{
 "id": "person/asad-khan",
 "class": "person",
 "slug": "asad-khan",
 "label": {
  "ar": "أسد خان",
  "en": "Asad Khan",
  "ur": "اسد خان"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "أسد خان (1626/1631 – 15 يونيو 1716)، المولود محمد إبراهيم، نبيل مغولي من أسرة صفوية الأصل، ووزير الإمبراطورية في عهد أورنكزيب من 1676 إلى 1707 — من أطول وزراء العهد بقاءً — ثم وكيلها المطلق في عهد بهادر شاه وجهان دار شاه. قاد مع ابنه ذو الفقار خان أحد فصيلي البلاط المتنافسين في أواخر عهد أورنكزيب، ومات في عزلة بعد مقتل ابنه سنة 1713.",
  "en": "Asad Khan (1626/1631 – 15 June 1716), born Muhammad Ibrahim, was a Mughal noble of a Safavid Persian family and wazir of the empire under Aurangzeb from 1676 to 1707 — among the longest-serving wazirs of the reign — then Vakil-i-Mutlaq under Bahadur Shah I and Jahandar Shah. With his son Zulfiqar Khan he led one of the two rival court factions of Aurangzeb's last decades, and he died in obscurity after his son's killing in 1713.",
  "ur": "اسد خان (1626ء/1631ء – 15 جون 1716ء)، اصل نام محمد ابراہیم، صفوی فارسی خاندان کے مغل امیر تھے اور 1676ء سے 1707ء تک اورنگزیب کے وزیر رہے — اس عہد کے طویل ترین مدت والے وزرا میں سے ایک — پھر بہادر شاہ اول اور جہاندر شاہ کے دور میں وکیلِ مطلق بنے۔ اپنے بیٹے ذوالفقار خان کے ساتھ انھوں نے اورنگزیب کے آخری عشروں کے دو حریف درباری گروہوں میں سے ایک کی قیادت کی، اور 1713ء میں بیٹے کے قتل کے بعد گمنامی میں وفات پائی۔"
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "people"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "south-asia",
  "persia-central-asia"
 ],
 "periods": [],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 1626.001149920943,
  "latest": 1716.4561216177976
 },
 "display": {
  "start": {
   "edtf": "1626/1631",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "debated",
   "note": "The sources divide on his birth year and both readings are built as the alternative range the articles themselves print: the English article gives circa 1626 following Satish Chandra's Parties and Politics at the Mughal Court and circa 1631 following William Irvine's Later Mughals, and the Arabic article prints 1626/1631. The harvest queue's 1625 is not supported by any text read and is corrected here. Wikidata carries no birth statement. No birthplace is named in the texts read, so no born_in edge is written.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-asad-khan-en",
    "source/wikipedia-asad-khan-ar"
   ]
  },
  "end": {
   "edtf": "1716-06-15",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "historical",
   "note": "The English and Arabic articles agree on 15 June 1716, after the killing of his son Zulfiqar Khan in 1713 and his own last years in obscurity; Wikidata carries the same day. No death place is named in the texts read, so no died_in edge is written.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-asad-khan-en",
    "source/wikipedia-asad-khan-ar",
    "source/wikidata-asad-khan"
   ]
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "names": [
   {
    "value": "Muhammad Ibrahim",
    "kind": "given"
   },
   {
    "value": "Asad Khan",
    "kind": "laqab"
   },
   {
    "value": "Asaf-ud-Daula",
    "kind": "laqab"
   }
  ],
  "gender": "male",
  "roles": [
   "vizier",
   "statesman",
   "general"
  ],
  "born": {
   "edtf": "1626/1631",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "debated",
   "note": "The sources divide on his birth year and both readings are built as the alternative range the articles themselves print: the English article gives circa 1626 following Satish Chandra's Parties and Politics at the Mughal Court and circa 1631 following William Irvine's Later Mughals, and the Arabic article prints 1626/1631. The harvest queue's 1625 is not supported by any text read and is corrected here. Wikidata carries no birth statement. No birthplace is named in the texts read, so no born_in edge is written.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-asad-khan-en",
