{
 "id": "person/hamza-hakimzade-niyazi",
 "class": "person",
 "slug": "hamza-hakimzade-niyazi",
 "label": {
  "ar": "حمزة حكيم زاده نيازي",
  "en": "Hamza Hakimzade Niyazi",
  "ur": "حمزہ حکیم زادہ نیازی"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "شاعر وكاتب مسرحي وملحن أوزبكي (1889–1929م)، مؤسس الأشكال الموسيقية الأوزبكية الحديثة والواقعية الاجتماعية الأوزبكية، ومعلم جديدي فتح مدارس للفقراء وحارب الخرافة ودافع عن تعليم النساء، رُجم حتى الموت في شاه مردان.",
  "en": "Uzbek poet, playwright and composer (1889–1929), founder of modern Uzbek musical forms and Uzbek social realism, a Jadid schoolteacher who opened schools for the poor, campaigned against superstition and for women's education, and was stoned to death at Shohimardon."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "people"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "persia-central-asia"
 ],
 "periods": [],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 1889.1769851536992,
  "latest": 1929.2106614098536
 },
 "display": {
  "start": {
   "edtf": "1889-03-06",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": false,
   "note": "Born in Kokand on 6 March 1889 (New Style), the date given by the English, Uzbek and Arabic articles; the Russian article and Wikidata give 22 February 1889 in the Julian calendar, the same day. No source consulted gives a Hijri pairing, so no hijri value is recorded.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-hamza-hakimzade-niyazi-en",
    "source/wikipedia-hamza-hakimzade-niyazi-ru",
    "source/wikipedia-hamza-hakimzade-niyazi-uz",
    "source/wikidata-hamza-hakimzade-niyazi"
   ]
  },
  "end": {
   "edtf": "1929-03-18",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": false,
   "note": "Stoned to death at Shohimardon on 18 March 1929, the date given by the English, Russian, Uzbek and Arabic articles and by Wikidata. The Urdu article gives the same date but a different account of the killing (shot by Basmachi gunmen), which is not followed. No source consulted gives a Hijri pairing, so no hijri value is recorded.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-hamza-hakimzade-niyazi-en",
    "source/wikipedia-hamza-hakimzade-niyazi-ru",
    "source/wikipedia-hamza-hakimzade-niyazi-uz"
   ]
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "names": [
   {
    "value": "Hamza Hakimzade Niyazi",
    "kind": "full"
   },
   {
    "value": "Hamza Hakimzoda Niyoziy",
    "kind": "alternate"
   },
   {
    "value": "Ҳамза Ҳакимзода Ниёзий",
    "kind": "alternate"
   },
   {
    "value": "Nihoniy",
    "kind": "pen"
   }
  ],
  "roles": [
   "poet",
   "playwright",
   "writer",
   "composer",
   "activist",
   "teacher"
  ],
  "born": {
   "edtf": "1889-03-06",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": false,
   "note": "Born in Kokand on 6 March 1889 (New Style), the date given by the English, Uzbek and Arabic articles; the Russian article and Wikidata give 22 February 1889 in the Julian calendar, the same day. No source consulted gives a Hijri pairing, so no hijri value is recorded.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-hamza-hakimzade-niyazi-en",
    "source/wikipedia-hamza-hakimzade-niyazi-ru",
    "source/wikipedia-hamza-hakimzade-niyazi-uz",
    "source/wikidata-hamza-hakimzade-niyazi"
   ]
  },
  "died": {
   "edtf": "1929-03-18",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": false,
   "note": "Stoned to death at Shohimardon on 18 March 1929, the date given by the English, Russian, Uzbek and Arabic articles and by Wikidata. The Urdu article gives the same date but a different account of the killing (shot by Basmachi gunmen), which is not followed. No source consulted gives a Hijri pairing, so no hijri value is recorded.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-hamza-hakimzade-niyazi-en",
    "source/wikipedia-hamza-hakimzade-niyazi-ru",
    "source/wikipedia-hamza-hakimzade-niyazi-uz"
   ]
  },
  "faith": [
   {
    "value": "unknown",
    "basis": "unknown",
