{
 "id": "person/ghazi-muhammad",
 "class": "person",
 "slug": "ghazi-muhammad",
 "label": {
  "ar": "غازي محمد الغيمراوي",
  "en": "Ghazi Muhammad",
  "ur": "قاضی محمد"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "غازي محمد بن إسماعيل الغيمراوي (1795–1832)، المعروف في المصادر الروسية بقاضي مُلّا، عالم داغستاني وصوفي نقشبندي صار أول أئمة داغستان والشيشان (1829–1832)؛ قاد حملة لإحلال الشريعة محل القانون العرفي (العادات)، وأعلن الغزوات ضد التوسع الروسي سنة 1830، وقُتل عند اقتحام قريته غيمري في 17 (29) أكتوبر 1832.",
  "en": "Ghazi Muhammad ibn Ismail al-Gimrawi (1795–1832), called Kazi-Mulla in Russian sources, was a Dagestani scholar and Naqshbandi Sufi who became the first Imam of Dagestan and Chechnya (1829–1832). He campaigned to replace customary law (adat) with sharia, declared ghazavat against Russian expansion in 1830, and was killed at the storming of his native Gimry on 17 (29) October 1832.",
  "ur": "غازی محمد بن اسماعیل الغیمراوی (1795–1832)، جو روسی مآخذ میں قاضی مُلّا کے نام سے معروف ہیں، داغستانی عالم اور نقشبندی صوفی تھے جو داغستان و چیچنیا کے پہلے امام بنے (1829–1832)۔ انہوں نے عرفی قانون (عادت) کی جگہ شریعت کے نفاذ کی مہم چلائی، 1830 میں روسی توسیع کے خلاف غزوات کا اعلان کیا، اور 17 (29) اکتوبر 1832 کو اپنے آبائی گاؤں گمری پر حملے میں قتل کیے گئے۔"
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "people"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "anatolia-balkans"
 ],
 "periods": [],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 1795.0011978343155,
  "latest": 1832.8281210428372
 },
 "display": {
  "start": {
   "edtf": "1795",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "debated",
   "derived": false,
   "note": "The birth year is debated. Most sources give 1793 or 1795 (the English article's notes, and the Urdu article's 1793 with a question mark); the Russian and Arabic articles and Wikidata give 1795, which is carried; Gammer concludes only that he was born in the early 1790s, a few years older than Shamil, and the English infobox's 'circa 1790' is not followed. He was born at Gimry in Dagestan; no entity exists for Gimry, so no born_in edge is written. No Hijri pairing is attested in the sources read, so no hijri key is carried.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-ghazi-muhammad-en",
    "source/wikipedia-ghazi-muhammad-ru",
    "source/wikipedia-ghazi-muhammad-ar",
    "source/wikidata-ghazi-muhammad"
   ]
  },
  "end": {
   "edtf": "1832-10-29",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "Killed at the storming of Gimry on 17 October 1832 by the Julian calendar then in use in Russia — the same day as 29 October Gregorian, the dual form the English article's infobox gives; the Gregorian day is carried. Wikidata's 1832-10-17 stores the Julian day under a Gregorian calendar model. His body was taken to Tarki and later reburied at Gimry, where a shrine stands over the grave; no entity exists for Gimry, so no died_in or buried_in edge is written. No Hijri pairing is attested, so no hijri key is carried.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-ghazi-muhammad-en",
    "source/wikipedia-ghazi-muhammad-ru",
    "source/wikidata-ghazi-muhammad"
   ]
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "names": [
   {
    "value": "Ghazi Muhammad ibn Ismail al-Gimrawi al-Dagestani",
    "kind": "full"
   },
   {
    "value": "ГъазимухӀамад",
    "kind": "full"
   },
   {
    "value": "Ghazi Muhammad",
    "kind": "given"
   },
   {
    "value": "Kazi-Mulla",
    "kind": "alternate"
   },
   {
    "value": "Kazi-Magoma",
    "kind": "alternate"
   }
  ],
  "gender": "male",
  "born": {
