{ "id": "person/aisha", "class": "person", "slug": "aisha", "label": { "en": "Aisha bint Abi Bakr", "ar": "عائشة بنت أبي بكر" }, "summary": { "en": "A wife of the Prophet and daughter of Abu Bakr; one of the most prolific transmitters of hadith in Sunni tradition, whose role is viewed differently across the traditions.", "ar": "زوجة النبي وابنة أبي بكر، من أكثر الرواة حديثًا في التقليد السني، ويُنظر إلى دورها بصورة مختلفة بين التقاليد. وعند البخاري أثبت النبي فضلها في قالب النساءات: «وإن فضل عائشة على النساء كفضل الثريد على سائر الطعام» في حديث كمال آسية ومريم {cite:sahih-al-bukhari 3411}، وفي مسلم روايتها لقصة الإفك كاملة ضمن حديث أم زرع {cite:sahih-muslim 2770}، وروايتها لحديث الكساء عند نزول آية التطهير {cite:sahih-muslim 2424}." }, "stub": false, "wings": [ "people" ], "regions": [ "arabia" ], "periods": [ "period/prophetic-era", "period/rashidun" ], "tags": [], "aliases": [], "themes": [ "women", "scripture-and-its-sciences", "factions-splits-schisms" ], "span": { "earliest": 613.000198498258, "latest": 678.5812850366221 }, "display": { "start": { "edtf": "0613~", "calendar": "julian", "precision": "year", "status": "debated", "note": "Traditional reports place her birth about 613–614 CE; some modern writers argue for an earlier date. Recorded as debated.", "sources": [ "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley", "source/watt-1956-medina" ] }, "end": { "edtf": "0678-07", "hijri": "0058-09", "calendar": "julian", "precision": "month", "status": "tradition", "note": "Traditionally 17 Ramadan 58 AH (about July 678 CE).", "sources": [ "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley" ] } }, "data": { "names": [ { "kind": "full", "lang": "ar", "value": "عائشة بنت أبي بكر الصديق" }, { "kind": "laqab", "lang": "ar-Latn", "value": "Umm al-Mu'minin (Mother of the Believers)" } ], "gender": "female", "born": { "edtf": "0613~", "calendar": "julian", "precision": "year", "status": "debated", "note": "Traditional reports place her birth about 613–614 CE; some modern writers argue for an earlier date. Recorded as debated.", "sources": [ "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley", "source/watt-1956-medina" ] }, "died": { "edtf": "0678-07", "hijri": "0058-09", "calendar": "julian", "precision": "month", "status": "tradition", "note": "Traditionally 17 Ramadan 58 AH (about July 678 CE).", "sources": [ "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley" ] }, "roles": [ "companion", "scholar" ], "traditions": [ "sunni" ], "story_roles": [ { "role": "family-of-the-prophet", "start": { "edtf": "0623~" }, "end": { "edtf": "0632" }, "status": "tradition", "sources": [ "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley" ] }, { "role": "companion", "start": { "edtf": "0623~" }, "status": "tradition", "sources": [ "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley" ] }, { "role": "transmitter", "start": { "edtf": "0632~" }, "status": "historical", "note": "One of the most frequently cited narrators in the Sunni hadith collections.", "sources": [ "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley", "source/watt-1956-medina" ] } ], "faith": [ { "value": "sunni", "basis": "tradition", "note": "Early Muslim; recorded under the museum's Sunni frame (docs/scope.md). She predates the Sunni-Shia division." } ], "issue": { "ar": "كيف تُنظر مكانة عائشة ودورها في التقاليد المختلفة؟", "en": "How are Aisha's standing and role viewed in the different traditions?" }, "perspectives": [ { "tradition": "sunni", "id": "sunni", "summary": { "en": "Sunni tradition honors Aisha as Mother of the Believers, a beloved wife of the Prophet and one of the most important narrators of hadith, whose knowledge shaped early law and practice.", "ar": "تُجِلّها السنة أمًّا للمؤمنين، وزوجة النبي المحبوبة، ومن أهم رواة الحديث، وكان لفقهها أثر في عمل الجماعة." }, "sources": [ "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley" ] }, { "tradition": "academic", "id": "academic", "summary": { "en": "Historians treat the reports about her age and marriage cautiously as later tradition, while recognizing her as a major early authority for hadith and for the politics of the first civil war.", "ar": "يتعامل المؤرخون مع الروايات في سنها وزواجها بحذر بوصفها من الأخبار المتأخرة، مع اعترافهم بمكانتها المرجعية في الحديث وبدورها في الفتنة الأولى." }, "sources": [ "source/watt-1956-medina" ] }, { "tradition": "shia-twelver", "id": "shia-twelver", "summary": { "en": "Twelver Shia tradition is critical of Aisha chiefly for leading the forces that fought Ali at the Battle of the Camel, while still acknowledging her place among the Prophet's wives.", "ar": "ينتقدها التراث الإمامي خصوصًا لقيادتها الجيش الذي حارب عليًّا يوم الجمل، مع إقراره بمقامها بين أزواج النبي." }, "sources": [ "source/momen-1985" ] } ], "sensitivity": "contested", "provenance": { "layer": "own-research", "source": "Encyclopaedia of Islam, 2nd ed. (Brill), vol. 1, PDF pp. 329-330, article 'Aisha bint Abi Bakr' signed Ch. Pellat (EI2 enrichment, batch ei2-b003 part 3cs); earlier sources as listed in sources", "generated_by": "Claude Code (claude-haiku-5-5)" }, "external_ids": { "wikidata": "Q4730963" }, "sources": [ "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley", "source/watt-1956-medina", "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq", "source/nisa-hawl-alrasul", "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa", "source/sahih-al-bukhari", "source/sahih-muslim", "source/nisaa-annabi-aisha-qadi", "source/encyclopaedia-of-islam-2" ], "education": { "did_you_know": { "ar": "رُوي عن عائشة أكثر من ألفي حديث، وكان الصحابة إذا أشكل عليهم الأمر سألوها عن دقائق الدين.", "en": "More than two thousand hadiths are narrated from Aisha; the Companions asked her about the finest points of the faith.", "ur": "عائشہ سے دو ہزار سے زیادہ احادیث مروی ہیں؛ صحابہ دین کے باریک مسائل ان سے پوچھتے تھے۔", "sources": [ "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley", "source/nisaa-annabi-aisha-qadi" ] }, "levels": [ "sprouts", "explorers", "scholars" ], "flagged_for_kids": true, "provenance": { "generated_by": "Devin", "model": "gemini-2.5-pro", "run": "education-E2-batch4", "note": "Leveled texts drafted from the record's own summary and prose; draft, pending the founder's review and scholar review of the child levels." } }, "status": { "review": "draft", "completeness": 2, "generated_by": "Devin; 2026-10-11" } }, "prose": { "ar": { "sections": [ { "heading": "نبذة", "markdown": "عائشة بنت أبي بكر ابنة الخليفة الأول وزوجة النبي. وتعدّ عند أهل السنة من أكبر رواة الحديث ومن أعلم نساء القرن الإسلامي الأول." }, { "heading": "الحياة", "markdown": "وُلدت بمكة نحو سنة 613–614م، وتاريخ مولدها محل خلاف. هاجرت إلى المدينة في [[event/hijra|الهجرة]] وتزوجت [[person/muhammad|محمدًا]] نحو سنة 623 {cite:watt-1956-medina}. ونشأت في بيت النبوة، وذكر معاصروها حدة ذاكرتها وذكاءها {cite:ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley}.\n\nوفي سنة 627م وقعت حادثة الإفك: تخلّفت عن الركب في الرجوع من غزوة فردّها شاب من الصحابة إلى الناس، فتحدّث الغوغاء بسوء. وتربط رواية التفسير براءتها بآيات نزلت في ذلك {cite:ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley}.\n\nتُوفي عنها النبي ولها نحو ثمانية عشر عامًا، فعاشت بالمدينة نحو خمسة عقود، وروت في دواوين السنة ما يزيد على ألفي حديث، وصوّبت الصحابة في الفقه والعبادة، وكان لها موقف في الفتنة الأولى إذ قادت الحزب الذي قابل [[person/ali-ibn-abi-talib|عليًّا]] يوم الجمل سنة 656م {cite:watt-1956-medina}. وتوفيت بالمدينة في يوليو سنة 678م." }, { "heading": "الأثر", "markdown": "صوتها حاضر في فقه السنة وعقيدتها وتفسيرها؛ فمتى سألت الجماعة عما قال النبي أو فعل، كان لجواب عائشة وزن خاص." }, { "heading": "للزوار الصغار", "markdown": "كانت عائشة من أقوى ذاكرة في جيلها. كان الناس يأتون من بعيد ليسألوها عما قاله النبي وفعله، وكانت إجاباتها مما كُتب به التراث." }, { "heading": "رقبة