{
 "id": "person/ferhat-abbas",
 "class": "person",
 "slug": "ferhat-abbas",
 "label": {
  "ar": "فرحات عباس",
  "en": "Ferhat Abbas",
  "ur": "فرحت عباس"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "سياسي وكاتب جزائري (1899–1985)؛ صيدلي من سطيف أسس الاتحاد الديمقراطي للبيان الجزائري، وانضم إلى جبهة التحرير الوطني 1956 فكان أول رئيس للحكومة المؤقتة للجمهورية الجزائرية (1958–1961)، ثم أول رئيس للمجلس الوطني التأسيسي بعد الاستقلال.",
  "en": "Algerian politician and writer (1899–1985). A pharmacist from Sétif, he founded the Democratic Union of the Algerian Manifesto, joined the FLN in 1956 and became the first president of the Provisional Government of the Algerian Republic (1958–1961), then the first president of the National Constituent Assembly after independence.",
  "ur": "جزائری سیاست دان اور مصنف (1899–1985)؛ سطیف کے فارماسسٹ، جنہوں نے جزائری منشور کی جمہوری یونین کی بنیاد رکھی، 1956 میں جبهة التحرير الوطني میں شامل ہوئے اور جمہوریہ جزائر کی عبوری حکومت کے پہلے صدر (1958–1961) بنے، پھر آزادی کے بعد قومی آئین ساز اسمبلی کے پہلے صدر ہوئے۔"
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "people"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "maghreb"
 ],
 "periods": [],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 1899.6440036414162,
  "latest": 1985.9811631997602
 },
 "display": {
  "start": {
   "edtf": "1899-08-24",
   "hijri": "1317",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "debated",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "The English and French articles and Wikidata give 24 August 1899. The birthplace is given variously as Taher (English article), the douar of Ouadjana in the commune of Taher (French article) and Chahna (Arabic article), all in the Jijel district. The English article notes that some sources — Encyclopaedia Britannica and Chambers Biographical Dictionary — give 24 October 1899 instead. The 24 August date is followed with the variant disclosed. Neither Taher nor Chahna has a place entity, so no born_in edge is written.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-ferhat-abbas-en",
    "source/wikipedia-ferhat-abbas-fr",
    "source/wikidata-ferhat-abbas",
    "source/wikipedia-ferhat-abbas-ar"
   ]
  },
  "end": {
   "edtf": "1985-12-24",
   "hijri": "1406",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "Died in Algiers on 24 December 1985 (English, French and Arabic articles); Wikidata also carries a 23 December 1985 value alongside the 24th. He is buried in the El Alia Cemetery in Algiers (English article).",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-ferhat-abbas-en",
    "source/wikipedia-ferhat-abbas-fr",
    "source/wikipedia-ferhat-abbas-ar"
   ]
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "names": [
   {
    "value": "فرحات عباس",
    "kind": "full"
   },
   {
    "value": "Ferhat Abbas",
    "kind": "full"
   },
   {
    "value": "Ferhat Mekki Abbas",
    "kind": "alternate"
   }
  ],
  "gender": "male",
  "roles": [
   "politician",
   "writer"
  ],
  "born": {
   "edtf": "1899-08-24",
   "hijri": "1317",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "debated",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "The English and French articles and Wikidata give 24 August 1899. The birthplace is given variously as Taher (English article), the douar of Ouadjana in the commune of Taher (French article) and Chahna (Arabic article), all in the Jijel district. The English article notes that some sources — Encyclopaedia Britannica and Chambers Biographical Dictionary — give 24 October 1899 instead. The 24 August date is followed with the variant disclosed. Neither Taher nor Chahna has a place entity, so no born_in edge is written.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-ferhat-abbas-en",
    "source/wikipedia-ferhat-abbas-fr",
    "source/wikidata-ferhat-abbas",
    "source/wikipedia-ferhat-abbas-ar"
   ]
  },
  "died": {
   "edtf": "1985-12-24",
   "hijri": "1406",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "Died in Algiers on 24 December 1985 (English, French and Arabic articles); Wikidata also carries a 23 December 1985 value alongside the 24th. He is buried in the El Alia Cemetery in Algiers (English article).",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-ferhat-abbas-en",
    "source/wikipedia-ferhat-abbas-fr",
    "source/wikipedia-ferhat-abbas-ar"
   ]
  },
  "faith": [
   {
    "value": "unknown",
    "basis": "unknown",