    "note": "FLAGGED for the founder: the unbelief reading is strong in one tradition but contested, and does not meet the two-independent-source bar. The English article's lead states that Hamza, born to a devout Muslim family, 'became an atheist over time'; its text records that Kokand clergy accused him of promoting atheism, that he campaigned against religious fanaticism and superstition, promoted the hujum, and intended to remove the shrine at Shohimardon whose custodians, he held, extorted the peasants; Wikidata likewise carries atheism, and he was among the first Uzbeks to join the Communist Party. Against this, the Russian and Uzbek articles make no atheist attestation at all, and the Russian article records that since independence his Soviet-era portrait has been contested in Uzbekistan to the point that he has been publicly declared 'an enemy of the Uzbek people and Islam' amid the renaming of places that bore his name. The atheist portrait descends substantially from Soviet-era hagiography of an anti-religious campaigner, an interested source family. Both readings are preserved here and the value is unknown under the doubt rule, pending the founder's ruling on whether anti-religious activism of this documented strength should be recorded as atheist-or-sceptic.",
    "sources": [
     "source/wikipedia-hamza-hakimzade-niyazi-en",
     "source/wikipedia-hamza-hakimzade-niyazi-ru",
     "source/wikipedia-hamza-hakimzade-niyazi-uz",
     "source/wikidata-hamza-hakimzade-niyazi"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "sources": [
   "source/wikipedia-hamza-hakimzade-niyazi-en",
   "source/wikipedia-hamza-hakimzade-niyazi-ru",
   "source/wikipedia-hamza-hakimzade-niyazi-uz",
   "source/wikidata-hamza-hakimzade-niyazi"
  ],
  "external_ids": {
   "wikidata": "Q45124"
  },
  "status": {
   "review": "published"
  },
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "English, Russian and Uzbek Wikipedia articles on Hamza Hakimzade Niyazi read in full at recorded revisions (Arabic, Tajik and Urdu editions also read), and Wikidata item Q45124 (grounded through the English article's page property, read twice identically), 27 October 2026",
   "generated_by": "Muse (Muse Spark 1.3)",
   "run": "century-additions-103"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "حياته ومدارسه",
     "markdown": "وُلد في قوقند في 6 مارس 1889م (بالتقويم الجديد؛ وتعطي المقالة الروسية وويكي بيانات 22 فبراير بالتقويم اليولياني)، أصغر أربعة أبناء لعطار ثري، وتعلّم في مكتب ثم في مدرسة سبع سنوات {cite:wikipedia-hamza-hakimzade-niyazi-en} {cite:wikipedia-hamza-hakimzade-niyazi-ru}. فتح مدارس مجانية للفقراء — في قوقند سنة 1911م ثم في مرغيلان — وألّف كتبًا دراسية وشعرًا باسم مستعار هو «نيهوني»، وصار من أوائل الأوزبك المنضمين إلى الحزب الشيوعي {cite:wikipedia-hamza-hakimzade-niyazi-en} {cite:wikipedia-hamza-hakimzade-niyazi-uz}. عالجت أعماله حقوق النساء وعدم المساواة الاجتماعية وانتشار الخرافة {cite:wikipedia-hamza-hakimzade-niyazi-en}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "حملاته ووفاته",
     "markdown": "حين كان مكلفًا في شاه مردان، دعا حمزة إلى الحجوم ومحو الأمية، ورأى أن مقام علي هناك ليس مرقده وأن القائمين عليه يبتزون الفلاحين باسمه؛ فاتهمه رجال الدين المحليون بترويج الإلحاد، وفي 18 مارس 1929م رُجم حتى الموت {cite:wikipedia-hamza-hakimzade-niyazi-en} {cite:wikipedia-hamza-hakimzade-niyazi-uz}. وتعطي المقالة الأردية التاريخ نفسه برواية مختلفة للقتل — رميًا بالرصاص على أيدي البسمجيين {cite:wikidata-hamza-hakimzade-niyazi}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "مصير صورته",
     "markdown": "في العهد السوفييتي احتُفي بحمزة شهيدًا في النضال ضد الإقطاعية والتعصب الديني، وحملت اسمه شوارع ومسرح وجائزة أدبية رسمية {cite:wikipedia-hamza-hakimzade-niyazi-en}. وبعد الاستقلال تراجع تقديره كثيرًا في أوزبكستان، وتسجل المقالة الروسية أنه أُعلن علنًا عدوًا للشعب الأوزبكي والإسلام وسط إعادة تسمية الأماكن التي حملت اسمه {cite:wikipedia-hamza-hakimzade-niyazi-ru}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "عقيدته",
     "markdown": "يصرّح صدر المقالة الإنجليزية بأن حمزة، المولود لأسرة مسلمة متدينة، أصبح ملحدًا مع مرور الوقت، وتحمل ويكي بيانات الإلحاد قيمةً لدينه {cite:wikipedia-hamza-hakimzade-niyazi-en} {cite:wikidata-hamza-hakimzade-niyazi}. أما المقالتان الروسية والأوزبكية فلا تذكران الإلحاد أصلًا، وتلك الصورة تنحدر في معظمها من أدبيات التمجيد السوفييتية لحملاتيّ ضد الدين، وهي عائلة مصادر ذات مصلحة، والمصادر ما بعد السوفييتية تطعن فيها ولا تؤيدها {cite:wikipedia-hamza-hakimzade-niyazi-ru} {cite:wikipedia-hamza-hakimzade-niyazi-uz}. حُفظت القراءتان معًا في ملاحظة سجله، وسُجّلت عقيدته غير معروفة، موسومة بعلم للمؤسس، وفق قاعدة الشك."
