{
 "id": "person/alauddin-khan",
 "class": "person",
 "slug": "alauddin-khan",
 "label": {
  "ar": "علاء الدين خان",
  "en": "Alauddin Khan",
  "ur": "علاؤالدین خان"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "عازف سرود ومعلّم موسيقى هندي (نحو 1881–1972)، وُلد في شيببور بالبنغال وتعلّم في رامبور على يد وزير خان، ثم صار موسيقيَّ بلاط مَيهار ومؤسس غرانتها. خرّج جيلا غيّر وجه الموسيقى الهندية، في مقدمته ابنه علي أكبر خان ورافي شنكر ونيكهيل بانرجي، وكان أول موسيقي هندستاني ينال وسام بادما فيبوشان.",
  "en": "Indian sarod player and music teacher (circa 1881–1972), born at Shibpur in Bengal and trained at Rampur under Wazir Khan; he became the court musician of Maihar and founder of its gharana. He trained a generation that reshaped Indian music — his son Ali Akbar Khan, Ravi Shankar and Nikhil Banerjee among them — and was the first Hindustani musician to receive the Padma Vibhushan.",
  "ur": "ہندوستانی سرود نواز اور موسیقی کے استاد (تقریباً 1881ء–1972ء)، بنگال کے شیب پور میں پیدا ہوئے اور رام پور میں وزیر خان سے تعلیم پائی؛ بعد ازاں مَیہر کے درباری موسیقار اور اس کے گھرانے کے بانی ہوئے۔ ان کے شاگردوں میں ان کے بیٹے علی اکبر خان، روی شنکر اور نکھل بنرجی جیسے نام شامل ہیں جنھوں نے ہندوستانی موسیقی کی صورت بدل دی؛ وہ پدما وبھوشن پانے والے پہلے ہندوستانی موسیقار تھے۔"
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "people"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "south-asia"
 ],
 "periods": [],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 1881.0015948308317,
  "latest": 1972.683148866817
 },
 "display": {
  "start": {
   "edtf": "1881~",
   "hijri": "1298",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "debated",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "The English article states that he has been variously described as born in 1862, 1869, 1871 or 1881, and that on the evidence he was most likely born circa 1881 at Shibpur village, Brahmanbaria, East Bengal; the record follows the article's assessment at year precision with the contest stated — the queue's 1862 is the oldest of the claimed years — and Wikidata likewise gives 1881. The Hijri year (1298) is a conversion. No place entity exists for Shibpur, so no born_in edge is written.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-alauddin-khan-en",
    "source/wikidata-alauddin-khan"
   ]
  },
  "end": {
   "edtf": "1972-09-06",
   "hijri": "1392",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "The English article and Wikidata agree: died 6 September 1972 at Maihar, where a tomb was later built for him and his wife in the premises of his residence. The Hijri year (1392) is a conversion. No place entity exists for Maihar, so no died_in edge is written.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-alauddin-khan-en",
    "source/wikidata-alauddin-khan"
   ]
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "names": [
   {
    "value": "علاء الدين خان",
    "kind": "full"
   },
   {
    "value": "Alauddin Khan",
    "kind": "full"
   },
   {
    "value": "علاؤالدین خان",
    "kind": "full"
   },
   {
    "value": "Allauddin Khan",
    "kind": "alternate"
   },
   {
    "value": "Alam",
    "kind": "alternate"
   },
   {
    "value": "Baba",
    "kind": "laqab"
   }
  ],
  "gender": "male",
  "roles": [
   "musician",
   "teacher"
  ],
  "born": {
   "edtf": "1881~",
   "hijri": "1298",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "debated",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "The English article states that he has been variously described as born in 1862, 1869, 1871 or 1881, and that on the evidence he was most likely born circa 1881 at Shibpur village, Brahmanbaria, East Bengal; the record follows the article's assessment at year precision with the contest stated — the queue's 1862 is the oldest of the claimed years — and Wikidata likewise gives 1881. The Hijri year (1298) is a conversion. No place entity exists for Shibpur, so no born_in edge is written.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-alauddin-khan-en",