   "edtf": "1795",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "debated",
   "derived": false,
   "note": "The birth year is debated. Most sources give 1793 or 1795 (the English article's notes, and the Urdu article's 1793 with a question mark); the Russian and Arabic articles and Wikidata give 1795, which is carried; Gammer concludes only that he was born in the early 1790s, a few years older than Shamil, and the English infobox's 'circa 1790' is not followed. He was born at Gimry in Dagestan; no entity exists for Gimry, so no born_in edge is written. No Hijri pairing is attested in the sources read, so no hijri key is carried.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-ghazi-muhammad-en",
    "source/wikipedia-ghazi-muhammad-ru",
    "source/wikipedia-ghazi-muhammad-ar",
    "source/wikidata-ghazi-muhammad"
   ]
  },
  "died": {
   "edtf": "1832-10-29",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "Killed at the storming of Gimry on 17 October 1832 by the Julian calendar then in use in Russia — the same day as 29 October Gregorian, the dual form the English article's infobox gives; the Gregorian day is carried. Wikidata's 1832-10-17 stores the Julian day under a Gregorian calendar model. His body was taken to Tarki and later reburied at Gimry, where a shrine stands over the grave; no entity exists for Gimry, so no died_in or buried_in edge is written. No Hijri pairing is attested, so no hijri key is carried.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-ghazi-muhammad-en",
    "source/wikipedia-ghazi-muhammad-ru",
    "source/wikidata-ghazi-muhammad"
   ]
  },
  "roles": [
   "scholar",
   "mystic",
   "emir"
  ],
  "faith": [
   {
    "value": "sufi",
    "basis": "documented",
    "note": "Two independent texts attest Ghazi Muhammad's Naqshbandi affiliation personally. The English article's text records that in 1825 he went to Gazi-Kumukh to visit the sheikhs of the Naqshbandi order, soon 'became a dedicated member', studied under the Naqshbandi sheikh Jamal al-Din al-Ghazi-Ghumuqi and completed his training under the latter's murshid Muhammad al-Yaraghi, who — according to some sources — granted him the title of sheikh and ijaza to initiate new members. The Russian article's text independently records that he entered the Naqshbandi tariqa under Jamal al-Din, who gave him permission to be counted a sheikh; the Arabic article's text adds that he and Shamil both affiliated to the Sufi orders and that al-Yaraghi was his murshid. Membership, discipleship and sheikh-permission attested in independent texts settle the segment as sufi, documented, and the member_of relation to group/naqshbandiyya is written. No madhhab segment is recorded: the 'Sunni Islam' of the English and Arabic infoboxes is one infobox family and Wikidata's religion value is Islam in general; the English text's remark that he favoured the legal norms of the Shafi'i school states the law he enforced as imam, and the Russian text lists Shafi'i law among the subjects of his education — neither is a second independent text naming his own madhhab.",
    "sources": [
     "source/wikipedia-ghazi-muhammad-en",
     "source/wikipedia-ghazi-muhammad-ru",
     "source/wikipedia-ghazi-muhammad-ar",
     "source/wikidata-ghazi-muhammad"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "external_ids": {
   "wikidata": "Q2343038"
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/wikipedia-ghazi-muhammad-en",
   "source/wikipedia-ghazi-muhammad-ru",
   "source/wikipedia-ghazi-muhammad-ar",
   "source/wikipedia-ghazi-muhammad-ur",
   "source/wikidata-ghazi-muhammad"
  ],
  "status": {
   "review": "published"
  },