    "source/wikipedia-asad-khan-ar"
   ]
  },
  "died": {
   "edtf": "1716-06-15",
   "calendar": "julian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "historical",
   "note": "The English and Arabic articles agree on 15 June 1716, after the killing of his son Zulfiqar Khan in 1713 and his own last years in obscurity; Wikidata carries the same day. No death place is named in the texts read, so no died_in edge is written.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-asad-khan-en",
    "source/wikipedia-asad-khan-ar",
    "source/wikidata-asad-khan"
   ]
  },
  "faith": [
   {
    "value": "unknown",
    "basis": "unknown",
    "note": "No text read names a school for Asad Khan himself. The Arabic article's infobox files him as a Shia Muslim, but an infobox filing is not a text and settles nothing, and no second text — indeed no prose text at all — was found naming his school: the one 'crypto-shia' hit a search returned was an alternate-history forum post about Azam Shah's reign, not a source for this man. What the texts do give is a prestigious Safavid Persian family — his grandfather Zulfiqar Khan, beglar begi of Shirvan under Shah Abbas I, and his father Zulfiqar Khan Qaramanlu, who migrated to India late in Jahangir's reign — and the leadership, with his son, of a court faction; family origin, dynastic context and faction settle nothing under the founder rulings, and his thirty-one years as wazir to Aurangzeb are office, which settles nothing. Wikidata carries no religion statement for him. His faith is therefore recorded as unknown.",
    "sources": [
     "source/wikipedia-asad-khan-en",
     "source/wikipedia-asad-khan-ar",
     "source/wikidata-asad-khan"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "external_ids": {
   "wikidata": "Q115518130"
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/wikipedia-asad-khan-en",
   "source/wikipedia-asad-khan-ar",
   "source/wikidata-asad-khan"
  ],
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "English Wikipedia (revision 1374294056 of 11 September 2026), Arabic Wikipedia (revision 74493128 of 4 May 2026) and Wikidata Q115518130 (item revision 2474869785 of 23 March 2026), fetched live in-session on 1 November 2026; the QID was grounded from the English article's own page property, the Arabic article agreeing, and the item revision re-asserted identical against a second live query. He has no Urdu Wikipedia article. Existence checked against origin/main before building — no prior record holds this wazir, by slug, by name fragment or by QID; the name is common and the record is grounded throughout on the Aurangzeb-era wazir born Muhammad Ibrahim. No relations are written: his father Zulfiqar Khan Qaramanlu has no record on main, and his son's record (person/zulfiqar-khan-nusrat-jung) is a draft stub whose pair edge, child_of, belongs in the son's record under the write-once doctrine, not here. Queue correction: the queue's birth year 1625 is unsupported; the articles divide between circa 1626 and circa 1631.",
   "generated_by": "Muse (Muse Spark 1.3)",
   "run": "modern-figures-wave-170m"
  },
  "status": {
   "review": "published",
   "generated_by": "Muse (Muse Spark 1.3)"
  },
  "occupations": [
   {
    "job": "job/vizier",
    "kind": "secondary",
    "status": "historical",
    "note": "bootstrap from roles, 1 Nov 2026 merge map; dates, places and kind to be read in the Phase 3 sweep",