    },
    {
     "heading": "Sources",
     "markdown": "- The defined source entities cited above, recorded in `data/source/`.\n- Revisions of this article must be dated, and must name the source that changed each fact."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/hamza-hakimzade-niyazi",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-27"
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Life and schools",
     "markdown": "He was born in Kokand on 6 March 1889 (New Style; the Russian article and Wikidata give 22 February in the Julian calendar), the youngest of four children of a wealthy apothecary, and was educated at a maktab and then a madrasa for seven years {cite:wikipedia-hamza-hakimzade-niyazi-en} {cite:wikipedia-hamza-hakimzade-niyazi-ru}. He opened free schools for the poor — in Kokand in 1911, and later at Margilan — wrote textbooks and poetry under the pen name Nihoniy, and became one of the first Uzbeks to join the Communist Party {cite:wikipedia-hamza-hakimzade-niyazi-en} {cite:wikipedia-hamza-hakimzade-niyazi-uz}. His works treated women's rights, social inequality and the prevalence of superstition {cite:wikipedia-hamza-hakimzade-niyazi-en}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "Campaigns and death",
     "markdown": "Stationed at Shohimardon, Hamza campaigned for the hujum and literacy and held that the shrine of Ali there was not Ali's resting place and that its custodians used it to extort the peasants; the local clergy accused him of promoting atheism, and on 18 March 1929 he was stoned to death {cite:wikipedia-hamza-hakimzade-niyazi-en} {cite:wikipedia-hamza-hakimzade-niyazi-uz}. The Urdu article gives the same date with a different account of the killing — shot by Basmachi gunmen {cite:wikidata-hamza-hakimzade-niyazi}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "Afterlife of the portrait",
     "markdown": "In the Soviet period Hamza was hailed as a martyr in the struggle against feudalism and religious fanaticism, and streets, a theatre and a state literature prize bore his name {cite:wikipedia-hamza-hakimzade-niyazi-en}. After independence he became significantly less revered in Uzbekistan, and the Russian article records that he has been publicly declared an enemy of the Uzbek people and Islam amid the renaming of places named for him {cite:wikipedia-hamza-hakimzade-niyazi-ru}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "Faith",
     "markdown": "The English article's lead states that Hamza, born to a devout Muslim family, became an atheist over time, and Wikidata carries atheism {cite:wikipedia-hamza-hakimzade-niyazi-en} {cite:wikidata-hamza-hakimzade-niyazi}. The Russian and Uzbek articles make no atheist attestation, and that portrait descends substantially from Soviet-era hagiography of an anti-religious campaigner, an interested family, which post-Soviet sources contest rather than corroborate {cite:wikipedia-hamza-hakimzade-niyazi-ru} {cite:wikipedia-hamza-hakimzade-niyazi-uz}. Both readings are preserved in his record's note, and his faith segment is recorded as unknown, flagged for the founder, under the doubt rule."
