{
 "id": "person/hassan-ii-of-morocco",
 "class": "person",
 "slug": "hassan-ii-of-morocco",
 "label": {
  "ar": "الحسن الثاني",
  "en": "Hassan II of Morocco",
  "ur": "حسن ثانی"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "ملك المغرب من سنة 1961 إلى وفاته سنة 1999. وُلد في الرباط سنة 1929 وهو الابن الأكبر لمحمد الخامس، رافق والده في المنفى وشارك في مفاوضات الاستقلال، وخلفه على العرش سنة 1961، فأصدر أول دستور للمملكة سنة 1962، ونجا من محاولتي انقلاب سنتي 1971 و1972، ونظّم المسيرة الخضراء سنة 1975، وتوفي في الرباط فخلفه ابنه محمد السادس.",
  "en": "King of Morocco from 1961 until his death in 1999. Born at Rabat in 1929, the eldest son of Mohammed V, he accompanied his father in exile and took part in the independence negotiations, succeeded him on the throne in 1961, promulgated the kingdom's first constitution in 1962, survived the coup attempts of 1971 and 1972, organized the Green March of 1975, and died at Rabat, succeeded by his son Mohammed VI.",
  "ur": "1961 سے 1999 میں اپنی وفات تک مراکش کے بادشاہ۔ وہ 1929 میں رباط میں پیدا ہوئے، محمد الخامس کے سب سے بڑے بیٹے تھے، جلاوطنی میں والد کے ساتھ رہے اور آزادی کے مذاکرات میں شریک ہوئے، 1961 میں ان کے جانشین بنے، 1962 میں مملکت کا پہلا آئین جاری کیا، 1971 اور 1972 کی بغاوتوں سے بچ نکلے، 1975 میں سبز مارچ کا اہتمام کیا، اور رباط میں وفات پائی؛ ان کے جانشین ان کے بیٹے محمد سادس بنے۔"
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "people"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "maghreb"
 ],
 "periods": [],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 1929.517306994668,
  "latest": 1999.5584440474163
 },
 "display": {
  "start": {
   "edtf": "1929-07-09",
   "hijri": "1348",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "Born 9 July 1929 at the Dar al-Makhzen palace in Rabat (English infobox and article; Arabic lead agrees). The Hijri year 1348 is the pairing carried by the Arabic article's birth category. No place entity for Rabat exists in the graph, so no born_in relation is written.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-hassan-ii-of-morocco-en",
    "source/wikipedia-hassan-ii-of-morocco-ar",
    "source/wikidata-hassan-ii-of-morocco"
   ]
  },
  "end": {
   "edtf": "1999-07-23",
   "hijri": "1420",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "Died 23 July 1999 at Rabat and was buried on 25 July 1999 in the Royal Mausoleum there. The Hijri year 1420 is the pairing carried by the Arabic article's death category. No place entity for Rabat exists in the graph, so no died_in or buried_in relation is written.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-hassan-ii-of-morocco-en",
    "source/wikipedia-hassan-ii-of-morocco-ar",
    "source/wikidata-hassan-ii-of-morocco"
   ]
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "names": [
   {
    "value": "الحسن الثاني بن محمد بن يوسف العلوي",
    "kind": "full"
   },
   {
    "value": "Hassan bin Mohammed al-Alaoui",
    "kind": "full"
   },
   {
    "value": "Hassan II",
    "kind": "regnal"
   }
  ],
  "gender": "male",
  "roles": [
   "ruler"
  ],
  "born": {
   "edtf": "1929-07-09",
   "hijri": "1348",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "Born 9 July 1929 at the Dar al-Makhzen palace in Rabat (English infobox and article; Arabic lead agrees). The Hijri year 1348 is the pairing carried by the Arabic article's birth category. No place entity for Rabat exists in the graph, so no born_in relation is written.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-hassan-ii-of-morocco-en",
    "source/wikipedia-hassan-ii-of-morocco-ar",
    "source/wikidata-hassan-ii-of-morocco"
   ]
  },
  "died": {
   "edtf": "1999-07-23",