    "sources": [
     "source/wikipedia-asad-khan-en",
     "source/wikipedia-asad-khan-ar",
     "source/wikidata-asad-khan"
    ]
   }
  ]
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "ملخص",
     "markdown": "أسد خان (1626/1631 – 15 يونيو 1716)، المولود محمد إبراهيم، نبيل مغولي ووزير الإمبراطور أورنكزيب من 1676 إلى 1707 {cite:wikipedia-asad-khan-en} {cite:wikipedia-asad-khan-ar}. وتختلف المصادر في سنة مولده — نحو 1626 عند ساتيش تشاندرا ونحو 1631 عند وليم إرفاين — وقد أثبت السجل الروايتين {cite:wikipedia-asad-khan-en}. وهو من أسرة صفوية فارسية عريقة: كان جده ذو الفقار خان بكلر بكي شروان في عهد الشاه عباس الأول، وهاجر أبوه ذو الفقار خان قرمانلو إلى الهند في أواخر عهد جهانكير {cite:wikipedia-asad-khan-en}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "الوزارة الطويلة",
     "markdown": "دخل أسد خان الخدمة الإمبراطورية سنة 1654، وعمل بخشيًّا ثانيًا حتى 1670 ونائبًا للوزير حتى 1676 حين صار وزيرًا نفسه {cite:wikipedia-asad-khan-en}. ومنذ ثمانينيات القرن قاد مع ابنه ذو الفقار خان أحد الفصيلين اللذين انقسم إليهما نبلاء أورنكزيب {cite:wikipedia-asad-khan-en}. وفي الدكن أمّن خطوط الإمداد لحصار ابنه جنجي، وفي 1691 اعتقل مع ابنه الأمير كام بخش لفتحه مفاوضات غير مأذون بها مع العدو — فعل هدّد أورنكزيب بمعاقبته عليه بإقالته ولم يفعل قط {cite:wikipedia-asad-khan-en}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "بعد أورنكزيب",
     "markdown": "أيّد أسد خان أعظم شاه في حرب الخلافة فخسر؛ فأنهى بهادر شاه وزارته سنة 1707 لكنه رفعه إلى «وكيل مطلق»، وهو منصب لم يُستخدم منذ عهد شاه جهان، ولقّبه آصف الدولة {cite:wikipedia-asad-khan-en} {cite:wikipedia-asad-khan-ar}. وفي عهد جهان دار شاه حمل أيضًا ولاية كجرات غيابيًّا؛ فلما سقط ذلك الإمبراطور سنة 1713 ولجأ إلى داره، سلّمه أسد خان وابنه إلى فرخ سيار، الذي قتل مع ذلك ذا الفقار خان {cite:wikipedia-asad-khan-en}. وقضى أسد خان سنواته الباقية في عزلة ومات في 15 يونيو 1716 {cite:wikipedia-asad-khan-en} {cite:wikidata-asad-khan}. ولا نصّ مما قُرئ يسمّي مذهبه — وتصنيف في صندوق معلومات مقالة ليس نصًّا — فسُجل مذهبه غير معروف {cite:wikipedia-asad-khan-ar}."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/asad-khan",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-11-01"
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Summary",
     "markdown": "Asad Khan (1626/1631 – 15 June 1716), born Muhammad Ibrahim, was a Mughal noble and the wazir of Emperor Aurangzeb from 1676 to 1707 {cite:wikipedia-asad-khan-en} {cite:wikipedia-asad-khan-ar}. The sources divide on his birth year — about 1626 in Satish Chandra's account, about 1631 in William Irvine's — and the record carries both {cite:wikipedia-asad-khan-en}. He came of a prestigious family of Safavid Iran: his grandfather Zulfiqar Khan had been beglar begi of Shirvan under Shah Abbas I, and his father, Zulfiqar Khan Qaramanlu, migrated to India late in Jahangir's reign {cite:wikipedia-asad-khan-en}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "The long wazirate",
     "markdown": "Asad Khan entered imperial service in 1654, served as second bakhshi until 1670 and as deputy wazir until 1676, when he became wazir himself {cite:wikipedia-asad-khan-en}. From the 1680s he and his son Zulfiqar Khan led one of the two factions into which Aurangzeb's nobility divided {cite:wikipedia-asad-khan-en}. In the Deccan he secured the supply lines for his son's siege of Jinji, and in 1691 he and Zulfiqar Khan arrested the prince Kam Bakhsh for opening unauthorised negotiations with the enemy — an act Aurangzeb threatened, but never carried out, to punish by removing him {cite:wikipedia-asad-khan-en}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "After Aurangzeb",
