{
 "id": "person/hassan-modarres",
 "class": "person",
 "slug": "hassan-modarres",
 "label": {
  "en": "Sayyid Hassan Modarres",
  "ar": "سید حسن مدرس"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "فقيه شيعي اثنا عشري وبرلماني إيراني (1870–1937)، قاد معارضة المجلس لرضا شاه وعارض اتفاقية 1919 الأنجلو-فارسية، وقُتل في منفاه بكاشمر.",
  "en": "Iranian Twelver Shia cleric and parliamentarian (1870-1937) who led the Majlis opposition to Reza Shah, opposed the 1919 Anglo-Persian Agreement, and was killed in exile at Kashmar."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "people"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "persia-central-asia"
 ],
 "periods": [],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 1870.0006844767518,
  "latest": 1937.917205692077
 },
 "display": {
  "start": {
   "edtf": "1870",
   "hijri": "1287",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "debated",
   "derived": false,
   "note": "Persian Wikipedia gives 1249 SH = 1287 AH at the village of Sarabeh Kachu near Ardestan and Wikidata gives the year 1870; the English article's text splits the birthplace between the town of Ardestan and the village of Sarabeh, so the year is circa and the place is stated at district level. The Hijri year is the Persian article's own, not a conversion.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-hassan-modarres-en",
    "source/wikipedia-hassan-modarres-fa",
    "source/wikidata-hassan-modarres"
   ]
  },
  "end": {
   "edtf": "1937-12-01",
   "hijri": "1356",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "Kashmar, where he was killed on Reza Shah's orders after exile in Khaf and Kashmar; Persian Wikipedia gives 10 Azar 1316 SH and English Wikipedia and Wikidata give 1 December 1937.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-hassan-modarres-en",
    "source/wikipedia-hassan-modarres-fa",
    "source/wikidata-hassan-modarres"
   ]
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "names": [
   {
    "value": "Sayyid Hassan Modarres",
    "kind": "full"
   },
   {
    "value": "سید حسن مدرس",
    "kind": "full"
   },
   {
    "value": "Seyyed Hassan Tabatabaei Ardestani",
    "kind": "alternate"
   },
   {
    "value": "Hassan Modarres",
    "kind": "alternate"
   },
   {
    "value": "سید حسن طباطبایی اردستانی",
    "kind": "alternate"
   }
  ],
  "gender": "male",
  "roles": [
   "jurist",
   "politician"
  ],
  "born": {
   "edtf": "1870",
   "hijri": "1287",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "debated",
   "derived": false,
   "note": "Persian Wikipedia gives 1249 SH = 1287 AH at the village of Sarabeh Kachu near Ardestan and Wikidata gives the year 1870; the English article's text splits the birthplace between the town of Ardestan and the village of Sarabeh, so the year is circa and the place is stated at district level. The Hijri year is the Persian article's own, not a conversion.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-hassan-modarres-en",
    "source/wikipedia-hassan-modarres-fa",
    "source/wikidata-hassan-modarres"
   ]
  },
  "died": {
   "edtf": "1937-12-01",
   "hijri": "1356",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "Kashmar, where he was killed on Reza Shah's orders after exile in Khaf and Kashmar; Persian Wikipedia gives 10 Azar 1316 SH and English Wikipedia and Wikidata give 1 December 1937.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-hassan-modarres-en",
    "source/wikipedia-hassan-modarres-fa",
    "source/wikidata-hassan-modarres"
   ]
  },
  "faith": [
   {
    "value": "shia-twelver",
    "basis": "documented",