   "hijri": "1420",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "Died 23 July 1999 at Rabat and was buried on 25 July 1999 in the Royal Mausoleum there. The Hijri year 1420 is the pairing carried by the Arabic article's death category. No place entity for Rabat exists in the graph, so no died_in or buried_in relation is written.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-hassan-ii-of-morocco-en",
    "source/wikipedia-hassan-ii-of-morocco-ar",
    "source/wikidata-hassan-ii-of-morocco"
   ]
  },
  "faith": [
   {
    "value": "unknown",
    "basis": "unknown",
    "note": "No two independent sources name a school for him. The Sunni reading rests on a single structured assertion carried in three places that copy one another: the English article's infobox (Sunni Islam), the Arabic article's infobox (Ahl al-Sunna wa'l-Jama'a) and Wikidata (Q69103, Sunni Islam Q483654) — one source family. No text in any edition names a school for him personally; his traditional Islamic instruction at the Royal College is formation, his religious policy as king is state policy, and his Alaouite descent and Commander-of-the-Faithful headship do not attest a personal school.",
    "sources": [
     "source/wikipedia-hassan-ii-of-morocco-en",
     "source/wikipedia-hassan-ii-of-morocco-ar",
     "source/wikidata-hassan-ii-of-morocco"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "external_ids": {
   "wikidata": "Q69103"
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/wikipedia-hassan-ii-of-morocco-en",
   "source/wikipedia-hassan-ii-of-morocco-ar",
   "source/wikipedia-hassan-ii-of-morocco-ur",
   "source/wikidata-hassan-ii-of-morocco"
  ],
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "English, Arabic and Urdu Wikipedia articles on Hassan II of Morocco, each fetched by its recorded revision id (EN 1376878329, AR 76705059, UR 11715569) with the returned id asserted equal before use, and Wikidata item Q69103 (item revision 2560164083), the QID grounded through the articles' own page properties — all three editions agree on Q69103 — and the item read twice with identical claims. Existence checks by name fragments (Hassan II, الحسن الثاني), by QID and by biography across data/person found no prior record; Hassan I of Morocco (Q496845) is his great-grandfather, a different man with his own record. The child_of and successor_of edges to Mohammed V rest on the English infobox (father, predecessor) and text (eldest son; reign from 26 February 1961) and the Arabic article's agreement.",
   "generated_by": "Muse (Muse Spark 1.3)",
   "run": "century-additions-93"
  },
  "status": {
   "review": "published",
   "generated_by": "Muse (Muse Spark 1.3)"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "الحسن الثاني بن محمد بن يوسف العلوي، ملك المغرب من سنة 1961 إلى وفاته سنة 1999. وُلد في 9 يوليو 1929 في الرباط، وهو الابن الأكبر للسلطان محمد الخامس، وتلقى تعليما مزدوجا جمع بين التعليم الإسلامي التقليدي والدراسات الحديثة في المدرسة المولوية بالرباط، ثم درس القانون في جامعة بوردو. رافق والده في المنفى وشارك في المفاوضات التي أفضت إلى استقلال المغرب سنة 1956، وعيّنه والده قائدا عاما للقوات المسلحة الملكية وهو ولي للعهد. {cite:wikipedia-hassan-ii-of-morocco-en} {cite:wikipedia-hassan-ii-of-morocco-ar}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "العهد",
     "markdown": "ورث الحسن عند جلوسه سنة 1961 نظاما سياسيا هشا. فأصدر سنة 1962 أول دستور للمغرب أقرّ رسميا الملكية الدستورية ونظاما متعدد الأحزاب مع احتفاظ الملك بصلاحيات تنفيذية واسعة. وشهدت سنوات عهده الأولى اضطرابا، منها حرب الرمال مع الجزائر سنة 1963 واحتجاجات الدار البيضاء سنة 1965، فأعلن حالة الاستثناء وحكم بالمراسيم سنوات. واستعاد المغرب سيدي إفني من إسبانيا سنة 1969. {cite:wikipedia-hassan-ii-of-morocco-en}\n\nونجا الحسن من محاولتي انقلاب كبيرتين: هجوم الصخيرات سنة 1971 وهجوم سلاح الجو سنة 1972، فازداد إصرارا على تركيز السلطة. وفي سنة 1975 نظّم المسيرة الخضراء، وهي تعبئة جماهيرية لتأكيد سيادة المغرب على الصحراء الإسبانية سابقا، فبسط المغرب سيطرته على معظم الإقليم وبدأ نزاع الصحراء الغربية الطويل. وجمع حكمه بين بناء الدولة والتنمية الاقتصادية ورقابة سياسية صارمة، واتسم بنظام سلطوي ولا سيما خلال سنوات الرصاص. {cite:wikipedia-hassan-ii-of-morocco-en}\n\nتوفي الحسن في الرباط في 23 يوليو 1999 ودُفن في الضريح الملكي فيها، فخلفه ابنه محمد السادس. {cite:wikipedia-hassan-ii-of-morocco-en} {cite:wikipedia-hassan-ii-of-morocco-ar}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "المذهب",