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "English, Russian, Arabic and Urdu Wikipedia articles on Ghazi Muhammad and Wikidata item Q2343038, each read at a recorded revision (the Chechen and Avar articles were not used); existence checked both ways before building — name fragments (ghazi muhammad, gazi-magomed, kazi-mulla) across data/person found no record, and Q2343038, grounded through the English article's page properties, grepped across all data/person files with zero hits; two wrong items returned by early name-based queries (Q2476798, a German literary historian, and — for Shamil's son — Q4206704, a disambiguation page) were rejected on their labels and sitelinks before any use; the Wikidata item was read twice with identical revision and claims, and each article was fetched by its recorded revid with equality asserted. Relations refused, with reasons: student_of edges to Jamal al-Din al-Ghazi-Ghumuqi and Muhammad al-Yaraghi — neither teacher has a record (Wikidata's student-of value Q18747992 likewise has none); any edge to Imam Shamil — Shamil was Ghazi Muhammad's murid and close friend, whom he introduced to Jamal al-Din, so the attested direction is Shamil student_of Ghazi Muhammad, an edge that belongs in Shamil's record, which already exists and is not edited in this batch; writing student_of here would reverse the direction; a successor_of edge to Gamzat-bek — his successor as imam is not yet built; died_in and buried_in edges to Gimry — no place entity exists.",
   "generated_by": "Muse (Muse Spark 1.3)",
   "run": "century-additions-106"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "التعليم والنقشبندية",
     "markdown": "وُلد في غيمري، ودرس العربية والقرآن في قاراناي وعلى عدد من علماء داغستان {cite:wikipedia-ghazi-muhammad-en}. وفي 1825 قصد غازي قوموق، وصار عضوًا مخلصًا في الطريقة النقشبندية، ودرس على شيخها جمال الدين الغازي غوموقي ثم على مرشد الأخير محمد اليراغي، الذي زوّجه ابنته ومنحه — بحسب بعض المصادر — لقب الشيخ والإجازة في إدخال الأعضاء الجدد {cite:wikipedia-ghazi-muhammad-en}. وتسجل المقالة الروسية استقلالًا دخوله الطريقة النقشبندية على يد جمال الدين {cite:wikipedia-ghazi-muhammad-ru}. وقد عرّف صديقه الحميم شاملًا بالأستاذ نفسه {cite:wikipedia-ghazi-muhammad-en}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "الإمامة والوفاة",
     "markdown": "بصفته مُلّا وقاضيًا في غيمري قاد حملة لإحلال الشريعة محل القانون العرفي (العادات)، وكسب غيمري والاتحادات المجاورة لبرنامجه في 1826–1827 {cite:wikipedia-ghazi-muhammad-en}. وأُعلن إمامًا أواخر 1829، وأعلن الغزوات ضد الروس سنة 1830، وبلغ ذروته سنة 1831 مسيطرًا على معظم الشيشان وداغستان {cite:wikipedia-ghazi-muhammad-en}. وبعد انتكاسات متصاعدة حوصر في غيمري وقُتل في 17 (29) أكتوبر 1832، وقد قفز — كما يُروى — على حراب الروس؛ وكان شامل، جريحًا، أحد ناجيَين اثنين فقط {cite:wikipedia-ghazi-muhammad-en}. وخلفه في غضون أيام نائبه حمزة بك {cite:wikipedia-ghazi-muhammad-en}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "الدين",
     "markdown": "يشهد نصان مستقلان بانتماء غازي محمد النقشبندي شخصيًا — رواية المقالة الإنجليزية لعضويته وتتلمذه وإذنه بالمشيخة {cite:wikipedia-ghazi-muhammad-en} وسجلّ المقالة الروسية لدخوله الطريقة على يد جمال الدين {cite:wikipedia-ghazi-muhammad-ru}، وتضيف المقالة العربية أن اليراغي كان مرشده {cite:wikipedia-ghazi-muhammad-ar}. لذلك سُجّلت خانة دينه «صوفي» موثقة، وكُتبت عضويته في النقشبندية علاقةً. ولم تُسجل خانة مذهبية: فـ«الإسلام السني» في صندوقي معلومات المقالتين الإنجليزية والعربية عائلة واحدة وقيمة ويكيداتا هي «الإسلام» عامة {cite:wikidata-ghazi-muhammad}؛ وكونه آثر أحكام المذهب الشافعي {cite:wikipedia-ghazi-muhammad-en} يصف القانون الذي طبّقه، لا نصًا ثانيًا يسمّي مذهبه هو."
