar}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Party founder",
     "markdown": "In 1949 he founded the Awami Muslim League, the party from which Bangladesh's ruling tradition descends, and was its first president. Breaking away in 1957 after the Kagmari conference, he founded the National Awami Party, the main leftist opposition of the Pakistan years. He backed the war of liberation in 1971 from exile in India, and after independence remained an opposition elder, founding the Hukumat-e-Rabbania Society in 1974 and the Khodai Khidmatgar organisation in 1976. {cite:wikipedia-abdul-hamid-khan-bhashani-en} {cite:banglapedia-abdul-hamid-khan-bhashani}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Death",
     "markdown": "Bhashani died at Dhaka on 17 November 1976 and was buried at Santosh, Tangail, beside the Islamic University he had founded there; his shrine at Santosh remains a place of gathering for his followers. {cite:wikipedia-abdul-hamid-khan-bhashani-en} {cite:banglapedia-abdul-hamid-khan-bhashani}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/abdul-hamid-khan-bhashani",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-27"
  },
  "ur": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "خلاصہ",
     "markdown": "عبد الحمید خان بھاشانی (1880ء–1976ء) بنگلہ دیشی کسان رہنما اور سیاست دان تھے، 1949ء میں عوامی مسلم لیگ اور 1957ء میں نیشنل عوامی پارٹی کے بانی، اور دہائیوں تک بنگال کے دیہی غریبوں کی نمایاں ترین آواز۔ ان کے پیروکاروں اور صحافت نے انہیں «سرخ مولانا» کہا، جس میں ان کی دینی حیثیت اور بائیں بازو کی سیاست جمع تھی۔ {cite:wikipedia-abdul-hamid-khan-bhashani-en} {cite:banglapedia-abdul-hamid-khan-bhashani}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "ابتدائی زندگی اور دینی تربیت",
     "markdown": "بھاشانی ضلع سراج گنج کے گاؤں دھان گارا میں پیدا ہوئے؛ ان کی تاریخِ پیدائش 12 دسمبر 1880ء مانی جاتی ہے، اگرچہ سالِ پیدائش 1880ء اور 1885ء کے درمیان متنازع ہے اور ان کے سوانح نگار سید ابو المقصود کا بہترین اندازہ 1885ء ہے۔ 1904ء میں پیر سید ناصر الدین بغدادی نے انہیں اپنا طالبِ علم بنایا اور قرآن، حدیث و فقہ کی تعلیم دی، پھر دیوبند بھیجا جہاں انہوں نے 1907ء سے 1909ء تک حسین احمد مدنی وغیرہ سے پڑھا۔ آسام کے برسوں میں وہ خود پیر کی حیثیت پا گئے اور ان کے مرید بنے۔ {cite:wikipedia-abdul-hamid-khan-bhashani-en}\n\nان کے دین کے بارے میں ذرائع کی شہادت ان کے ڈیٹا ریکارڈ میں درج ہے: مریدی کا بیان ایک ہی مضمون کے متن میں ہے اور بنگلہ پیڈیا کے علمی مدخل میں مریدی یا مذہب کی کوئی شہادت نہیں، اس لیے ان کے لیے کوئی مذہب درج نہیں کیا گیا۔ {cite:banglapedia-abdul-hamid-khan-bhashani}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "کسان سیاست",
     "markdown": "بنگال لوٹ کر بھاشانی خلافت اور تحریکِ عدم تعاون میں شامل ہوئے اور بار بار قید ہوئے۔ آسام میں انہوں نے مسلمان کسانوں کو اس لائن سسٹم کے خلاف منظم کیا جو انہیں زمین سے محروم رکھتا تھا، اور اپنے پیروکاروں کو بھاسن چار میں بسایا جس سے ان کا نام بھاشانی پڑا۔ 1947ء کے سلہٹ ریفرنڈم میں آسام کے مسلمانوں کی قیادت کی اور تقسیم کے بعد مختصر مدت کے لیے مشرقی بنگال اسمبلی کے رکن رہے۔ {cite:wikipedia-abdul-hamid-khan-bhashani-en} {cite:wikipedia-abdul-hamid-khan-bhashani-ar}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "جماعت سازی",
     "markdown": "1949ء میں انہوں نے عوامی مسلم لیگ کی بنیاد رکھی، وہی جماعت جس سے بنگلہ دیش کی حکمران روایت نکلی، اور اس کے پہلے صدر بنے۔ 1957ء میں کاگماری کانفرنس کے بعد الگ ہو کر نیشنل عوامی پارٹی بنائی جو پاکستان کے برسوں کی اہم بائیں بازو کی اپوزیشن تھی۔ 1971ء کی جنگِ آزادی کی بھارت میں جلاوطنی سے حمایت کی اور آزادی کے بعد اپوزیشن کے بزرگ رہے، 1974ء میں حکومتِ ربانیہ سوسائٹی اور 1976ء میں خدائی خدمتگار تنظیم بنائی۔ {cite:wikipedia-abdul-hamid-khan-bhashani-en} {cite:banglapedia-abdul-hamid-khan-bhashani}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "وفات",
     "markdown": "بھاشانی 17 نومبر 1976ء کو ڈھاکہ میں وفات پا گئے اور ٹانگائل کے سنتوش میں دفن ہوئے، جہاں ان کی قائم کردہ اسلامی یونیورسٹی ہے؛ سنتوش میں ان کا مزار ان کے پیروکاروں کا مرکز ہے۔ {cite:wikipedia-abdul-hamid-khan-bhashani-en} {cite:banglapedia-abdul-hamid-khan-bhashani}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/abdul-hamid-khan-bhashani",
    "lang": "ur",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-27"
  }
 },
 "degree": 2,
 "contemporaries": [
  "person/mohamed-salah-ben-mrad",
  "person/muhammad-al-tahir-ibn-ashur",
  "person/alauddin-khan",
  "person/uzair-gul-peshawari",
  "person/hassan-taqizadeh",
  "person/sefika-gasprinskaya",
  "person/sati-al-husri",
  "person/idris-senussi",
  "person/abdul-majid-sindhi",
  "person/ali-al-mirghani",
  "person/fawzi-al-qawuqji",
  "person/khan-abdul-ghaffar-khan"
 ],
 "updated": "2026-10-27",
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "place/dhaka",
   "type": "died_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "note": "Died at Dhaka on 17 November 1976, as the English article, Banglapedia and Wikidata agree.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-abdul-hamid-khan-bhashani-en",
    "source/banglapedia-abdul-hamid-khan-bhashani"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "person/a-k-fazlul-huq",
  "person/fazle-hasan-abed",
  "person/fazlur-rahman-khan",
  "person/huseyn-shaheed-suhrawardy",
  "person/hussain-muhammad-ershad",
  "person/iajuddin-ahmed",
  "person/jamilur-reza-choudhury",
  "person/kamal-hossain"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}