من ولد إسماعيل", "markdown": "يروي ابن إسحاق عن عاصم بن عمر بن قتادة أن عائشة قالت للنبي: إن عليّ رقبة من ولد إسماعيل، فقال لها: هذا سبي بني العنبر يقدم الآن فنعطيك منهم إنساناً فتعتقينه؛ انظر [[event/sariyya-of-uyayna-to-banu-tamim|غزوة بني العنبر]]. {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/269}" }, { "heading": "زواجها (الرحيق المختوم ص136)", "markdown": "تزوجها النبي في شوال من السنة الحادية عشرة من البعثة وهي بنت ست سنين، وبنى بها بالمدينة في شوال من السنة الأولى من الهجرة وهي بنت تسع سنين {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.136} {cite:sahih-al-bukhari 1/551}." }, { "heading": "للبراعم", "markdown": "أم المؤمنين عائشة، كانت عالمة ذكية ومعلمة كريمة علّمت الناس القرآن وسنة النبي بحكمة ومحبة." }, { "heading": "للمستكشفين", "markdown": "عائشة بنت أبي بكر الصديق، أم المؤمنين وزوجة النبي، من أعظم نساء الإسلام علمًا وفهمًا. تميزت بذكاء حاد وحفظ واسع، وكانت مرجعًا لكبار الصحابة في تفسير القرآن وأحكام الفقه والطب واللغة والشعر، وروت مئات الأحاديث التي نقلت تفاصيل حياة النبي وهديه في بيته ومع أسرته." }, { "heading": "للدارسين", "markdown": "أم المؤمنين عائشة بنت أبي بكر الصديق التيمية القرشية (نحو 9 ق.هـ – 58هـ / 613–678م)، أفقه نساء الأمة وإحدى كبار فقهاء الصحابة والمكثرين من رواية الحديث الشريف. نشأت في بيت الصديق وتزوجها النبي بالمدينة، فكانت أحب أزواجه إليه وأكثرهن ملازمة له ونقلاً لسيرته الخاصة وهديه في العبادة والمعاملة الأسرية. كانت مرجعاً علمياً وقضائياً بارزاً يستفتيها كبار الصحابة في المواريث والفرائض والطب والأدب وتصويب الروايات (كما في استدراكاتها المشهورة)، وتخرج على يديها كبار التابعين كعروة بن الزبير والقاسم بن محمد." }, { "heading": "حساب موسوعة الإسلام", "markdown": "تصف مقالة موسوعة الإسلام (الطبعة الثانية)، وقد وقعها ش. بيلا، عائشة بأنها الزوجة الثالثة والمفضلة لدى النبي، وُلدت بمكة نحو 614م، بنت أبي بكر وأم رومان من كنانة. وتذكر أن الخطبة جرت عن طريق خولة بنت حكيم زوجة عثمان بن مظعون بعد وفاة خديجة، وأن خطبتها السابقة لجبير بن مطعم نُقضت، ودخل بها بعد الهجرة بأشهر وهي في التاسعة تقريبًا. وتنبه المقالة إلى أن زيجات النبي كانت ذات أغراض سياسية، وأن هذه الزيجة قوّت صلته بأبي بكر. {cite:encyclopaedia-of-islam-2 vol. 1 p. 329}\n\nوفي غزوة بني المصطلق سنة 5هـ/627م تخلفت عن الركب حين ذهبت تبحث عن عقد، فرجعها صفوان بن المعطل السلمي إلى المدينة، وكان ذلك غير لائق في تلك الظروف. وضخّم الإشاعة عبد الله بن أبي زعيم المنافقين، وحين لم يُعثر على دليل قاطع نزل الوحي بما يدل على براءتها ويعاتب المتحدثين (سورة النور)، وفُضح ابن أبي علنًا. وتذكر المقالة روايات عن محبة النبي لها ومحبتها له، لكنها ترى أنها لا تدل على أنها تدخلت في السياسة أو في قرارات النبي؛ وكان بين الزوجات فريقان، بقيادة عائشة وحفصة بنت عمر تؤيدان سياسة أبويهما، وبقيادة أم سلمة، لكن الخلاف لم يكن ذا أثر سياسي يُذكر. وقامت عائشة بتمريض النبي في مرضه الأخير، ودُفن في حجرتها، ودُفن فيها أبو بكر وعمر. وصارت أرملة بلا أولاد وهي في نحو الثامنة عشرة، ولم تتزوج بعده. {cite:encyclopaedia-of-islam-2 vol. 1 p. 329}\n\nوبعد اغتيال عثمان في ذي الحجة 35هـ/يونيو 656م خرجت من المدينة إلى مكة ثم إلى البصرة بنحو ألف من قريش، مدعية الأخذ بثأر عثمان، ومعها طلحة والزبير. وفي وقعة الجمل (جمادى الآخرة 36هـ/ديسمبر 656م)، حول الجمل الذي يحمل هودجها، انتصر علي، وأُكرمت عائشة، وقُتل طلحة والزبير. ثم عاشت في المدينة نحو عشرين سنة في هدوء، وتصالحت مع علي، ولم تعارض معاوية. وتوفيت في رمضان 58هـ/يوليو 678م. وتذكر المقالة أن أكثر من ألفي حديث رُويت عنها، وأن البخاري ومسلمًا أثبتا منها عددًا أقل بكثير، وأنها عُرفت بالشعر والفصاحة والتاريخ. {cite:encyclopaedia-of-islam-2 vol. 1 p. 330}" } ], "frontmatter": { "id": "person/aisha", "lang": "ar", "source_lang": "en", "translators": [] }, "updated": "2026-10-25" }, "en": { "sections": [ { "heading": "Summary", "markdown": "Aisha bint Abi Bakr was the daughter of the first caliph and a wife of the Prophet. Sunni tradition counts her among the greatest transmitters of hadith, and among the most learned women of the first Islamic century." }, { "heading": "Life", "markdown": "She was born in Mecca around 613–614 CE, and the date of her birth is disputed. She migrated to Medina with the [[event/hijra|Hijra]], and married [[person/muhammad|Muhammad]] around 623 CE {cite:watt-1956-medina}. She grew up in the Prophet's household, and her contemporaries recorded her sharp memory and intelligence {cite:ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley}.