{ "id": "person/al-rashid-of-morocco", "class": "person", "slug": "al-rashid-of-morocco", "label": { "ar": "الرشيد بن الشريف", "en": "Al-Rashid of Morocco", "ur": "رشید بن الشریف" }, "summary": { "ar": "المولى الرشيد بن الشريف (1631 – 9 نيسان 1672)، أول سلاطين المغرب العلويين، ابن مؤسس السلالة المولى الشريف. ثار على أخيه الأكبر مولاي محمد وقتله في وقعة أنجاد سنة 1664 فخلفه على تافيلالت، ثم استولى على فاس سنة 1667 وأُعلن سلطانًا، فأخضع مراكش والسوس ودمّر زاوية الدلاء فصار عند مؤرخين كثر المؤسس الحقيقي للسلطة العلوية. بنى الجسور والمدارس وأصلح العملة، ومات بمراكش إثر سقوطه عن فرسه فخلفه أخوه مولاي إسماعيل.", "en": "Moulay al-Rashid ibn al-Sharif (1631 – 9 April 1672) was the first Alawite sultan of Morocco, son of the dynasty's founder Moulay Sharif. He rebelled against his elder brother Sidi Mohammed, who was killed at the battle of Angad in 1664, and succeeded him in Tafilalt; in 1667 he took Fez and was proclaimed sultan, then subdued Marrakesh and the Sous and destroyed the Dila zawiya, and many historians count him the true founder of Alawite power. He built bridges and madrasas and reformed the currency, and died at Marrakesh after a fall from his horse, succeeded by his brother Moulay Ismail.", "ur": "مولای رشید بن الشریف (1631ء – 9 اپریل 1672ء) مغرب کے پہلے علوی سلطان تھے، سلسلے کے بانی مولای شریف کے بیٹے۔ اپنے بڑے بھائی مولای محمد کے خلاف اٹھے، جو 1664ء میں انگاد کی لڑائی میں مارے گئے، اور تافیلالت میں ان کے جانشین بنے؛ 1667ء میں فاس فتح کر کے سلطان قرار پائے، پھر مراكش اور سوس کو مطیع کیا اور دلاء زاویہ کو ختم کر دیا، اس لیے بہت سے مؤرخین انہیں علوی اقتدار کا اصل بانی مانتے ہیں۔ پُل اور مدرسے بنائے اور سکہ درست کیا؛ مراكش میں گھوڑے سے گر کر وفات پائی اور ان کے بھائی مولای اسماعیل جانشین ہوئے۔" }, "stub": false, "wings": [ "people" ], "regions": [ "maghreb" ], "periods": [], "tags": [], "aliases": [], "themes": [], "span": { "earliest": 1631.000568115704, "latest": 1672.274516246024 }, "display": { "start": { "edtf": "1631", "calendar": "gregorian", "precision": "year", "status": "debated", "note": "Born at Sijilmasa in the Tafilalt, the year his father was recognised as emir there. The English article gives 1631 flatly; the French and Arabic articles give about 1631, so the year is built as debated. The year 1631 spans 1040–1041 AH, so no single Hijri year is built.", "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-al-rashid-of-morocco-en", "source/wikipedia-al-rashid-of-morocco-fr", "source/wikipedia-al-rashid-of-morocco-ar" ] }, "end": { "edtf": "1672-04-09", "calendar": "gregorian", "precision": "day", "status": "historical", "hijri": "1082", "note": "Died at Marrakesh after a fall from his horse, aged about 42; the English, French and Arabic articles and the Wikidata item all give 9 April 1672, which falls in 1082 AH. No place entity for Marrakesh exists on main, so no died_in edge is written.", "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-al-rashid-of-morocco-en", "source/wikipedia-al-rashid-of-morocco-fr", "source/wikipedia-al-rashid-of-morocco-ar", "source/wikidata-al-rashid-of-morocco" ] } }, "data": { "names": [ { "value": "Moulay al-Rashid ibn al-Sharif", "kind": "full" }, { "value": "Tafiletta", "kind": "alternate" } ], "gender": "male", "roles": [ "sultan" ], "born": { "edtf": "1631", "calendar": "gregorian", "precision": "year", "status": "debated", "note": "Born at Sijilmasa in the Tafilalt, the year his father was recognised as emir there. The English article gives 1631 flatly; the French and Arabic articles give about 1631, so the year is built as debated. The year 1631 spans 1040–1041 AH, so no single Hijri year is built.", "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-al-rashid-of-morocco-en", "source/wikipedia-al-rashid-of-morocco-fr", "source/wikipedia-al-rashid-of-morocco-ar" ] }, "died": { "edtf": "1672-04-09", "calendar": "gregorian", "precision": "day", "status": "historical", "hijri": "1082", "note": "Died at Marrakesh after a fall from his horse, aged about 42; the English, French and Arabic articles and the Wikidata item all give 9 April 1672, which falls in 1082 AH. No place entity for Marrakesh exists on main, so no died_in edge is written.", "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-al-rashid-of-morocco-en", "source/wikipedia-al-rashid-of-morocco-fr", "source/wikipedia-al-rashid-of-morocco-ar", "source/wikidata-al-rashid-of-morocco" ] }, "faith": [ { "value": "unknown", "basis": "unknown", "note": "No text read names a school or an order for the man himself. The English article records his respect for scholars — honouring them, seeking their company, supporting them generously, and attending al-Yusi's lessons at al-Qarawiyyin — and the Arabic article his care for culture and learning; documented activity of that kind, and his descent from the Alawite sharifs, are context under the founder's rules and settle nothing, so his faith is recorded as unknown with the activity stated.", "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-al-rashid-of-morocco-en", "source/wikipedia-al-rashid-of-morocco-ar" ] } ], "external_ids": { "wikidata": "Q303729" }, "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-al-rashid-of-morocco-en", "source/wikipedia-al-rashid-of-morocco-fr", "source/wikipedia-al-rashid-of-morocco-ar", "source/wikidata-al-rashid-of-morocco" ], "provenance": { "layer": "own-research", "source": "English Wikipedia (revision 1376008358 of 21 September 2026), French Wikipedia «Rachid ben Chérif» (revision 238761096 of 19 August 2026), Arabic Wikipedia «الرشيد بن الشريف» (revision 19958882 of 29 May 2016) and Wikidata Q303729 (item revision 2553831489 of 6 October 2026, re-asserted identical on a second live query), fetched live in-session on 1 November 2026; the QID was grounded from the English article's own page property, the French and Arabic articles agreeing — the similarly named item Q291415 is the Abbasid-era name al-Rashid and is not this man. No Urdu article under the item's Urdu title could be retrieved. Existence checked against origin/main before building — no record holds this man; the father's record (Sharif ibn Ali) does not exist on main, so no child_of edge is written. The sibling edge to Moulay Ismail is written here because al-Rashid (b. 1631) is the elder of the two and Ismail's own record is a draft stub that must not be edited; the succession edge records his succession to his brother Mohammed in Tafilalt, which the English and Arabic articles