    },
    {
     "heading": "المصادر",
     "markdown": "- كيانات المصادر المعرّفة المذكورة أعلاه، والمسجلة في `data/source/`.\n- يجب أن تكون مراجعات هذه المقالة مؤرخة، وأن تسمي المصدر الذي غيّر كل واقعة."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/ghazi-muhammad",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-27"
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Education and the Naqshbandiyya",
     "markdown": "Born at Gimry, he studied Arabic and the Qur'an at Karanay and under several Dagestani ulama {cite:wikipedia-ghazi-muhammad-en}. In 1825 he went to Gazi-Kumukh, became a dedicated member of the Naqshbandi order, and studied under its sheikh Jamal al-Din al-Ghazi-Ghumuqi and then under the latter's murshid Muhammad al-Yaraghi, who gave him a daughter in marriage and, according to some sources, the title of sheikh and ijaza to initiate members {cite:wikipedia-ghazi-muhammad-en}. The Russian article independently records that he entered the Naqshbandi tariqa under Jamal al-Din {cite:wikipedia-ghazi-muhammad-ru}. He introduced his close friend Shamil to the same teacher {cite:wikipedia-ghazi-muhammad-en}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "Imamate and death",
     "markdown": "As mullah and qadi of Gimry he campaigned to replace customary law (adat) with sharia, winning Gimry and the neighbouring confederations to his programme in 1826–1827 {cite:wikipedia-ghazi-muhammad-en}. Proclaimed imam in late 1829, he declared ghazavat against the Russians in 1830 and at his peak in 1831 held most of Chechnya and Dagestan {cite:wikipedia-ghazi-muhammad-en}. After mounting setbacks he was trapped at Gimry and killed on 17 (29) October 1832, leaping, it is said, onto the Russian bayonets; Shamil, wounded, was one of only two survivors {cite:wikipedia-ghazi-muhammad-en}. He was succeeded within days by his deputy Hamzat Bek {cite:wikipedia-ghazi-muhammad-en}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "Faith",
     "markdown": "Two independent texts attest Ghazi Muhammad's Naqshbandi affiliation personally — the English article's account of his membership, discipleship and sheikh-permission {cite:wikipedia-ghazi-muhammad-en} and the Russian article's record of his entering the tariqa under Jamal al-Din {cite:wikipedia-ghazi-muhammad-ru}, with the Arabic article adding that al-Yaraghi was his murshid {cite:wikipedia-ghazi-muhammad-ar}. His faith segment is therefore recorded as sufi, documented, and his membership of the Naqshbandiyya is written as a relation. No madhhab segment is recorded: the \"Sunni Islam\" of the English and Arabic infoboxes is one family and Wikidata's value is Islam in general {cite:wikidata-ghazi-muhammad}; that he favoured the legal norms of the Shafi'i school {cite:wikipedia-ghazi-muhammad-en} states the law he enforced, not a second text naming his own madhhab."
    },
    {
     "heading": "Sources",
     "markdown": "- The defined source entities cited above, recorded in `data/source/`.\n- Revisions of this article must be dated, and must name the source that changed each fact."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/ghazi-muhammad",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-27"
  },
  "ur": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "تعلیم اور نقشبندیہ",
