{
 "id": "person/ibn-mada",
 "class": "person",
 "slug": "ibn-mada",
 "label": {
  "ar": "ابن مضاء القرطبي",
  "en": "Ibn Mada'",
  "ur": "ابن مضاء"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "أبو العباس أحمد بن عبد الرحمن بن مضاء اللخمي القرطبي (1116–1196م)، نحوي وفقيه ظاهري من قرطبة، ولي قضاء فاس وبجاية ثم صار قاضي الجماعة في الدولة الموحدية حتى وفاته. اشتهر بثورته على نظرية العامل في النحو في كتابه «الرد على النحاة»، فدعا إلى إلغاء التقدير والعلل النحوية وبناء النحو على ظاهر كلام العرب، وهي ثورة امتداد لمذهبه الظاهري في الفقه الذي ينفي القياس والتعليل.",
  "en": "Abu al-Abbas Ahmad ibn Abd al-Rahman ibn Mada' al-Lakhmi of Cordoba (1116–1196), a grammarian and Zahiri jurist who held judgeships at Fes and Béjaïa and rose to chief judge (qadi al-jama'a) of the Almohad caliphate, an office he kept until his death. He is famous for his revolt against the theory of grammatical governance ('amil) in his Refutation of the Grammarians (al-Radd 'ala al-Nuhat), calling for the abolition of implied elements and grammatical causes and for a grammar built on the manifest surface of Arabic speech — the linguistic extension of his Zahiri legal method, which denies analogy and causal reasoning in the law.",
  "ur": "ابو العباس احمد بن عبد الرحمٰن بن مضاء لخمی قرطبی (1116ء–1196ء)، قرطبہ کے نحوی اور ظاہری فقیہ تھے۔ فاس اور بجایہ کی قضا کے بعد وہ ریاستِ موحدین کے قاضی الجماعہ بنے اور وفات تک اسی عہدے پر رہے۔ وہ اپنی کتاب «الرد على النحاة» میں عامل کے نظریے کے خلاف اپنی بغاوت کے لیے مشہور ہیں؛ انھوں نے تقدیر اور نحوی علل کے خاتمے اور عربی کلام کے ظاہر پر مبنی نحو کی دعوت دی، جو فقہ میں ان کے ظاہری منہج کی لسانی توسیع تھی۔"
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "people"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "andalus-europe",
  "maghreb"
 ],
 "periods": [],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 1115.9975221941586,
  "latest": 1197.0012389028889
 },
 "display": {
  "start": {
   "edtf": "1116",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "debated",
   "derived": false,
   "note": "Cordoba. The English article records the birth year as disputed between 1116 and 1119; the Arabic article heads his years 513–592 AH while pairing 513 AH with 1116 CE, but 513 AH corresponds to 1119–1120 CE — the alternative year. No Hijri year is recorded: 1116 pairs with 509–510 AH and 1119 with 513 AH, so a single pairing would misstate one of the two candidates.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-ibn-mada-en",
    "source/wikipedia-ibn-mada-ar"
   ]
  },
  "end": {
   "edtf": "1196",
   "hijri": "0592",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": false,
   "note": "Seville, in Jumada al-awwal 592 AH, still chief judge of the Almohad caliphate, aged about eighty. The English article's text, the Arabic article, Wikidata's death value and the queue agree on 592 AH/1196; the 1195 in the Wikidata item's short description is a conversion slip.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-ibn-mada-en",
    "source/wikipedia-ibn-mada-ar",
    "source/wikidata-ibn-mada"
   ]
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "names": [
   {
    "value": "أبو العباس أحمد بن عبد الرحمن بن محمد بن سعيد بن حارث بن عاصم اللخمي القرطبي",
    "kind": "full"
   },
   {
    "value": "Abu al-Abbas Ahmad ibn Abd al-Rahman ibn Muhammad ibn Sa'id al-Lakhmi al-Qurtubi",
    "kind": "full"
   },
   {
    "value": "أبو العباس",
    "kind": "kunya"
   },
   {
    "value": "القرطبي",
    "kind": "nisba"
   },
   {
    "value": "Ibn Mada",
    "kind": "alternate"
   }
  ],
  "gender": "male",
  "roles": [
   "grammarian",
   "jurist",
   "judge"
  ],
  "born": {
   "edtf": "1116",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "debated",
   "derived": false,
   "note": "Cordoba. The English article records the birth year as disputed between 1116 and 1119; the Arabic article heads his years 513–592 AH while pairing 513 AH with 1116 CE, but 513 AH corresponds to 1119–1120 CE — the alternative year. No Hijri year is recorded: 1116 pairs with 509–510 AH and 1119 with 513 AH, so a single pairing would misstate one of the two candidates.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-ibn-mada-en",
    "source/wikipedia-ibn-mada-ar"
   ]
  },
  "died": {
   "edtf": "1196",
   "hijri": "0592",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": false,
   "note": "Seville, in Jumada al-awwal 592 AH, still chief judge of the Almohad caliphate, aged about eighty. The English article's text, the Arabic article, Wikidata's death value and the queue agree on 592 AH/1196; the 1195 in the Wikidata item's short description is a conversion slip.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-ibn-mada-en",