\n\nIn 627 CE came the episode of the slander. She fell behind the caravan on the way back from a raid, and a young Companion brought her back to the people, while the rabble gossiped with malice. The tradition of tafsir links her innocence to verses revealed on that matter {cite:ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley}.\n\nThe Prophet died when she was about eighteen. She lived in Medina for nearly five decades and related more than two thousand hadith in the Sunni collections. She corrected the Companions in matters of fiqh and worship. She had a part in the first civil strife, when she led the side that met [[person/ali-ibn-abi-talib|Ali]] at the Battle of the Camel in 656 CE {cite:watt-1956-medina}. She died in Medina in July 678 CE." }, { "heading": "Legacy", "markdown": "Her voice runs through Sunni fiqh, creed and tafsir. Whenever the community asked what the Prophet had said or done, Aisha's answer carried a particular weight." }, { "heading": "For young visitors", "markdown": "Aisha had one of the strongest memories of her generation. People came from far away to ask her what the Prophet had said and done, and her answers are among the things the tradition was written down from." }, { "heading": "A slave of the descendants of Isma'il", "markdown": "Ibn Ishaq, from Asim ibn Umar ibn Qatada, relates that Aisha said to the Prophet that she owed the freeing of a slave from the descendants of Isma'il. He said to her: \"The captives of Banu al-Anbar are coming now, and we will give you one of them to free.\" See [[event/sariyya-of-uyayna-to-banu-tamim|the raid on Banu al-Anbar]] {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/269}." }, { "heading": "Her marriage (The Sealed Nectar, p.136)", "markdown": "The Prophet married her in Shawwal of the eleventh year of the mission, when she was six years old. He consummated the marriage in Medina in Shawwal of the first year of the Hijra, when she was nine {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.136} {cite:sahih-al-bukhari 1/551}." }, { "heading": "For Sprouts", "markdown": "Aisha, Mother of the Believers, was a brilliant scholar and teacher who taught people the Qur'an and Sunna with wisdom." }, { "heading": "For Explorers", "markdown": "Aisha bint Abi Bakr, Mother of the Believers and wife of the Prophet, was one of the greatest scholars in Islamic history. Renowned for her sharp intellect, she served as a key authority for senior companions in Qur'anic exegesis, jurisprudence, medicine, and Arabic poetry, narrating hundreds of traditions depicting the Prophet's household life and character." }, { "heading": "For Scholars", "markdown": "Aisha bint Abi Bakr al-Siddiq (c. 9 BH – 58 AH / 613–678 CE), Mother of the Believers, regarded in Islamic scholarship as the foremost female jurist and one of the highest authorities among the companions. Raised in Abu Bakr's household and married to the Prophet in Medina, she possessed remarkable insight into prophetic household life and private devotion. Highly esteemed for her expertise in Qur'anic interpretation, legal inheritance, poetry, and medicine, senior companions sought her legal verdicts, and her critical corrections of transmitted traditions (istidrak) shaped the discipline of Hadith verification." }, { "heading": "Encyclopaedia of Islam account", "markdown": "The Encyclopaedia of Islam (2nd ed.), article signed Ch. Pellat, calls 'A'isha the third and favourite wife of the Prophet, born at Mecca about 614, daughter of Abu Bakr and of Umm Ruman of the Kinana. The article gives the