    "source/wikidata-alauddin-khan"
   ]
  },
  "died": {
   "edtf": "1972-09-06",
   "hijri": "1392",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "The English article and Wikidata agree: died 6 September 1972 at Maihar, where a tomb was later built for him and his wife in the premises of his residence. The Hijri year (1392) is a conversion. No place entity exists for Maihar, so no died_in edge is written.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-alauddin-khan-en",
    "source/wikidata-alauddin-khan"
   ]
  },
  "faith": [
   {
    "value": "unknown",
    "basis": "unknown",
    "note": "FLAGGED — for the founder's word, the two readings preserved exactly as the one text gives them. The English article's Religion section attests his personal practice in both directions at once: he performed his daily prayer or namaz, and he was deeply devoted to the Maa Sharda Devi temple atop the Trikuta Hills at Maihar — his disciple Nikhil Banerjee recalled him uttering namaz while crying 'Ma, Ma' to Goddess Saraswati, and directing the student to his own Gayatri Japa; the article calls him broad-minded in religion and records that his burial was attended by Hindus and Muslims alike and by the chief priest of the Maa Sharda temple. No text names an affiliation or a school for him: the devotion to Sharda is attested practice, not a named conversion or affiliation, and the namaz is attested practice, not a named school. The Urdu article is a stub expressly derived from the English one (one family), and Wikidata's single religion value, Islam, is a structured value the lane never counts as a text attestation. So the Muslim identity his name, family and prayer attest is recorded here as evidence with no school named, the Sharda devotion stands beside it exactly as sourced, and the value stays unknown under the two-source rule.",
    "sources": [
     "source/wikipedia-alauddin-khan-en",
     "source/wikidata-alauddin-khan"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "external_ids": {
   "wikidata": "Q2837826"
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/wikipedia-alauddin-khan-en",
   "source/wikipedia-alauddin-khan-ur",
   "source/wikidata-alauddin-khan"
  ],
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "English Wikipedia 'Allauddin Khan' (revision 1381738581 of 24 October 2026), Urdu Wikipedia 'علاؤالدین خان' (revision 11847393 of 30 August 2026 — a stub expressly derived from the English article, one family with it) and Wikidata Q2837826 (item revision 2537893956 of 29 August 2026), each fetched by its recorded revision and checked against it, read on 26 October 2026. Existence was checked by filename fragments under all spellings (alauddin, allauddin, alam), by Arabic label, by biography and by the Wikidata route (Q2837826) across data/person/ — no earlier record exists; the alauddin-* records on main are Bengal sultans and alauddin-al-attar, and the Wikidata namesakes are a politician and a footballer, all different men. No Arabic Wikipedia article exists for him; the Arabic prose is written from the English source and says so, and the Urdu prose likewise rests on the English article because the Urdu article is a derived stub. No relations are written: his teacher Wazir Khan, his son Ali Akbar Khan, his daughter Annapurna Devi and his disciples Ravi Shankar, Nikhil Banerjee and Pannalal Ghosh have no person records, there is no group entity for the Maihar gharana, and no place entity for Shibpur or Maihar.",