    },
    {
     "heading": "Sources",
     "markdown": "- The defined source entities cited above, recorded in `data/source/`.\n- Revisions of this article must be dated, and must name the source that changed each fact."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/hamza-hakimzade-niyazi",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-27"
  },
  "ur": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "زندگی اور مدارس",
     "markdown": "وہ 6 مارچ 1889ء کو خوقند میں پیدا ہوئے (نئے طرز کے مطابق؛ روسی مضمون اور وکی ڈیٹا جولیائی تقویم میں 22 فروری دیتے ہیں)، ایک دولتمند عطار کے چار بچوں میں سب سے چھوٹے، اور مکتب اور پھر سات سال مدرسے میں پڑھے {cite:wikipedia-hamza-hakimzade-niyazi-en} {cite:wikipedia-hamza-hakimzade-niyazi-ru}. انہوں نے غریبوں کے لیے مفت مدارس کھولے — 1911ء میں خوقند اور بعد میں مرغیلان میں — درسی کتابیں لکھیں اور «نیہونی» کے قلمی نام سے شاعری کی، اور کمیونسٹ پارٹی میں شامل ہونے والے اولین ازبکوں میں سے تھے {cite:wikipedia-hamza-hakimzade-niyazi-en} {cite:wikipedia-hamza-hakimzade-niyazi-uz}. ان کی تصانیف کے موضوعات خواتین کے حقوق، سماجی ناہمواری اور توہم پرستی کا پھیلاؤ تھے {cite:wikipedia-hamza-hakimzade-niyazi-en}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "مہمات اور وفات",
     "markdown": "شاہ مردان میں تعیناتی کے دوران حمزہ نے حجوم اور خواندگی کی مہم چلائی اور ان کا موقف تھا کہ وہاں کا علی کا مزار ان کا مدفن نہیں اور اس کے منتظمین اس کے نام پر کسانوں سے استحصال کرتے ہیں؛ مقامی علما نے ان پر کفر کے فروغ کا الزام لگایا، اور 18 مارچ 1929ء کو انہیں سنگسار کر دیا گیا {cite:wikipedia-hamza-hakimzade-niyazi-en} {cite:wikipedia-hamza-hakimzade-niyazi-uz}. اردو مضمون یہی تاریخ قتل کی مختلف روایت کے ساتھ دیتا ہے — باسماجیوں کے ہاتھوں گولی {cite:wikidata-hamza-hakimzade-niyazi}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "شہرت کا انجام",
     "markdown": "سوویت دور میں حمزہ کو جاگیرداری اور مذہبی جنونیت کے خلاف جدوجہد کا شہید قرار دیا گیا، اور گلیوں، ایک تھیٹر اور ایک سرکاری ادبی انعام کو ان کا نام ملا {cite:wikipedia-hamza-hakimzade-niyazi-en}. آزادی کے بعد ازبکستان میں ان کی قدر بہت کم ہو گئی، اور روسی مضمون درج کرتا ہے کہ ان کے نام کی جگہوں کی تبدیلی کے دوران انہیں ازبک قوم اور اسلام کا دشمن قرار دیا گیا {cite:wikipedia-hamza-hakimzade-niyazi-ru}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "عقیدہ",
     "markdown": "انگریزی مضمون کا صدر صاف کہتا ہے کہ حمزہ، جو ایک متدین مسلم خاندان میں پیدا ہوئے، وقت کے ساتھ ملحد ہو گئے، اور وکی ڈیٹا بھی ان کے مذہب کے طور پر الحاد درج کرتا ہے {cite:wikipedia-hamza-hakimzade-niyazi-en} {cite:wikidata-hamza-hakimzade-niyazi}. روسی اور ازبک مضامین الحاد کا کوئی ذکر نہیں کرتے، اور یہ تصویر زیادہ تر مذہب مخالف مہم چلانے والے کی سوویت تمجیدی ادب سے نکلی ہے، جو ایک مفاد رکھنے والا ماخذ خاندان ہے، اور مابعد سوویت ذرائع اس کی تائید کے بجائے اس پر اعتراض کرتے ہیں {cite:wikipedia-hamza-hakimzade-niyazi-ru} {cite:wikipedia-hamza-hakimzade-niyazi-uz}. دونوں قراءتیں ان کے ریکارڈ کی نوٹ میں محفوظ ہیں، اور ان کا عقیدہ قاعدہِ شک کے تحت، بانی کے لیے موسوم، نامعلوم درج ہے۔"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Sources",
     "markdown": "- The defined source entities cited above, recorded in `data/source/`.\n- Revisions of this article must be dated, and must name the source that changed each fact."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/hamza-hakimzade-niyazi",
    "lang": "ur",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-27"
  }
 },
 "degree": 0,
 "contemporaries": [
  "person/a-k-fazlul-huq",
  "person/abbas-hilmi-ii",
  "person/abd-al-hafid-of-morocco",
  "person/abd-al-hamid-ibn-badis",
  "person/abd-al-qadir-al-maghribi",
  "person/abd-al-rahman-shahbandar",
  "person/abd-el-krim",
  "person/abdelaziz-thaalbi",
  "person/abdelkader-hadj-ali",
  "person/abdul-hamid-khan-bhashani",
  "person/abdul-haq",
  "person/abdul-karim-amrullah"
 ],
 "updated": "2026-10-27",
 "connections": [],
 "related": [],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}