marriage as proposed through Khawla bint Hakim, the wife of 'Uthman b. Maz'un, after Khadija's death; an earlier betrothal of 'A'isha to Jubayr b. Mut'im was set aside, and the marriage was consummated some months after the Hijra, when she was nine or so. The article notes that Muhammad's marriages had political purposes and that this one strengthened his tie with Abu Bakr. {cite:encyclopaedia-of-islam-2 vol. 1 p. 329}\n\nIn 5/627, on the return from the expedition against Banu l-Mustaliq, she was left behind when she went to find a necklace. A young man, Safwan b. al-Mu'attal al-Sulami, escorted her back to Medina, which was improper in the circumstances. The gossip was magnified by 'Abd Allah b. Ubayy, the leader of the hypocrites, and when no solid evidence was found, a revelation (Qur'an 24) implied her innocence and rebuked the gossips, and Ibn Ubayy was publicly humiliated. The article notes stories of Muhammad's affection for her and hers for him, but judges that they do not show her engaged in political intrigue; there were two factions among the wives, one led by 'A'isha and Hafsa, which supported the policy of their fathers, and another led by Umm Salama, but their rivalry had little political effect. She nursed him in his last illness, and he was buried in her chamber, where Abu Bakr and 'Umar were also buried. She was a childless widow of about eighteen, and was not to remarry. {cite:encyclopaedia-of-islam-2 vol. 1 p. 329}\n\nAfter the murder of 'Uthman in Dhu l-Hijja 35/June 656 she left Medina for Mecca and then, with about a thousand men of Quraysh, for Basra, with Talha and al-Zubayr, professing to avenge 'Uthman. At the battle of the Camel (Jumada II 36/December 656), around the camel carrying her litter, 'Ali was victorious; 'A'isha was treated with respect, while Talha and al-Zubayr were killed. She then lived quietly in Medina for over twenty years, became reconciled with 'Ali, and did not oppose Mu'awiya. She died in Ramadan 58/July 678. The article notes that more than two thousand traditions were related on her authority, of which far fewer were retained by al-Bukhari and Muslim; she was known for poetry, eloquence and history. {cite:encyclopaedia-of-islam-2 vol. 1 p. 330}" } ], "frontmatter": { "id": "person/aisha", "lang": "en", "source_lang": "ar", "translators": [ "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation" ] }, "updated": "2026-10-25" }, "ur": { "sections": [ { "heading": "تعارف", "markdown": "عائشہ بنت ابی بکر، خلیفہ اول کی بیٹی اور نبی کی زوجہ۔ اہل سنت کے نزدیک وہ حدیث کے سب سے بڑے راویوں میں سے ہیں اور اسلام کی پہلی صدی کی سب سے زیادہ علم رکھنے والی خواتین میں شمار ہوتی ہیں۔" }, { "heading": "زندگی", "markdown": "وہ مکہ میں تقریباً 613–614ء میں پیدا ہوئیں، اور ان کی ولادت کی تاریخ میں اختلاف ہے۔ [[event/hijra|ہجرت]] کے موقع پر وہ مدینہ آئیں اور تقریباً 623ء میں [[person/muhammad|محمد]] سے ان کا نکاح ہوا۔ {cite:watt-1956-medina} وہ نبوت کے گھرانے میں پرورش پاتی رہیں، اور ان کے معاصرین نے ان کے حافظے اور ذہانت کی تیزی کا ذکر کیا ہے۔ {cite:ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley}\n\nسنہ 627ء میں واقعۂ افک پیش آیا: ایک غزوے سے واپسی کے سفر میں وہ قافلے سے پیچھے رہ گئیں، تو ایک صحابی نے انہیں لوگوں تک پہنچایا، اور شریر لوگوں نے بد گوئی کی۔ تفسیر کی روایت ان کی براءت کو ان آیات سے جوڑتی ہے جو اس موقع پر نازل ہوئیں۔ {cite:ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley}\n\nنبی کی وفات کے وقت ان کی عمر تقریباً اٹھارہ سال تھی، چنانچہ وہ مدینہ میں تقریباً پانچ دہائیاں رہیں۔ انہوں نے سنت کی کتابوں میں دو ہزار سے زیادہ احادیث روایت کیں، صحابہ کے فقہی و عبادی مسائل میں ان کی رائے کو درست مانا گیا۔ پہلے فتنے میں ان کا کردار بھی تھا، جب وہ 656ء میں جنگِ جمل کے دن اس گروہ کی قائد بنیں جس کا مقابلہ [[person/ali-ibn-abi-talib|علی]] سے ہوا۔ {cite:watt-1956-medina} ان کا انتقال جولائی 678ء میں مدینہ میں ہوا۔" }, { "heading": "اثر", "markdown": "ان کی آواز فقہِ سنت، عقیدے اور تفسیر میں موجود ہے؛ جب بھی جماعت نے یہ پوچھا کہ نبی نے کیا کہا یا کیا کیا، تو عائشہ کے جواب کا ایک خاص وزن رہا۔" }, { "heading": "چھوٹے زائرین کے لیے", "markdown": "عائشہ اپنی نسل کی سب سے قوی یادداشت رکھنے والی تھیں۔ لوگ دور دراز سے آتے تاکہ نبی کے قول و فعل کے بارے میں ان سے پوچھیں، اور ان کے جوابات ان باتوں میں سے تھے جن سے ورثہ لکھا گیا۔" }, { "heading": "اسماعیل کی نسل کی ایک گردن", "markdown": "ابن اسحاق عاصم بن عمر بن قتادہ سے روایت کرتے ہیں کہ عائشہ نے نبی سے کہا: میری گردن پر اسماعیل کی اولاد میں سے ایک غلام کا حق ہے۔ نبی نے فرمایا: یہ بنو عنبر کے قیدی ابھی آ رہے ہیں، ہم ان میں سے ایک تمہیں دیں گے تو تم اسے آزاد کر دینا۔ دیکھیں [[event/sariyya-of-uyayna-to-banu-tamim|بنو عنبر کی غزوہ]]۔ {cite:ibn-hisham-saqqa 4/269}" }, { "heading": "ان کا نکاح (الرحیق المختوم، ص136)", "markdown": "نبی نے انہیں بعثت کے گیارہویں سال کے شوال میں نکاح میں لیا، جب وہ چھ سال کی تھیں، اور مدینہ میں ہجرت کے پہلے سال کے شوال میں ان کے ساتھ رخصتی ہوئی، جب وہ نو سال کی تھیں۔ {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.136} {cite:sahih-al-bukhari 1/551}" }, { "heading": "کونپلوں کے لیے", "markdown": "ام المؤمنین عائشہ ایک انتہائی ذہین عالمہ اور معلمہ تھیں جنہوں نے دانائی اور محبت کے ساتھ لوگوں کو قرآن اور سنت کی تعلیم دی۔" }, { "heading": "مہم جوؤں کے لیے", "markdown": "عائشہ بنت ابی بکر صدیق، ام المؤمنین اور زوجۂ رسول، تاریخِ اسلام کی عظیم ترین عالمات میں سے تھیں۔ وہ غیر معمولی ذہانت کی مالک تھیں اور قرآن کی تفسیر، فقہ، طب اور شاعری میں صحابہ کے لیے مرجع کی حیثیت رکھتی تھیں، اور انہوں نے نبی کے گھریلو معمولات اور اخلاق کی تفاصیل پر مشتمل سینکڑوں احادیث روایت کیں۔" }, { "heading": "طالبِ علم کے لیے", "markdown": "ام المؤمنین عائشہ بنت ابی بکر صدیق (تقریباً 9 قبل ہجرت – 58 ہجری / 613–678 عیسوی) امت کی سب سے بڑی فقیہہ اور صحابہ کے کبار فقہاء و رواۃ میں شمار ہوتی ہیں۔ صدیق کے گھرانے میں پرورش پائی اور مدینہ میں نبی کی شریکِ حیات بنیں۔ کبار صحابہ فرائض، وراثت، فقہ اور طب میں ان سے فتویٰ لیتے تھے، اور انہوں نے روایات کی درستی پر مستند استدراکات فرمائے۔ عروہ بن زبیر اور قاسم بن محمد جیسے عظیم تابعین نے ان ہی سے علم حاصل کیا۔" }, { "heading": "انسائیکلوپیڈیا آف اسلام کا بیان", "markdown": "انسائیکلوپیڈیا آف اسلام (ایڈیشن دوم) کا مقالہ، جس پر چ۔ پیلا کا نام ہے، عائشہ کو نبی کی تیسری اور محبوب ترین بیوی بتاتا ہے، جو مکہ میں تقریباً 614 عیسوی میں پیدا ہوئیں، ابوبکر کی بیٹی اور بنو کنانہ کی ام رومان کی بیٹی۔ مقالے کے مطابق خدیجہ کی وفات کے بعد نکاح کی تجویز خولہ بنت حکیم، عثمان بن مظعون کی زوجہ، کی طرف سے آئی؛ عائشہ کی پہلی منگنی جبیر بن مطعم سے ہوئی تھی جو ختم کی گئی، اور ہجرت کے کچھ مہینوں بعد نو سال کی عمر کے قریب رخصتی ہوئی۔ مقالہ توجہ دلاتا ہے کہ نبی کے نکاح بالعموم سیاسی مقاصد رکھتے تھے، اور اس نکاح نے ابوبکر کے ساتھ ان کا تعلق مضبوط کیا۔ {cite:encyclopaedia-of-islam-2 vol. 1 p. 329}\n\n5 ہجری/627 عیسوی میں بنو المصطلق کے غزوے سے واپسی پر وہ ایک ہار کی تلاش میں قافلے سے پیچھے رہ گئیں، اور صفوان بن معطل السلمی انہیں مدینہ لے آئے، جو اس وقت کے حالات میں نامناسب تھا۔ منافقین کے سردار عبداللہ بن ابی نے اس بات کو بڑھایا، اور جب کوئی ٹھوس ثبوت نہ ملا تو وحی نے ان کی برأت کی طرف اشارہ کیا اور بات کرنے والوں کو ملامت کی (سورۃ النور)، اور ابن ابی کو سب کے سامنے رسوا کیا گیا۔ مقالہ نبی کی ان سے محبت اور ان کی نبی سے محبت کی روایات بیان کرتا ہے، مگر اسے ان کی سیاسی مداخلت کا ثبوت نہیں مانتا؛ ازواج کے درمیان دو گروہ تھے، ایک عائشہ اور حفصہ بنت عمر کا جو اپنے والدین کی پالیسی کا ساتھ دیتا تھا، اور دوسرا ام سلمہ کا، مگر ان کی رقابت کا سیاسی اثر کم رہا۔ عائشہ نے آخری بیماری میں نبی کی تیمار داری کی، اور انہیں انہی کے حجرے میں دفن کیا گیا، جہاں ابوبکر و عمر بھی دفن ہوئے۔ وہ بے اولاد بیوہ ہوئیں، اس وقت ان کی عمر تقریباً اٹھارہ سال تھی، اور انہوں نے دوبارہ نکاح نہیں کیا۔ {cite:encyclopaedia-of-islam-2 vol. 1 p. 329}\n\nذوالحجہ 35 ہجری/جون 656 عیسوی میں عثمان کے قتل کے بعد وہ مکہ گئیں اور پھر تقریباً ایک ہزار قریشیوں کے ساتھ طلحہ اور زبیر کے ہمراہ بصرہ روانہ ہوئیں، عثمان کے خون کا بدلہ لینے کے دعوے کے ساتھ۔ جنگِ جمل (جمادی الثانیہ 36 ہجری/دسمبر 656 عیسوی) میں، جس اونٹ پر ان کا ہودج تھا اس کے گرد، علی کامیاب ہوئے؛ عائشہ کا احترام کیا گیا، جبکہ طلحہ اور زبیر قتل ہوئے۔ اس کے بعد وہ بیس سال سے زیادہ مدینہ میں خاموشی سے رہیں، علی سے مصالحت کی، اور معاویہ کی مخالفت نہ کی۔ وہ رمضان 58 ہجری/جولائی 678 عیسوی میں فوت ہوئیں۔ مقالہ بتاتا ہے کہ ان کی روایت سے دو ہزار سے زیادہ احادیث مروی ہیں، جن میں سے بخاری اور مسلم نے بہت کم لیں؛ وہ شاعری، فصاحت اور تاریخ میں مہارت کے لیے مشہور تھیں۔ {cite:encyclopaedia-of-islam-2 vol. 1 p. 330}" } ], "frontmatter": { "id": "person/aisha", "lang": "ur", "source_lang": "ar", "translators": [ "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation" ] }, "updated": "2026-10-25" } }, "degree": 418, "contemporaries": [ "person/abu-hurayra", "person/asma-bint-abi-bakr", "person/halima-al-sadiyya", "person/sad-ibn-malik-al-khudri", "person/umm-salama", "person/zirr-ibn-hubaysh", "person/saad-ibn-abi-waqqas", "person/abdullah-ibn-abbas", "person/safiyya-bint-huyayy", "person/hafsa", "person/husayn-ibn-ali", "person/zaynab-bint-ali" ], "updated": "2026-10-25", "connections": [ { "to": "event/sariyya-of-uyayna-to-banu-tamim", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "طلبت رقبة من ولد إسماعيل فأعطاها النبي من سبي بني العنبر", "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa" ] }, { "to": "place/mecca", "type": "born_in", "inverse": false }, { "to": "place/medina", "type": "died_in", "inverse": false }, { "to": "person/abu-bakr", "type": "child_of", "inverse": false }, { "to": "person/muhammad", "type": "spouse_of", "inverse": false, "start": { "edtf": "0623~" }, "end": { "edtf": "0632" }, "note": "يذكر الكتاب خطبتها وهي بنت تسع سنين ثم الزواج بعد الهجرة حين أتمت الثالثة عشرة من عمرها (نساء حول الرسول ص62-63).", "sources": [ "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume" ] }, { "to": "group/ahl-al-bayt", "type": "member_of", "inverse": false, "note": "As a wife of the Prophet; the membership of Ahl al-Bayt is itself contested and shown under perspectives on the group page." }, { "to": "event/hijra", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "emigrant", "sources": [ "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley" ] }, { "to": "event/battle-of-uhud", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "brought-water-to-the-fighters", "sources": [ "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley" ] }, { "to": "passage/quran-24-11", "type": "mentioned_in", "inverse": true, "note": "The tafsir tradition associates the 'slander' verses with her vindication.", "sources": [ "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley" ] }, { "to": "person/umm-ruman", "type": "child_of", "inverse": false, "sources": [ "source/ibn-hajar-isaba", "source/nisa-hawl-alrasul" ] }, { "to": "group/mothers-of-the-believers", "type": "member_of", "inverse": false }, { "to": "event/abu-bakr-leads-the-prayers", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false }, { "to": "event/ali-enters-kufa-36", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "شيّعها علي من البصرة في طريقها إلى مكة", "sources": [ "source/sallabi-ali-vol1" ] }, { "to": "event/death-of-abu-bakr", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "الراوية وابنته", "sources": [ "source/tarikh-khulafa-minhaj-1434" ] }, { "to": "event/death-of-the-prophet", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false }, { "to": "event/farewell-pilgrimage", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false }, { "to": "event/forged-letter-affair", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "نُسب إليها كتابة الكتب إلى الأمصار، فنفت ذلك", "sources": [ "source/sallabi-ali-vol1" ] }, { "to": "event/incident-of-the-slander", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "أم المؤمنين المبرأة من فوق سبع سماوات", "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq", "source/sahih-al-bukhari" ] }, { "to": "event/prophets-deathbed-writing-request", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "روت