   "generated_by": "Muse (Muse Spark 1.3)",
   "run": "century-additions-75"
  },
  "status": {
   "review": "published",
   "generated_by": "Muse (Muse Spark 1.3)"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "النشأة",
     "markdown": "وُلد، على الأرجح نحو سنة 1881، في قرية شيببور بمنطقة براهمانباريا في شرق البنغال، أبوه سابدار حسين خان عازف سيتار هاوٍ؛ وقد ذُكر مولده أيضا في أعوام 1862 و1869 و1871، وترجّح المقالة نحو 1881 بناء على الأدلة.{cite:wikipedia-alauddin-khan-en} انجذب إلى الموسيقى منذ طفولته، فكان يواظب على التجمعات الدينية والموسيقية في معبد شيفا المحلي وعلى جلسات الصلاة حيث ينشد السادهو البهاجان، وفي الثامنة من عمره تقريبا هرب من البيت ليلتحق بفرقة جاترا مسرحية فوصل معها إلى دكا.{cite:wikipedia-alauddin-khan-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "التعليم",
     "markdown": "بلغ كلكتا في الرابعة عشرة تقريبا، فتعلّم سبع سنوات على يد المغنّي غوبال تشاندرا بهاتّاشاريا (نولو غوبال)، وبعد وفاة أستاذه تحوّل إلى الآلات فقضى سبع سنوات عند أمريتلال داتّا وتعلّم على أيدي متخصصين كثيرين.{cite:wikipedia-alauddin-khan-en} وبكاه تأثرا بعزف أحمد علي خان لراغا تودي فصار تلميذه وخدمه أربع سنوات وسافر معه إلى رامبور، حيث قُبل رسميا — بعد ستة أشهر عقيمة ووساطة مولوي رحيم لدى النواب حامد علي خان — تلميذا لعازف البين الأسطوري وزير خان، فعلّمه السرود والرباب والسورسرينغار.{cite:wikipedia-alauddin-khan-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "مَيهار والتدريس",
     "markdown": "استُدعي إلى مَيهار معلّما شخصيا للمهاراجا بريجناث سينغ وموسيقيَّ بلاطه، فاستقر فيها سنة 1918 رافضا راتبا مقابل التعليم ومكتفيا بقطعة أرض مُنحت له.{cite:wikipedia-alauddin-khan-en} وكان تدريسه مشهورا بصرامته: يقيم الطلاب عنده في عزلة، ويُمنعون من سماع موسيقى الخارج ومن العزف أمام أي جمهور سنوات، ويُحجب عنهم الألاپ عقودا حتى يتقنوا السلالم والأنماط الإيقاعية والمقطوعات.{cite:wikipedia-alauddin-khan-en} وفي 1918 أسّس فرقة ميهار من أطفال يتّمتهم جائحة الإنفلونزا، وابتكر لها آلات مثل نال تارانغ وسيتار بانجو؛ وفي 1935 جال في أوروبا مع فرقة باليه أوداي شنكر.{cite:wikipedia-alauddin-khan-en} وطوّر أوتار السرود ووسّع إمكانات السيتار والسرود التقنية، وابتكر راغات جديدة منها هيمانت وهيم-بيهاغ ومادان-مانجاري المسماة باسم زوجته.{cite:wikipedia-alauddin-khan-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "الدين",
     "markdown": "كان يُعدّ واسع الأفق في الدين. فقد كان شديد الولاء لمعبد ما شاردا ديفي على قمم تريكوتا في مَيهار؛ وحين كان يؤدي صلاته اليومية (النماز) كان يرسل نيكهيل بانرجي إلى غرفته ليؤدي غاياتري جابا، وتذكّر بانرجي أن خان كان يصلي وهو يهتف «ما، ما» للإلهة ساراسواتي.{cite:wikipedia-alauddin-khan-en} وشيّع جنازته الهندوس والمسلمون معا، وانضم إليها رئيس كهنة معبد ما شاردا.{cite:wikipedia-alauddin-khan-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "التكريم والوفاة",
     "markdown": "انتُخب زميلا لأكاديمية سانغيت ناتاك سنة 1954، ونال بادما بهوشان سنة 1958 وبادما فيبوشان سنة 1971، أول موسيقي هندستاني ينالها.{cite:wikipedia-alauddin-khan-en} وتوفي علاء الدين خان في 6 سبتمبر 1972 في مَيهار، حيث بُني ضريح له ولزوجته في فناء مسكنه.{cite:wikipedia-alauddin-khan-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "المراجع",
     "markdown": "- {cite:wikipedia-alauddin-khan-en}\n- {cite:wikipedia-alauddin-khan-ur}\n- {cite:wikidata-alauddin-khan}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/alauddin-khan",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-26"
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Early life",