    "note": "The French article's infobox alone gives his religion as Sunni Islam, and the English article files him in the category 'Algerian Sunni Muslims'; one infobox and a category filing never count. Wikidata's religion value is Sunni Islam — the same single structured-data tradition, not a second independent source. The Arabic article's infobox leaves the religion and madhhab fields blank, and no article text names a school for him personally: the texts record his childhood Qur'an schooling in his father's mosque-school at Taher and his later secular nationalist politics — family background and political outlook, neither of which is a school attestation. Under the doubt rule no affiliation is recorded.",
    "sources": [
     "source/wikipedia-ferhat-abbas-fr",
     "source/wikipedia-ferhat-abbas-en",
     "source/wikipedia-ferhat-abbas-ar",
     "source/wikidata-ferhat-abbas"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "external_ids": {
   "wikidata": "Q193043"
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/wikipedia-ferhat-abbas-fr",
   "source/wikipedia-ferhat-abbas-ar",
   "source/wikipedia-ferhat-abbas-en",
   "source/wikipedia-ferhat-abbas-ur",
   "source/wikidata-ferhat-abbas"
  ],
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "English, French, Arabic and Urdu Wikipedia articles on Ferhat Abbas, each fetched by its recorded revision id (EN 1379373039, FR 240644998, AR 74258956, UR 10173982) with the returned id asserted equal before use, and Wikidata item Q193043 (revision 2560308043). Existence checks by name fragments (Ferhat, Abbas, فرحات عباس) and by QID across data/person and data/source found no prior record. The lane queue gives 1899–1985, which the sources confirm.",
   "generated_by": "Muse (Muse Spark 1.3)",
   "run": "century-additions-58"
  },
  "status": {
   "review": "published",
   "generated_by": "Muse (Muse Spark 1.3)"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "فرحات عباس (24 أغسطس 1899 – 24 ديسمبر 1985) سياسي وكاتب جزائري، أول رئيس للحكومة المؤقتة للجمهورية الجزائرية (1958–1961) وأول رئيس للمجلس الوطني التأسيسي بعد الاستقلال.{cite:wikipedia-ferhat-abbas-ar}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "نشأته",
     "markdown": "وُلد في منطقة جيجل (الطاهير؛ وتذكر المقالة الفرنسية دوار وجانة ببلدية الطاهير، والعربية الشحنة) لأسرة من الأعيان، وكان أبوه قايدًا. تعلّم القرآن صغيرًا، ثم درس الصيدلة بجامعة الجزائر وعمل صيدلانيًا في سطيف حيث دخل العمل السياسي، وأصدر كتابه الأول «الشاب الجزائري» سنة 1931.{cite:wikipedia-ferhat-abbas-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "البيان والاتحاد الديمقراطي",
     "markdown": "أصدر في 10 فبراير 1943 «بيان الشعب الجزائري» مطالبًا بجمهورية جزائرية في اتحاد مع فرنسا، وأسس سنة 1946 الاتحاد الديمقراطي للبيان الجزائري وانتُخب عضوًا في الجمعية التأسيسية الفرنسية.{cite:wikipedia-ferhat-abbas-en} ومع تعثر الإصلاح مال إلى الاستقلال، فانضم سنة 1956 إلى جبهة التحرير الوطني في القاهرة.{cite:wikipedia-ferhat-abbas-fr}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "الحكومة المؤقتة وما بعدها",
     "markdown": "ترأس الحكومة المؤقتة للجمهورية الجزائرية منذ إعلانها في سبتمبر 1958 حتى أغسطس 1961، ثم ترأس المجلس الوطني التأسيسي بعد الاستقلال من سبتمبر 1962 حتى استقالته سنة 1963، ووُضع لاحقًا قيد الإقامة الجبرية. من كتبه «الليل الاستعماري» (1962) و«تشريح حرب» (1980). توفي في الجزائر العاصمة في 24 ديسمبر 1985 ودُفن في مقبرة العالية.{cite:wikipedia-ferhat-abbas-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "المراجع",
     "markdown": "{{cite:wikipedia-ferhat-abbas-ar}} {{cite:wikipedia-ferhat-abbas-en}} {{cite:wikipedia-ferhat-abbas-fr}}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/ferhat-abbas",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-26"
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Summary",
     "markdown": "Ferhat Abbas (24 August 1899 – 24 December 1985) was an Algerian politician and writer, the first president of the Provisional Government of the Algerian Republic (GPRA) from 1958 to 1961 and the first president of Algeria's National Constituent Assembly after independence.{cite:wikipedia-ferhat-abbas-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Early life",
     "markdown": "Abbas was born at Taher, in the Jijel region, into a family of local notables; his father was a caïd. After Qur'an schooling he studied at Sétif and Algiers and trained at the pharmacy school of the University of Algiers, then practised as a pharmacist in Sétif, where he entered politics.{cite:wikipedia-ferhat-abbas-en} His first book, Le Jeune Algérien (1931), set out the demands of the young Algerian educated class.{cite:wikipedia-ferhat-abbas-fr}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "The Manifesto and the UDMA",