رواية أن النبي أراد أن يكتب لأبي بكر", "sources": [ "source/sallabi-ali-vol1" ] }, { "to": "event/the-prophets-withdrawal", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "إحدى المرأتين", "sources": [ "source/sahih-al-bukhari" ] }, { "to": "event/umar-ata-register", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "في الاثني عشر ألفاً", "sources": [ "source/futuh-buldan-maarif-1407" ] }, { "to": "object/kisa-al-nabi", "type": "related_to", "inverse": true, "note": "حفظته وأخرجته للزائرين", "sources": [ "source/sahih-al-bukhari" ] }, { "to": "passage/arbaun-05", "type": "mentioned_in", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/ibn-rajab-jami-ulum-hikam" ] }, { "to": "passage/arbaun-44", "type": "mentioned_in", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/ibn-rajab-jami-ulum-hikam" ] }, { "to": "passage/bukhari-0716", "type": "mentioned_in", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/sahih-al-bukhari" ] }, { "to": "passage/bukhari-3411", "type": "mentioned_in", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/sahih-al-bukhari" ] }, { "to": "passage/bukhari-3905", "type": "mentioned_in", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/sahih-al-bukhari" ] }, { "to": "passage/bukhari-4428", "type": "mentioned_in", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/sahih-al-bukhari" ] }, { "to": "passage/bukhari-4450", "type": "mentioned_in", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/sahih-al-bukhari" ] }, { "to": "passage/bukhari-4451", "type": "mentioned_in", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/sahih-al-bukhari" ] }, { "to": "passage/muslim-0725", "type": "mentioned_in", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/sahih-muslim" ] }, { "to": "passage/muslim-0783", "type": "mentioned_in", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/sahih-muslim" ] }, { "to": "passage/muslim-0798", "type": "mentioned_in", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/sahih-muslim" ] }, { "to": "passage/muslim-1864", "type": "mentioned_in", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/sahih-muslim" ] }, { "to": "passage/muslim-2401", "type": "mentioned_in", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/sahih-muslim" ] }, { "to": "passage/muslim-2424", "type": "mentioned_in", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/sahih-muslim" ] }, { "to": "passage/muslim-2430", "type": "mentioned_in", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/sahih-muslim" ] }, { "to": "passage/muslim-2431", "type": "mentioned_in", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/sahih-muslim" ] }, { "to": "passage/muslim-2555", "type": "mentioned_in", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/sahih-muslim" ] }, { "to": "passage/muslim-2593", "type": "mentioned_in", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/sahih-muslim" ] }, { "to": "passage/muslim-2683", "type": "mentioned_in", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/sahih-muslim" ] }, { "to": "passage/muslim-2705", "type": "mentioned_in", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/sahih-muslim" ] }, { "to": "passage/muslim-2770", "type": "mentioned_in", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/sahih-muslim" ] }, { "to": "passage/muslim-2816", "type": "mentioned_in", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/sahih-muslim" ] }, { "to": "passage/muwatta-1-002", "type": "mentioned_in", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/muwatta-maruf-1997" ] }, { "to": "passage/muwatta-1-004", "type": "mentioned_in", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/muwatta-maruf-1997" ] }, { "to": "passage/muwatta-1-036", "type": "mentioned_in", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/muwatta-maruf-1997" ] }, { "to": "passage/muwatta-1-109", "type": 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