     "markdown": "وہ گمری میں پیدا ہوئے، قارانائے میں اور کئی داغستانی علماء کے پاس عربی اور قرآن کی تعلیم حاصل کی {cite:wikipedia-ghazi-muhammad-en}۔ 1825 میں وہ غازی قوموق گئے، نقشبندی سلسلے کے مخلص رکن بنے، اس کے شیخ جمال الدین الغازی غوموقی اور پھر ان کے مرشد محمد الیراغی کے شاگرد رہے، جنہوں نے انہیں اپنی بیٹی کا رشتہ دیا اور — بعض مآخذ کے مطابق — شیخ کا لقب اور نئے ارکان کو داخل کرنے کی اجازت دی {cite:wikipedia-ghazi-muhammad-en}۔ روسی مضمون آزادانہ درج کرتا ہے کہ وہ جمال الدین کے زیرِ تربیت نقشبندی طریقے میں داخل ہوئے {cite:wikipedia-ghazi-muhammad-ru}۔ انہوں نے اپنے قریبی دوست شامل کو بھی اسی استاد سے متعارف کرایا {cite:wikipedia-ghazi-muhammad-en}۔"
    },
    {
     "heading": "امامت اور وفات",
     "markdown": "گمری کے مُلّا اور قاضی کی حیثیت سے انہوں نے عرفی قانون (عادت) کی جگہ شریعت کے نفاذ کی مہم چلائی اور 1826–1827 میں گمری اور پڑوسی اتحادوں کو اپنے پروگرام پر آمادہ کیا {cite:wikipedia-ghazi-muhammad-en}۔ 1829 کے اواخر میں امام قرار پائے، 1830 میں روس کے خلاف غزوات کا اعلان کیا، اور 1831 میں اپنی طاقت کے عروج پر بیشتر چیچنیا و داغستان ان کے زیرِ اثر تھا {cite:wikipedia-ghazi-muhammad-en}۔ بڑھتی ہوئی ناکامیوں کے بعد وہ گمری میں محصور ہوئے اور 17 (29) اکتوبر 1832 کو قتل کیے گئے — کہا جاتا ہے کہ وہ روسی سنگینوں پر کود پڑے؛ زخمی شامل صرف دو زندہ بچنے والوں میں سے ایک تھے {cite:wikipedia-ghazi-muhammad-en}۔ چند دنوں میں ان کے نائب حمزہ بیک ان کے جانشین بنے {cite:wikipedia-ghazi-muhammad-en}۔"
    },
    {
     "heading": "مذہب",
     "markdown": "دو آزاد متون غازی محمد کے نقشبندی انتماء کی ذاتی شہادت دیتے ہیں — انگریزی مضمون کی ان کی رکنیت، شاگردی اور مشیخت کی اجازت کی روایت {cite:wikipedia-ghazi-muhammad-en} اور روسی مضمون کا جمال الدین کے ہاتھ ان کے طریقے میں داخلے کا ریکارڈ {cite:wikipedia-ghazi-muhammad-ru}، اور عربی مضمون یہ اضافہ کرتا ہے کہ الیراغی ان کے مرشد تھے {cite:wikipedia-ghazi-muhammad-ar}۔ اس لیے ان کے مذہب کا خانہ «صوفی» درج کیا گیا ہے، موثق، اور نقشبندیہ میں ان کی رکنیت کو رشتے کے طور پر لکھا گیا ہے۔ کوئی مذہبی مکتب درج نہیں کیا گیا: انگریزی اور عربی معلوماتی خانوں کا «سنی اسلام» ایک ہی خاندان ہے اور ویکی ڈیٹا کی قیمت عام «اسلام» ہے {cite:wikidata-ghazi-muhammad}؛ یہ کہ انہوں نے شافعی مکتب کے قانونی اصولوں کو ترجیح دی {cite:wikipedia-ghazi-muhammad-en}، اس قانون کو بیان کرتا ہے جو انہوں نے نافذ کیا، ان کے اپنے مذہب کو نام دینے والا دوسرا متن نہیں۔"
    },
    {
     "heading": "مآخذ",
     "markdown": "- اوپر مذکور معرّف ماخذی اکائیاں، جو `data/source/` میں درج ہیں۔\n- اس مضمون کی ہر ترمیم مؤرخہ ہونی چاہیے، اور ہر واقعے کو بدلنے والے ماخذ کا نام دینا چاہیے۔"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/ghazi-muhammad",
    "lang": "ur",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-27"
  }
 },
 "degree": 4,
 "contemporaries": [
  "person/ahmadullah-shah",
  "person/al-bajuri-ibrahim-ibn-muhammad",
  "person/al-rahmati",
  "person/al-shawkani",
  "person/amir-khan-pathan-chief",
  "person/azurda",
  "person/bahadur-shah-zafar",
  "person/bayram-muhammad-ibn-muhammad",
  "person/bilali-muhammad",
  "person/dost-mohammad-khan",
  "person/gamzat-bek",
  "person/hamdan-khoja"
 ],
 "updated": "2026-10-27",
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "person/gamzat-bek",
   "type": "predecessor_of",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-gamzat-bek-en",
    "source/wikipedia-gamzat-bek-ru"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "group/naqshbandiyya",
   "type": "member_of",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-ghazi-muhammad-en",
    "source/wikipedia-ghazi-muhammad-ru"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "person/imam-shamil",
  "person/jamaat-ali-shah",
  "person/muhammad-shafee-okarvi",
  "person/sulaiman-nadvi",
  "group/naqshbandiyya",
  "person/gamzat-bek"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}