state. Queue check: the queue's dates 1631–1672 and the brother-rival gloss are confirmed; the English article counts his sultanate from 1666, the French and Arabic from his 1667 proclamation, and both counts are preserved in the prose. place/sijilmasa exists on main; no place entity exists for Marrakesh.", "generated_by": "Muse (Muse Spark 1.3)", "run": "modern-figures-wave-175m" }, "status": { "review": "published", "generated_by": "Muse (Muse Spark 1.3)" } }, "prose": { "ar": { "sections": [ { "heading": "موجز", "markdown": "المولى الرشيد بن الشريف سلطان المغرب العلوي الأول، وُلد في سجلماسة بتافيلالت نحو سنة 1631 وتوفي بمراكش في 9 نيسان 1672.{cite:wikipedia-al-rashid-of-morocco-en}{cite:wikipedia-al-rashid-of-morocco-fr} وهو ابن المولى الشريف مؤسس السلالة، ثار على أخيه الأكبر مولاي محمد وقتله في وقعة أنجاد، فخلفه على تافيلالت، ثم أخذ فاس وطنجة والشمال، وفي 1669 أخذ مراكش ثم السوس، ودمّر زاوية الدلاء، حتى عُدّ المؤسس الحقيقي للسلطة العلوية.{cite:wikipedia-al-rashid-of-morocco-en}{cite:wikipedia-al-rashid-of-morocco-ar}" }, { "heading": "الثورة على أخيه", "markdown": "بعد وفاة والده سنة 1659 رفض الرشيد مبايعة أخيه مولاي محمد وخرج عليه، فأُسر مرتين وهرب، وجاب المغرب متنقّلًا بين تودغة ودمّنات وزاوية الدلاء وأزرو وفاس حتى استقرّ بتازة في خدمة الشيخ علي سليمان، فجعله قيّم قصره ثم أمين ماله وقاضيه ووكيله على الجند.{cite:wikipedia-al-rashid-of-morocco-en} ومن هناك استولى على قلعة دار ابن مشعل وغنائمها، وهزم علي سليمان وقتله، ونُودي به سلطانًا في وجدة.{cite:wikipedia-al-rashid-of-morocco-en}" }, { "heading": "وقعة أنجاد والتوحيد", "markdown": "خرج مولاي محمد بجيشه لقتاله، فالتقيا في سهل أنجاد يوم 2 آب 1664، الموافق الجمعة 9 محرم 1075هـ، فقُتل مولاي محمد برصاصة في عنقه في أول المعركة، فغسل الرشيد جثته بنفسه حزنًا ودفنها في دار ابن مشعل، وصار سلطان تافيلالت بلا منازع.{cite:wikipedia-al-rashid-of-morocco-en} ثم أخذ تازة وسجلماسة، ودخل فاس في 27 أيار 1667 فأُعلن سلطانًا على المغرب — وتعدّ المقالة الإنجليزية سلطنته من 1666 والمقالة الفرنسية والعربية من 1667 — وعيّن أخاه إسماعيل خليفة له فيها، ثم دمّر زاوية الدلاء وأخذ مراكش سنة 1669 وطرد صاحب زاوية إيليغ من السوس والأطلس الصغير.{cite:wikipedia-al-rashid-of-morocco-en}{cite:wikipedia-al-rashid-of-morocco-fr}{cite:wikipedia-al-rashid-of-morocco-ar}" }, { "heading": "أعماله", "markdown": "من أعماله جسر وادي سبو ذو الثماني قناطر سنة 1670 وجسر الرصيف بفاس سنة 1671، وآبار في الصحراء ما زالت تُعرف بآبار السلطان، وزيادة مكتبة في الواجهة الجنوبية لجامع القرويين، وبناء المدرسة الشراطين بفاس وقصره الجديد بفاس الجديد وقصبة الجديّدة وقصبة الشرارة.{cite:wikipedia-al-rashid-of-morocco-en} وأصلح العملة: سكّ «الرشيدية» في أيار 1669 وأنهى بقرض للتجار أزمة النقد، ثم سكّ الفلوس النحاسية المستديرة سنة 1670.{cite:wikipedia-al-rashid-of-morocco-en} وكان مكرمًا للعلماء مجالسًا لهم، حتى إنه كان يحضر دروس الشيخ اليوسي في القرويين.{cite:wikipedia-al-rashid-of-morocco-en}" }, { "heading": "وفاته", "markdown": "توفي بمراكش في 9 نيسان 1672 في الثانية والأربعين تقريبًا، إثر سقوطه عن فرسه، فخلفه أخوه مولاي إسماعيل الذي كان خليفته ومقدّم جيشه.{cite:wikipedia-al-rashid-of-morocco-en}{cite:wikipedia-al-rashid-of-morocco-fr}" } ], "frontmatter": { "id": "person/al-rashid-of-morocco", "lang": "ar", "source_lang": "ar", "translators": [] }, "updated": "2026-11-01" }, "en": { "sections": [ { "heading": "Summary", "markdown": "Moulay al-Rashid ibn al-Sharif, the first Alawite sultan of Morocco, was born at Sijilmasa in the Tafilalt about 1631 and died at Marrakesh on 9 April 1672.