     "markdown": "He was born, most likely circa 1881, at Shibpur village in Brahmanbaria, East Bengal, to Sabdar Hossain Khan, an amateur sitarist; he has also been described as born in 1862, 1869 or 1871, and the article follows the evidence for circa 1881.{cite:wikipedia-alauddin-khan-en} Drawn to music from infancy, he frequented the religious and musical gatherings at a local Shiva temple and the morning and evening prayer sessions where visiting sadhus sang bhajans, and at about eight he ran away from home to join a Jatra troupe, reaching Dacca with them.{cite:wikipedia-alauddin-khan-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Training",
     "markdown": "At about fourteen he reached Calcutta, where he trained for some seven years under the vocalist Gopal Chandra Bhattacharya (Nulo Gopal), and after his teacher's death turned to instruments, spending seven years under Amritlal Dutta and learning from many specialists.{cite:wikipedia-alauddin-khan-en} Moved to tears by Ahmad Ali Khan's rendering of Raag Todi, he became his disciple, served him for four years, and travelled with him to Rampur, where — after six fruitless months and the intercession of a sympathetic maulavi with Nawab Hamid Ali Khan — he was formally accepted by the beenkar Wazir Khan, who taught him sarod, rabab and sursringar.{cite:wikipedia-alauddin-khan-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Maihar and teaching",
     "markdown": "Summoned to Maihar as Maharaja Brijnath Singh's personal tutor and court musician, he settled there in 1918, refusing a salary for teaching and accepting instead a plot of land.{cite:wikipedia-alauddin-khan-en} His teaching was famously rigorous: students lived with him in seclusion, were forbidden outside music and audiences for years, and were held back from advanced forms like the alap for decades while they mastered scales, rhythmic patterns and compositions.{cite:wikipedia-alauddin-khan-en} In 1918 he founded the Maihar Band from children orphaned by the influenza pandemic, creating instruments for it such as the Nal Tarang and the Sitar-Banjo; in 1935 he toured Europe with Uday Shankar's ballet troupe.{cite:wikipedia-alauddin-khan-en} He modified the sarod's stringing, expanded the technical range of sitar and sarod, and created new ragas, among them Hemant, Hem-Bihag and Madan-Manjari, named after his wife.{cite:wikipedia-alauddin-khan-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Religion",
     "markdown": "In religion he was considered broad-minded. He was deeply devoted to the Maa Sharda Devi temple atop the Trikuta Hills in Maihar; when he performed his daily prayer or namaz, he would send Nikhil Banerjee to his room for his Gayatri Japa, and Banerjee recalled Khan uttering namaz while crying out \"Ma, Ma\" to Goddess Saraswati.{cite:wikipedia-alauddin-khan-en} His burial procession was attended by Hindus and Muslims alike, and the chief priest of the Maa Sharda temple joined it.{cite:wikipedia-alauddin-khan-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Awards and death",
     "markdown": "He was elected a Fellow of the Sangeet Natak Akademi in 1954, received the Padma Bhushan in 1958 and the Padma Vibhushan in 1971, the first Hindustani classical musician to receive it.{cite:wikipedia-alauddin-khan-en} Allauddin Khan died on 6 September 1972 at Maihar, where a tomb was built for him and his wife in the premises of his residence.{cite:wikipedia-alauddin-khan-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Sources",
     "markdown": "- {cite:wikipedia-alauddin-khan-en}\n- {cite:wikipedia-alauddin-khan-ur}\n- {cite:wikidata-alauddin-khan}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/alauddin-khan",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-26"
  },
  "ur": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "ابتدائی زندگی",