     "markdown": "On 10 February 1943 Abbas issued the Manifesto of the Algerian People, demanding an Algerian republic in federation with France. In 1946 he founded the Democratic Union of the Algerian Manifesto (UDMA) and was elected to the French Constituent Assembly.{cite:wikipedia-ferhat-abbas-en} Disappointed by the refusal of reform, he moved towards independence and in 1956 joined the National Liberation Front (FLN) in Cairo.{cite:wikipedia-ferhat-abbas-fr}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "The GPRA and after",
     "markdown": "When the Provisional Government of the Algerian Republic was proclaimed in September 1958, Abbas became its first president, serving until August 1961.{cite:wikipedia-ferhat-abbas-en} After independence he presided over the National Constituent Assembly from September 1962 until his resignation in 1963; he was later placed under house arrest. His later books include La nuit coloniale (1962) and Autopsie d'une guerre (1980). He died in Algiers on 24 December 1985 and is buried in the El Alia Cemetery.{cite:wikipedia-ferhat-abbas-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "References",
     "markdown": "{{cite:wikipedia-ferhat-abbas-en}} {{cite:wikipedia-ferhat-abbas-fr}} {{cite:wikipedia-ferhat-abbas-ar}}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/ferhat-abbas",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-26"
  },
  "ur": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "خلاصہ",
     "markdown": "فرحت عباس (24 اگست 1899 – 24 دسمبر 1985) جزائری سیاست دان اور مصنف تھے، جمہوریہ جزائر کی عبوری حکومت کے پہلے صدر (1958–1961) اور آزادی کے بعد قومی آئین ساز اسمبلی کے پہلے صدر۔{cite:wikipedia-ferhat-abbas-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "ابتدائی زندگی",
     "markdown": "وہ جیجل کے علاقے طاہر میں ایک معزز خاندان میں پیدا ہوئے؛ ان کے والد قائد تھے۔ قرآن کی تعلیم کے بعد انہوں نے جامعہ جزائر سے فارمیسی کی تعلیم حاصل کی اور سطیف میں فارماسسٹ کے طور پر کام کرتے ہوئے سیاست میں داخل ہوئے۔ ان کی پہلی کتاب «الجزائری نوجوان» 1931 میں شائع ہوئی۔{cite:wikipedia-ferhat-abbas-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "منشور اور جمہوری یونین",
     "markdown": "10 فروری 1943 کو انہوں نے «جزائری عوام کا منشور» جاری کیا جس میں فرانس کے ساتھ وفاق میں جزائری جمہوریہ کا مطالبہ تھا۔ 1946 میں انہوں نے جزائری منشور کی جمہوری یونین قائم کی اور فرانسیسی آئین ساز اسمبلی کے رکن منتخب ہوئے۔ اصلاحات کی ناکامی پر وہ آزادی کی طرف مائل ہوئے اور 1956 میں قاہرہ میں جبهة التحرير الوطني میں شامل ہو گئے۔{cite:wikipedia-ferhat-abbas-fr}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "عبوری حکومت اور بعد",
     "markdown": "ستمبر 1958 میں عبوری حکومت کے قیام پر وہ اس کے پہلے صدر بنے اور اگست 1961 تک اس عہدے پر رہے۔ آزادی کے بعد وہ ستمبر 1962 سے 1963 میں استعفے تک قومی آئین ساز اسمبلی کے صدر رہے اور بعد میں نظر بند بھی رہے۔ ان کی کتابوں میں «اللیل الاستعماری» (1962) اور «تشريح حرب» (1980) شامل ہیں۔ ان کا انتقال 24 دسمبر 1985 کو جزائر شہر میں ہوا اور وہ مقبرہ عالیہ میں دفن ہوئے۔{cite:wikipedia-ferhat-abbas-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "حوالہ جات",
     "markdown": "{{cite:wikipedia-ferhat-abbas-ur}} {{cite:wikipedia-ferhat-abbas-en}} {{cite:wikipedia-ferhat-abbas-fr}}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/ferhat-abbas",
    "lang": "ur",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-26"
  }
 },
 "degree": 4,
 "contemporaries": [
  "person/abdul-hai-arifi",
  "person/hashim-larijani",
  "person/hassanein-makhlouf",
  "person/khan-abdul-ghaffar-khan",
  "person/mohammad-ali-araki",
  "person/said-al-mufti",
  "person/tawfiq-al-hakim",
  "person/uzair-gul-peshawari",
  "person/muhammad-zafrullah-khan",
  "person/bawa-muhaiyaddeen",
  "person/ruhollah-khomeini",
  "person/abdullah-musawi-shirazi"
 ],
 "updated": "2026-10-26",
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "place/algiers",
   "type": "died_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-ferhat-abbas-en",
    "source/wikipedia-ferhat-abbas-fr"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "place/algiers",
   "type": "buried_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-ferhat-abbas-en"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "event/algiers-expedition-1541",
  "event/algiers-joins-ottoman-1519",
  "event/capture-of-algiers-1516",
  "event/capture-of-algiers-1529",
  "event/end-beylerbey-algiers-995",
  "event/french-occupation-algiers-1246",
  "event/uluj-ali-morocco-1581",
  "person/abdelaziz-bouteflika"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}