     "markdown": "لا يسمّي أي نص في أي طبعة مذهبا للحسن الثاني شخصيا. وتقوم القراءة السنية على إثبات بنيوي واحد تحمله ثلاثة مواضع تنسخ بعضها: صندوق المعلومات الإنجليزي (الإسلام السني)، وصندوق المعلومات العربي (أهل السنة والجماعة)، وويكيداتا (الإسلام السني) — أسرة مصدرية واحدة. وتعليمه الإسلامي التقليدي تكوين، وسياسته الدينية سياسة دولة كان يرأسها، ونسبه العلوي ولقبه أمير المؤمنين رئاسة ونسب لا شهادة، ولذلك سُجّل مذهبه غير معروف. {cite:wikipedia-hassan-ii-of-morocco-en} {cite:wikipedia-hassan-ii-of-morocco-ar} {cite:wikidata-hassan-ii-of-morocco}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "المصادر",
     "markdown": "- كيانات المصادر المعرّفة المذكورة أعلاه، المسجلة في `data/source/`.\n- يجب أن تكون مراجعات هذه المقالة مؤرخة، وأن تسمّي المصدر الذي غيّر كل واقعة."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/hassan-ii-of-morocco",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-27"
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Summary",
     "markdown": "Hassan II was king of Morocco from 1961 until his death in 1999. He was born on 9 July 1929 at Rabat, the eldest son of Mohammed V, received an education combining traditional Islamic instruction with modern studies at the Royal College in Rabat, and pursued legal studies at the University of Bordeaux. He accompanied his father during his exile and took part in the negotiations that culminated in Morocco's independence in 1956; as crown prince he was named commander-in-chief of the Royal Armed Forces. {cite:wikipedia-hassan-ii-of-morocco-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Reign",
     "markdown": "On his accession in 1961 Hassan inherited a fragile political system. In 1962 he promulgated Morocco's first constitution, formally establishing a constitutional monarchy and a multi-party system while reserving extensive executive powers for the king. His early reign was marked by instability, including the Sand War with Algeria in 1963 and the Casablanca protests of 1965, after which he declared a state of exception and ruled by decree for several years. He oversaw the recovery of Sidi Ifni from Spain in 1969. {cite:wikipedia-hassan-ii-of-morocco-en}\n\nHe survived two major coup attempts — the Skhirat attack of 1971 and the air force attack of 1972 — which reinforced his determination to centralise power. In 1975 he organised the Green March, a mass mobilisation asserting Moroccan sovereignty over the former Spanish Sahara, leading to Morocco's control over much of the territory and the prolonged Western Sahara conflict. His rule combined state-building and economic development with strict political control, characterised by an authoritarian system particularly during the Years of Lead. {cite:wikipedia-hassan-ii-of-morocco-en}\n\nHassan died at Rabat on 23 July 1999 and was buried in the Royal Mausoleum there; he was succeeded by his son Mohammed VI. {cite:wikipedia-hassan-ii-of-morocco-en} {cite:wikipedia-hassan-ii-of-morocco-ar}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Faith",
     "markdown": "No text in any edition names a school for Hassan II personally. The Sunni reading rests on one structured assertion carried by the English infobox, the Arabic infobox and Wikidata alike — a single source family — and his traditional Islamic instruction was formation, while his religious policy was that of the state he headed. With his Alawi descent and Commander-of-the-Faithful style counted as headship rather than attestation, his faith is recorded as unknown. {cite:wikipedia-hassan-ii-of-morocco-en} {cite:wikipedia-hassan-ii-of-morocco-ar} {cite:wikidata-hassan-ii-of-morocco}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Sources",