    "note": "Two independent article texts name his affiliation for him personally: the English lead calls him 'an Iranian Twelver Shi'a cleric', naming the branch directly, and the Persian lead calls him a Shia mojtahed; his seminary formation at Isfahan and Najaf in the Usuli tradition supplies the Twelver branch context, so the mapping is stated here rather than assumed. Wikidata's two religion values (Islam; Shia Islam) are unreferenced and form one source family; they are not counted.",
    "sources": [
     "source/wikipedia-hassan-modarres-en",
     "source/wikipedia-hassan-modarres-fa"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "external_ids": {
   "wikidata": "Q589068"
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/wikipedia-hassan-modarres-en",
   "source/wikipedia-hassan-modarres-fa",
   "source/wikidata-hassan-modarres"
  ],
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "Lane brief century-additions-39 (group Z2); grounded from English Wikipedia revision 1378229576, Persian Wikipedia revision 44390979 and Wikidata item Q589068 (revision 2537531057), resolved via the Wikipedia API pageprops and Special:EntityData.",
   "generated_by": "Muse (Muse Spark 1.3)",
   "run": "century-additions-39"
  },
  "status": {
   "review": "published",
   "completeness": 3,
   "generated_by": "Muse (Muse Spark 1.3)"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "تكوينه",
     "markdown": "وُلد في سرابه قرب أردستان نحو سنة 1870، ودرس في حوزة أصفهان ثم قضى سبع سنوات في النجف على الأخراساني والسيد محمد كاظم اليزدي حتى بلغ رتبة الاجتهاد، ثم عاد للتدريس في أصفهان. {cite:wikipedia-hassan-modarres-fa}{cite:wikipedia-hassan-modarres-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "نشاطه السياسي",
     "markdown": "دخل المجلس الثاني نائبًا عن العلماء، وشارك في الدفاع عن طهران زمن الحرب العالمية الأولى، وصار أبرز معارضي اتفاقية 1919 الأنجلو-فارسية. وحين اقترح رضا خان الجمهورية سنة 1924 نظّم مدرّس معارضة العلماء التي أسقطت الاقتراح؛ ونجا من محاولة اغتيال سنة 1926، ومُنع من المجلس السابع، واعتُقل ونُفي إلى خاف ثم كاشمر. وفي 1 ديسمبر 1937 قُتل هناك بأمر رضا شاه. {cite:wikipedia-hassan-modarres-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "الانتماء",
     "markdown": "سُجّل انتماؤه شيعيًّا اثنا عشري موثّقًا: فمطلع المقال الإنجليزي يسمّيه «رجل دين شيعيًّا اثنا عشري إيرانيًّا» ومطلع المقال الفارسي يسمّيه «مجتهدًا شيعيًّا» — نصّان مستقلان — ويقدّم تكوينه الأصولي في أصفهان والنجف سياق الفرع الاثنا عشري. {cite:wikipedia-hassan-modarres-en}{cite:wikipedia-hassan-modarres-fa}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "المصادر",
     "markdown": "بُنيت هذه المقالة على سجلات المصادر المستشهَد بها في سجل مصادر المتحف (data/source/). تُذكر الوقائع كما وردت في المصادر المستشهَد بها فقط؛ وحيث يصمت المصدر تصمت المقالة."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/hassan-modarres",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-26"
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Formation",
     "markdown": "He was born at Sarabeh near Ardestan in about 1870, studied at the Isfahan seminary, and then spent seven years at Najaf under Akhund Khorasani and Sayyid Muhammad Kazim Yazdi, reaching the rank of ijtihad, before returning to teach in Isfahan. {cite:wikipedia-hassan-modarres-en}{cite:wikipedia-hassan-modarres-fa}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Politics",
     "markdown": "He entered the second Majlis as a clerical deputy, took part in the wartime defence of Tehran, and became the most prominent opponent of the 1919 Anglo-Persian Agreement. When Reza Khan proposed a republic in 1924, Modarres organised the clerical opposition that defeated the proposal; he survived an assassination attempt in 1926, was kept out of the seventh Majlis, and was arrested and exiled to Khaf and then Kashmar. On 1 December 1937 he was killed there on Reza Shah's orders. {cite:wikipedia-hassan-modarres-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Affiliation",