    "source/wikipedia-ibn-mada-ar",
    "source/wikidata-ibn-mada"
   ]
  },
  "faith": [
   {
    "value": "zahiri",
    "basis": "documented",
    "note": "FLAGGED for the founder's ruling. Two independent sources attest his adherence to the Zahiri school as his own documented scholarly identity: the English Wikipedia (his adherence to Zahirism, his enforcement of it as the Almohads' chief judge including the suppression of non-Zahiri books, and his grammar reform as the carry- over of the Zahiri denial of legal causality; Kees Versteegh is quoted calling the adherence fanatical) and the Arabic Wikipedia (he became an authority — hujja — in Zahiri fiqh, the madhhab of the Almohad state). The faith enum has no zahiri value, and neither source frames him within Ahl al-Sunna in terms, so under the doubt rule he is left unclassified: if the founder rules that the documented Zahiri adherence maps to sunni, this segment becomes sunni/documented on the same two sources. Settled zahiri/documented by the founder's ruling of 1 November 2026 (rulings packet #3, Part 7: the enum gained the zahiri value on the founder's direction).",
    "sources": [
     "source/wikipedia-ibn-mada-en",
     "source/wikipedia-ibn-mada-ar"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "sources": [
   "source/wikipedia-ibn-mada-en",
   "source/wikipedia-ibn-mada-ar",
   "source/wikidata-ibn-mada"
  ],
  "external_ids": {
   "wikidata": "Q5984236"
  },
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "English Wikipedia \"Ibn Mada'\" (revision 1359353934 of 14 Jun 2026; 'Ibn Mada' redirects to it), Arabic Wikipedia «ابن مضاء» (revision 75538368 of 16 Jun 2026), Wikidata Q5984236 (item rev. 2531205586 of 14 Aug 2026, re-asserted against a second live query in the same session). Existence checks by name fragments (mada, مضاء) and by QID across data/person on origin/main found no prior record. He studied with Qadi Ayyad at Ceuta according to the English article, but no person record for Qadi Ayyad was verified on main, so no student_of edge is written.",
   "generated_by": "Muse (Muse Spark 1.3)",
   "run": "wave 145 B"
  },
  "status": {
   "review": "published",
   "generated_by": "Muse (Muse Spark 1.3)"
  },
  "occupations": [
   {
    "job": "job/faqih",
    "kind": "secondary",
    "status": "historical",
    "note": "bootstrap from roles, 1 Nov 2026 merge map; dates, places and kind to be read in the Phase 3 sweep",
    "sources": [
     "source/wikipedia-ibn-mada-en",
     "source/wikipedia-ibn-mada-ar",
     "source/wikidata-ibn-mada"
    ]
   },
   {
    "job": "job/qadi",
    "kind": "secondary",
    "status": "historical",
    "note": "bootstrap from roles, 1 Nov 2026 merge map; dates, places and kind to be read in the Phase 3 sweep",
    "sources": [
     "source/wikipedia-ibn-mada-en",
     "source/wikipedia-ibn-mada-ar",
     "source/wikidata-ibn-mada"
    ]
   }
  ]
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/ibn-mada",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-31"
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/ibn-mada",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-31"
  },
  "ur": {
   "sections": [],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/ibn-mada",
    "lang": "ur",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-31"
  }
 },
 "degree": 4,
 "contemporaries": [
  "person/afifa-khatun",
  "person/al-iraqi-al-khatib",
  "person/ibn-al-jawzi",
  "person/ibn-al-kashshab-baghdadi",
  "person/ibn-al-mandai",
  "person/ibn-kulayb",
  "person/ibn-zuhr-al-hafid",
  "person/abu-ali-al-hijri",
  "person/wajih-al-din-qazwini",
  "person/farid-al-din-attar",
  "person/nasr-ibn-mansur-muqri",
  "person/jamal-al-din-ibn-fadlan"
 ],
 "updated": "2026-11-01",
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "place/cordoba",
   "type": "born_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-ibn-mada-en",
    "source/wikipedia-ibn-mada-ar"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "place/seville",
   "type": "died_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-ibn-mada-en"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "building/great-mosque-cordoba",
  "building/khizanat-kutub-qurtuba",
  "event/al-qurtubi-departs-andalus",
  "event/almoravid-takes-seville-484",
  "event/battle-of-alarcos-591",
  "event/conquest-of-cordoba-92",
  "event/cordoba-siege-545",
  "event/end-umayyad-caliphate-cordoba-424"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}