     "markdown": "- The defined source entities cited above, recorded in `data/source/`.\n- Revisions of this article must be dated, and must name the source that changed each fact."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/hassan-ii-of-morocco",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-27"
  },
  "ur": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "خلاصہ",
     "markdown": "حسن ثانی المغربی 1961 سے 1999 میں اپنی وفات تک شاہ مراکش تھے، جیسا کہ اردو مضمون دیتا ہے۔ وہ 9 جولائی 1929 کو رباط میں پیدا ہوئے، محمد الخامس کے سب سے بڑے بیٹے تھے، جلاوطنی میں والد کے ساتھ رہے اور آزادی کے مذاکرات میں شریک ہوئے، 1961 میں ان کے جانشین بنے، 1962 میں مملکت کا پہلا آئین جاری کیا، 1971 اور 1972 کی بغاوتوں سے بچ نکلے، 1975 میں سبز مارچ کا اہتمام کیا، اور 23 جولائی 1999 کو رباط میں وفات پائی اور وہیں شاہی مقبرے میں دفن ہوئے؛ ان کے جانشین ان کے بیٹے محمد سادس بنے۔ {cite:wikipedia-hassan-ii-of-morocco-ur} {cite:wikipedia-hassan-ii-of-morocco-en} {cite:wikipedia-hassan-ii-of-morocco-ar}\n\nاردو مضمون مختصر سا خاکہ ہے؛ تفصیلات انگریزی اور عربی مضامین سے لی گئی ہیں۔"
    },
    {
     "heading": "مذہب",
     "markdown": "کسی بھی نسخے کے متن نے حسن ثانی کے لیے ذاتی طور پر کوئی مسلک نامزد نہیں کیا۔ سنی قرأت ایک ہی ساختی اثبات پر قائم ہے جو انگریزی انفوباکس، عربی انفوباکس اور ویکی ڈیٹا تینوں میں ایک دوسرے کی نقل ہے — ایک ہی ماخذ خاندان۔ ان کی روایتی اسلامی تعلیم تربیت تھی، ان کی مذہبی پالیسی ریاست کی پالیسی تھی، اور ان کا علوی نسب اور امیر المومنین کا لقب سربراہی ہے شہادت نہیں، اس لیے ان کا مذہب نامعلوم درج کیا گیا ہے۔ {cite:wikipedia-hassan-ii-of-morocco-en} {cite:wikipedia-hassan-ii-of-morocco-ar} {cite:wikidata-hassan-ii-of-morocco}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "ماخذ",
     "markdown": "- اوپر حوالہ دیے گئے معرف ماخذ ادارے، جو `data/source/` میں درج ہیں۔\n- اس مضمون کی ہر ترمیم مؤرخ ہو اور ہر حقیقت کو بدلنے والے ماخذ کا نام لے۔"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/hassan-ii-of-morocco",
    "lang": "ur",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-27"
  }
 },
 "degree": 8,
 "contemporaries": [
  "person/abd-al-rahman-badawi",
  "person/abderrahmane-youssoufi",
  "person/abdul-hameed-swati",
  "person/abdul-latif-chowdhury-fultali",
  "person/abdul-sattar-edhi",
  "person/abdullah-bin-abdulaziz",
  "person/abu-turab-al-zahiri",
  "person/aden-adde",
  "person/ahmed-ali-assami",
  "person/ahmed-asmat-abdel-meguid",
  "person/ahmed-ben-bella",
  "person/ahmed-deedat"
 ],
 "updated": "2026-10-27",
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "person/mohammed-v-of-morocco",
   "type": "child_of",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-hassan-ii-of-morocco-en",
    "source/wikipedia-hassan-ii-of-morocco-ar"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/mohammed-v-of-morocco",
   "type": "successor_of",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-hassan-ii-of-morocco-en",
    "source/wikipedia-hassan-ii-of-morocco-ar"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/mohammed-vi-of-morocco",
   "type": "parent_of",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-mohammed-vi-of-morocco-en",
    "source/wikipedia-mohammed-vi-of-morocco-ar"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/mohammed-vi-of-morocco",
   "type": "predecessor_of",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-mohammed-vi-of-morocco-en",
    "source/wikipedia-mohammed-vi-of-morocco-ar"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "place/fez",
  "person/mohammed-v-of-morocco",
  "person/mohammed-vi-of-morocco"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}