     "markdown": "وہ زیادہ تر قرائن کے مطابق تقریباً 1881ء میں مشرقی بنگال کے براہمن باڑیا ضلع کے گاؤں شیب پور میں پیدا ہوئے؛ ان کے والد سبدار حسین خان ستار کے شوقین نواز تھے۔ ان کی پیدائش کے سال 1862ء، 1869ء اور 1871ء بھی بیان ہوئے ہیں، لیکن مضمون دلائل کی بنیاد پر تقریباً 1881ء کو ترجیح دیتا ہے۔{cite:wikipedia-alauddin-khan-en} وہ بچپن سے موسیقی کی طرف مائل تھے، مقامی شیو مندر کی مذہبی و موسیقی محفلوں اور سادھوؤں کے بھجن سننے جایا کرتے، اور لگ بھگ آٹھ برس کی عمر میں گھر سے بھاگ کر جاترا منڈلی کے ساتھ ڈھاکہ جا پہنچے۔{cite:wikipedia-alauddin-khan-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "تعلیم",
     "markdown": "لگ بھگ چودہ برس کی عمر میں کلکتہ پہنچے، جہاں گلوکار گوپال چندر بھٹّاچاریہ (نولو گوپال) سے سات برس تعلیم پائی؛ استاد کی وفات کے بعد سازوں کی طرف متوجہ ہوئے اور امرتلال دتّا کے پاس سات برس گزارے۔{cite:wikipedia-alauddin-khan-en} احمد علی خان کا راگ ٹوڑی سن کر رو پڑے اور ان کے شاگرد ہو گئے؛ چار برس خدمت کے بعد ان کے ہمراہ رام پور گئے، جہاں چھ ماہ کی ناکام کوشش اور ایک ہمدرد مولوی کی سفارش پر نواب حامد علی خان کے ذریعے بین کار وزیر خان نے انھیں باقاعدہ شاگرد بنایا اور سرود، رباب اور سرسرنگار سکھایا۔{cite:wikipedia-alauddin-khan-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "مَیہر اور تدریس",
     "markdown": "انھیں مَیہر بلایا گیا جہاں وہ مہاراجا برج ناتھ سنگھ کے ذاتی استاد اور درباری موسیقار بنے اور 1918ء میں وہیں آباد ہو گئے؛ تدریس کی اجرت لینے سے انکار کر کے انھوں نے زمین کا ٹکڑا قبول کیا۔{cite:wikipedia-alauddin-khan-en} ان کی تدریس اپنی سختی کے لیے مشہور تھی: شاگرد ان کے پاس گوشہ نشینی میں رہتے، برسوں باہر کی موسیقی اور سامعین سے دور رکھے جاتے اور آلاپ جیسی صورتوں سے دہائیوں تک روکے جاتے۔{cite:wikipedia-alauddin-khan-en} 1918ء میں انھوں نے انفلوئنزا کی وبا کے یتیم بچوں سے مَیہر بینڈ قائم کیا اور اس کے لیے نل ترنگ اور ستار بینجو جیسے ساز بنائے؛ 1935ء میں وہ اُدے شنکر کے بیلے طائفے کے ساتھ یورپ گئے۔{cite:wikipedia-alauddin-khan-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "مذہب",
     "markdown": "مذہب کے معاملے میں وہ وسیع النظر سمجھے جاتے تھے۔ وہ مَیہر کی تریکوٹا پہاڑیوں پر واقع ماں شاردا دیوی کے مندر سے گہری عقیدت رکھتے تھے؛ جب وہ اپنی روزانہ نماز ادا کرتے تو نکھل بنرجی کو اس کے کمرے میں گایتری جپ کے لیے بھیجتے، اور بنرجی کو یاد تھا کہ خان نماز پڑھتے ہوئے دیوی سرسوتی کو «ماں، ماں» کہہ کر پکارتے تھے۔{cite:wikipedia-alauddin-khan-en} ان کی تدفین میں ہندو اور مسلمان دونوں شریک ہوئے اور ماں شاردا مندر کے بڑے پجاری بھی شامل ہوئے۔{cite:wikipedia-alauddin-khan-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "وفات",
     "markdown": "انھیں 1954ء میں سنگیت ناٹک اکادمی کی فیلوشپ، 1958ء میں پدما بھوشن اور 1971ء میں پدما وبھوشن ملا — وہ یہ اعزاز پانے والے پہلے ہندوستانی موسیقار تھے۔{cite:wikipedia-alauddin-khan-en} علاؤالدین خان کا انتقال 6 ستمبر 1972ء کو مَیہر میں ہوا، جہاں ان کی رہائش کے احاطے میں ان کا اور ان کی اہلیہ کا مقبرہ بنایا گیا۔{cite:wikipedia-alauddin-khan-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "مصادر",
     "markdown": "- {cite:wikipedia-alauddin-khan-en}\n- {cite:wikipedia-alauddin-khan-ur}\n- {cite:wikidata-alauddin-khan}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/alauddin-khan",
    "lang": "ur",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-26"
  }
 },
 "degree": 0,
 "contemporaries": [
  "person/abdul-hamid-khan-bhashani",
  "person/mohamed-salah-ben-mrad",
  "person/muhammad-al-tahir-ibn-ashur",
  "person/hassan-taqizadeh",
  "person/sati-al-husri",
  "person/ali-al-mirghani",
  "person/ustad-ghulam-hossein",
  "person/uzair-gul-peshawari",
  "person/atiya-fyzee",
  "person/sefika-gasprinskaya",
  "person/ali-fuat-cebesoy",
  "person/jait-muhammad-al-aziz-ibn-yusuf"
 ],
 "updated": "2026-10-26",
 "connections": [],
 "related": [],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}