     "markdown": "His affiliation is recorded as Twelver Shia, documented: the English article's lead names him \"an Iranian Twelver Shi'a cleric\" and the Persian lead calls him a Shia mojtahed — two independent article texts — with his Isfahan and Najaf Usuli formation supplying the branch context. {cite:wikipedia-hassan-modarres-en}{cite:wikipedia-hassan-modarres-fa}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Sources",
     "markdown": "This entry is built from the cited source records in the museum's source registry (data/source/). Facts are stated only as the cited sources give them; where a source is silent, the entry is silent."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/hassan-modarres",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-26"
  },
  "ur": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "تعلیم و تربیت",
     "markdown": "وہ تقریباً 1870 میں اردستان کے قریب سرابہ میں پیدا ہوئے، اصفہان کے مدرسے میں تعلیم پائی، پھر نجف میں سات برس آخوند خراسانی اور سید محمد کاظم یزدی کے شاگرد رہے اور اجتہاد کی سند پائی، اور واپس آ کر اصفہان میں درس دینے لگے۔ {cite:wikipedia-hassan-modarres-fa}{cite:wikipedia-hassan-modarres-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "سیاست",
     "markdown": "وہ دوسری مجلس میں علماء کے نمائندے کے طور پر داخل ہوئے، پہلی عالمی جنگ کے برسوں میں تہران کے دفاع میں شریک رہے، اور 1919 کے اینگلو-فارسی معاہدے کے سب سے نمایاں مخالف بنے۔ جب رضا خان نے 1924 میں جمہوریت کی تجویز پیش کی تو مدرس نے علماء کی مخالفت منظم کر کے تجویز ناکام بنائی؛ 1926 میں وہ قاتلانہ حملے میں بچ گئے، ساتویں مجلس سے باہر رکھے گئے، اور گرفتار کر کے پہلے خاف اور پھر کاشمر جلاوطن کیے گئے۔ یکم دسمبر 1937 کو رضا شاہ کے حکم پر وہیں انھیں قتل کر دیا گیا۔ {cite:wikipedia-hassan-modarres-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "وابستگی",
     "markdown": "ان کی وابستگی اثنا عشری شیعہ کے طور پر باقاعدہ درج ہے: انگریزی مضمون کا آغاز انھیں «ایرانی اثنا عشری شیعہ عالم» کہتا ہے اور فارسی مضمون کا آغاز انھیں «شیعہ مجتہد» کہتا ہے — دو آزاد نصوص — اور اصفہان و نجف کی اصولی تربیت اثنا عشری شاخ کا پس منظر فراہم کرتی ہے۔ {cite:wikipedia-hassan-modarres-en}{cite:wikipedia-hassan-modarres-fa}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "مآخذ",
     "markdown": "یہ مدخل عجائب گھر کے ماخذ رجسٹر (data/source/) میں درج حوالہ شدہ ماخذ ریکارڈوں پر مبنی ہے۔ حقائق صرف اسی طرح بیان کیے گئے ہیں جیسے حوالہ شدہ ماخذ دیتے ہیں؛ جہاں ماخذ خاموش ہے، مدخل بھی خاموش ہے۔"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/hassan-modarres",
    "lang": "ur",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-26"
  }
 },
 "degree": 2,
 "contemporaries": [
  "person/abd-al-qadir-al-maghribi",
  "person/abdulmecid-ii",
  "person/abdurreshid-ibrahim",
  "person/ahmet-agaoglu",
  "person/alladiya-khan",
  "person/ashraf-ali-thanwi",
  "person/fahreddin-pasha",
  "person/hakim-nabina-ansari",
  "person/halit-ziya-usakligil",
  "person/jamaat-ali-shah",
  "person/labiba-ahmad",
  "person/ma-linyi"
 ],
 "updated": "2026-10-26",
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "place/isfahan",
   "type": "lived_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "note": "He studied at the Isfahan seminary and later taught there before entering the Majlis.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-hassan-modarres-en",
    "source/wikipedia-hassan-modarres-fa"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "building/jame-masjid-isfahan",
  "event/conquest-of-isfahan",
  "event/death-bahlawan-582",
  "event/jalali-calendar-reform-467",
  "event/killing-of-mardawij-323",
  "event/masud-takes-isfahan-423",
  "event/muhammad-tapar-batiniyya-fort-500",
  "event/mungli-killed-aghlamish-610"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}