     "markdown": "Asad Khan backed Azam Shah in the succession struggle and lost; Bahadur Shah ended his wazirate in 1707 but raised him to Vakil-i-Mutlaq, a dignity unused since Shah Jahan's reign, with the title Asaf-ud-Daula {cite:wikipedia-asad-khan-en} {cite:wikipedia-asad-khan-ar}. Under Jahandar Shah he also held the governorship of Gujarat in absentia; when that emperor fell in 1713 and took refuge in his house, Asad Khan and his son handed him over to Farrukhsiyar, who nevertheless had Zulfiqar Khan killed {cite:wikipedia-asad-khan-en}. Asad Khan spent his remaining years in obscurity and died on 15 June 1716 {cite:wikipedia-asad-khan-en} {cite:wikidata-asad-khan}. No text read names a school for him — an infobox filing in one article is not a text — and his faith is recorded as unknown {cite:wikipedia-asad-khan-ar}."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/asad-khan",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-11-01"
  },
  "ur": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "خلاصہ",
     "markdown": "اسد خان (1626ء/1631ء – 15 جون 1716ء)، اصل نام محمد ابراہیم، مغل امیر اور 1676ء سے 1707ء تک شہنشاہ اورنگزیب کے وزیر رہے {cite:wikipedia-asad-khan-en} {cite:wikipedia-asad-khan-ar}۔ ان کے سنِ ولادت میں مآخذ مختلف ہیں — ستیش چندرا کے ہاں تقریباً 1626ء اور ولیم ارون کے ہاں تقریباً 1631ء — اور ریکارڈ دونوں روایتیں رکھتا ہے {cite:wikipedia-asad-khan-en}۔ وہ صفوی ایران کے ایک ممتاز خاندان سے تھے: ان کے دادا ذوالفقار خان شاہ عباس اول کے دور میں شروان کے بےگلر بےگی تھے، اور والد ذوالفقار خان قرمانلو جہانگیر کے آخری دور میں ہندوستان آئے {cite:wikipedia-asad-khan-en}۔"
    },
    {
     "heading": "طویل وزارت",
     "markdown": "اسد خان 1654ء میں شاہی خدمت میں داخل ہوئے، 1670ء تک دوسرے بخشی رہے اور 1676ء تک وزیر کے نائب، جب خود وزیر بنے {cite:wikipedia-asad-khan-en}۔ 1680ء کی دہائی سے انھوں نے بیٹے ذوالفقار خان کے ساتھ اورنگزیب کے امرا کے دو حریف گروہوں میں سے ایک کی قیادت کی {cite:wikipedia-asad-khan-en}۔ دکن میں انھوں نے بیٹے کے جنجی محاصرے کے لیے رسد کی راہیں محفوظ کیں، اور 1691ء میں انھوں نے اور ذوالفقار خان نے شہزادہ کام بخش کو دشمن سے بلا اجازت مذاکرات پر گرفتار کیا — ایک اقدام جس پر اورنگزیب نے انھیں ہٹانے کی دھمکی دی مگر کبھی عمل نہ کیا {cite:wikipedia-asad-khan-en}۔"
    },
    {
     "heading": "اورنگزیب کے بعد",
     "markdown": "جانشینی کی جنگ میں اسد خان نے اعظم شاہ کا ساتھ دیا اور ہارے؛ بہادر شاہ نے 1707ء میں ان کی وزارت ختم کی مگر انھیں «وکیلِ مطلق» بنا دیا، عہدہ جو شاہ جہاں کے دور سے استعمال نہ ہوا تھا، اور «آصف الدولہ» کا لقب دیا {cite:wikipedia-asad-khan-en} {cite:wikipedia-asad-khan-ar}۔ جہاندر شاہ کے دور میں وہ غیر حاضری میں گجرات کے حاکم بھی رہے؛ جب وہ شہنشاہ 1713ء میں گرا اور ان کے گھر پناہ لی تو اسد خان اور ان کے بیٹے نے اسے فرخ سیر کے حوالے کر دیا، جس نے پھر بھی ذوالفقار خان کو قتل کرا دیا {cite:wikipedia-asad-khan-en}۔ اسد خان نے باقی سال گمنامی میں گزارے اور 15 جون 1716ء کو وفات پائی {cite:wikipedia-asad-khan-en} {cite:wikidata-asad-khan}۔ پڑھی گئی کسی نص نے ان کا مسلک نہیں بتایا — ایک مضمون کے معلوماتی خانے کی درجہ بندی نص نہیں — اس لیے ان کا مسلک نامعلوم درج کیا گیا ہے {cite:wikipedia-asad-khan-ar}۔"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/asad-khan",
    "lang": "ur",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-11-01"
  }
 },
 "degree": 0,
 "contemporaries": [
  "person/aurangzeb-mughal",
  "person/mulla-jiwan",
  "person/subhan-quli-khan",
  "person/bahadur-nizam-shah",
  "person/muhammad-al-mahdi-al-fasi",
  "person/moulay-ismail",
  "person/muneccimbasi-ahmed-dede",
  "person/yusuf-nabi",
  "person/shaista-khan",
  "person/pakubuwono-i",
  "person/abd-al-rauf-al-sinkili",
  "person/erekle-i"
 ],
 "updated": "2026-11-01",
 "connections": [],
 "related": [],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}