{cite:wikipedia-al-rashid-of-morocco-en}{cite:wikipedia-al-rashid-of-morocco-fr} Son of the dynasty's founder Moulay Sharif, he rebelled against his elder brother Sidi Mohammed, who was killed at the battle of Angad, and succeeded him in Tafilalt; he then took Fez and the north, Marrakesh in 1669 and the Sous, and destroyed the Dila zawiya, until he came to be counted the true founder of Alawite power.{cite:wikipedia-al-rashid-of-morocco-en}{cite:wikipedia-al-rashid-of-morocco-ar}" }, { "heading": "Rebellion against his brother", "markdown": "On his father's death in 1659 al-Rashid refused allegiance to his brother Sidi Mohammed and rose against him; twice captured and twice escaped, he wandered Morocco — Toudga, Demnat, the Dila zawiya, Azrou, Fez — before settling at Taza in the service of the sheikh Ali Soliman, who made him steward of his palace, then keeper of his finances, chief justice secretary and finally lieutenant over troops.{cite:wikipedia-al-rashid-of-morocco-en} From there he seized the citadel of Dar Ibn Mich'al and its treasure, defeated and executed Ali Soliman, and was proclaimed sultan at Oujda.{cite:wikipedia-al-rashid-of-morocco-en}" }, { "heading": "Angad and the unification", "markdown": "Sidi Mohammed marched against him, and the brothers met on the Angad plain on 2 August 1664 — Friday 9 Muharram 1075 AH — where Sidi Mohammed was killed by a bullet in the neck early in the battle; al-Rashid washed the body himself in mourning and buried it at Dar Ibn Mich'al, and was undisputed sultan of Tafilalt.{cite:wikipedia-al-rashid-of-morocco-en} He then took Taza and Sijilmasa and entered Fez on 27 May 1667, where he was proclaimed sultan of Morocco — the English article counts his sultanate from 1666, the French and Arabic from 1667 — appointed his brother Ismail his khalifa there, destroyed the Dila zawiya, took Marrakesh in 1669, and drove the master of the Illigh zawiya from the Sous and the Anti-Atlas.{cite:wikipedia-al-rashid-of-morocco-en}{cite:wikipedia-al-rashid-of-morocco-fr}{cite:wikipedia-al-rashid-of-morocco-ar}" }, { "heading": "Works and policies", "markdown": "His works include the eight-arched bridge over the Oued Sebou in 1670 and the Errecîf bridge at Fez in 1671, wells in the Sahara still called Abar Essultan, the sultan's wells, a library added to the southern face of the Qarawiyyin mosque, the Cherratine Madrasa and a new palace at Fes Jdid, and the kasbahs of El Jadida and Cherarda.{cite:wikipedia-al-rashid-of-morocco-en} He reformed the currency, minting the Rechîdiya in May 1669 and ending the coin shortage with a loan to Fez's merchants, then round copper flous in October 1670.{cite:wikipedia-al-rashid-of-morocco-en} He was known for his respect for scholars, honouring them and supporting them generously, and is reported by al-Qadiri to have attended Sheikh al-Yusi's lessons at al-Qarawiyyin.{cite:wikipedia-al-rashid-of-morocco-en}" }, { "heading": "Death", "markdown": "He died at Marrakesh on 9 April 1672, aged about 42, after a fall from his horse, and was succeeded by his brother Moulay Ismail, who had served as his khalifa and lieutenant.{cite:wikipedia-al-rashid-of-morocco-en}{cite:wikipedia-al-rashid-of-morocco-fr}" } ], "frontmatter": { "id": "person/al-rashid-of-morocco", "lang": "en", "source_lang": "ar", "translators": [] }, "updated": "2026-11-01" }, "ur": { "sections": [ { "heading": "موجز", "markdown": "مولای رشید بن الشریف مغرب کے پہلے علوی سلطان تھے؛ تقریباً 1631ء میں سجلماسہ (تافیلالت) میں پیدا ہوئے اور 9 اپریل 1672ء کو مراكش میں وفات پائی۔{cite:wikipedia-al-rashid-of-morocco-en}{cite:wikipedia-al-rashid-of-morocco-fr} سلسلے کے بانی مولای شریف کے بیٹے تھے؛ بڑے بھائی مولای محمد کے خلاف اٹھے جو 1664ء میں انگاد کی لڑائی میں مارے گئے، اور تافیلالت میں ان کے جانشین بنے۔{cite:wikipedia-al-rashid-of-morocco-en}" }, { "heading": "توحیدِ مغرب اور کام", "markdown": "1667ء میں فاس لے کر سلطان قرار پائے — انگریزی مقالہ ان کی سلطنت 1666ء سے اور فرانسیسی و عربی 1667ء سے گنتے ہیں — اپنے بھائی اسماعیل کو فاس میں خلیفہ مقرر کیا، دلاء زاویہ ختم کی، 1669ء میں مراكش اور سوس فتح کیے۔{cite:wikipedia-al-rashid-of-morocco-en}{cite:wikipedia-al-rashid-of-morocco-ar} وادی سبو کا آٹھ محرابوں والا پل، قرویین کی لائبریری، مدرسۂ شراطین بنائے اور سکہ درست کیا؛ علماء کی قدر کرتے اور الیوسی کے دروس میں حاضر ہوتے تھے۔{cite:wikipedia-al-rashid-of-morocco-en} گھوڑے سے گر کر وفات پائی اور بھائی مولای اسماعیل جانشین ہوئے۔{cite:wikipedia-al-rashid-of-morocco-en}" } ], "frontmatter": { "id": "person/al-rashid-of-morocco", "lang": "ur", "source_lang": "ar", "translators": [] }, "updated": "2026-11-01" } }, "degree": 10, "contemporaries": [ "person/abd-al-qadir-al-baghdadi", "person/abd-al-rauf-al-sinkili", "person/abu-salim-al-ayyashi", "person/al-haskafi-muhammad-ibn-ali", "person/amangkurat-i", "person/asad-khan", "person/aurangzeb-mughal", "person/ayasli-ismail-pasha", "person/bahadur-nizam-shah", "person/ibrahim-al-kurani", "person/jahanara-begum", "person/ma-muan" ], "updated": "2026-11-03", "connections": [ { "to": "place/sijilmasa", "type": "born_in", "inverse": false, "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-al-rashid-of-morocco-en", "source/wikipedia-al-rashid-of-morocco-fr" ] }, { "to": "person/moulay-ismail", "type": "sibling_of", "inverse": false, "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-al-rashid-of-morocco-en", "source/wikipedia-al-rashid-of-morocco-fr", "source/wikipedia-al-rashid-of-morocco-ar" ] }, { "to": "person/mohammed-ibn-al-sharif", "type": "successor_of", "inverse": false, "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-al-rashid-of-morocco-en", "source/wikipedia-al-rashid-of-morocco-ar" ] }, { "to": "person/mohammed-ibn-al-sharif", "type": "sibling_of", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-mohammed-ibn-al-sharif-en", "source/wikipedia-mohammed-ibn-al-sharif-fr" ] }, { "to": "person/moulay-ismail", "type": "predecessor_of", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-moulay-ismail-en", "source/wikipedia-moulay-ismail-ar" ] } ], "related": [ "person/moulay-ismail", "person/mohammed-ibn-al-sharif", "place/sijilmasa", "person/ahmad-ibn-mubarak-al-lamti", "place/meknes" ], "license": { "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "data": "CC0 1.0" } }