{
 "id": "person/iskandar-thani",
 "class": "person",
 "slug": "iskandar-thani",
 "label": {
  "ar": "إسكندر الثاني",
  "en": "Iskandar Thani",
  "ur": "اسکندر ثانی"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "إسكندر الثاني علاء الدين مغايات شاه ⁦(نحو 1610 – 15 شباط 1641)⁩، ثالث عشر سلاطين آتشيه. ابن سلطان بهانغ أحمد شاه الثاني، جُلب طفلًا إلى آتشيه بعد فتحها بهانغ سنة 1617، وتزوّج ابنة إسكندر مودا، بوتري سري علم — السلطانة تاج العالم لاحقًا — وخلف حماه سنة 1636. كان حاكمًا قويًا مركِّزًا للسلطة، وبلاطه مركزًا للعلم الشرعي برعايته نور الدين الرانيري منذ 1637، ومات سنة 1641 فخلَفته أرملته.",
  "en": "Iskandar Thani Alauddin Mughayat Syah (c. 1610 – 15 February 1641) was the thirteenth sultan of Aceh. A son of Sultan Ahmad Shah II of Pahang, he was brought as a child to Aceh after its conquest of Pahang in 1617, married Iskandar Muda's daughter Putri Sri Alam — the later Sultana Taj al-Alam — and succeeded his father-in-law in 1636. A strong, centralising ruler whose court was a centre of Islamic learning under his patronage of Nuruddin ar-Raniri from 1637, he died in 1641 and was succeeded by his widow.",
  "ur": "اسکندر ثانی علاء الدین مغایت شاہ ⁦(تقریباً 1610ء – 15 فروری 1641ء)⁩ آچے کے تیرہویں سلطان تھے۔ پہانگ کے سلطان احمد شاہ دوم کے بیٹے، 1617ء میں پہانگ کی فتح کے بعد بچپن میں آچے لائے گئے، اسکندر مودا کی بیٹی پوتری سری عالم — بعد کی سلطانہ تاج العالم — سے شادی کی اور 1636ء میں سسر کے جانشین ہوئے۔ طاقتور اور مرکزیت پسند حکمران، جن کا دربار 1637ء سے نور الدین الرانیری کی سرپرستی میں اسلامی علم کا مرکز رہا؛ 1641ء میں وفات پر ان کی بیوہ جانشین ہوئیں۔"
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "people"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "southeast-asia"
 ],
 "periods": [],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 1610.000821372102,
  "latest": 1641.1280861345226
 },
 "display": {
  "start": {
   "edtf": "1610",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "debated",
   "note": "Born in Pahang. The English and Arabic articles and the Wikidata item give 1610; the Indonesian article treats the year as unsettled — about 1610-1612, commonly placed at 1611 (Linehan 1611, Djajadiningrat about 1610, Lombard about 1612) — so 1610 is built as debated with all readings preserved here. The year 1610 spans 1018-1019 AH, so no single Hijri year is built. No place entity for Pahang exists on main, so no born_in edge is written.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-iskandar-thani-en",
    "source/wikipedia-iskandar-thani-id",
    "source/wikipedia-iskandar-thani-ar",
    "source/wikidata-iskandar-thani"
   ]
  },
  "end": {
   "edtf": "1641-02-15",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "historical",
   "hijri": "1050",
   "note": "Died at Banda Aceh; the English, Indonesian and Arabic articles and the Wikidata item all give 15 February 1641, which falls in 1050 AH (conversion derived). No place entity for Banda Aceh is used here, so no died_in edge is written.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-iskandar-thani-en",
    "source/wikipedia-iskandar-thani-id",
    "source/wikipedia-iskandar-thani-ar",
    "source/wikidata-iskandar-thani"
   ]
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "names": [
   {
    "value": "Iskandar Thani Alauddin Mughayat Syah",
    "kind": "regnal"
   },
   {
    "value": "Raja Bungsu",
    "kind": "alternate"
   },
   {
    "value": "Raja Mughal",
    "kind": "alternate"
   },
   {
    "value": "Sultan Husein Syah",
    "kind": "alternate"
   },
   {
    "value": "Iskandar Tsani",
    "kind": "alternate"
   }
  ],
  "gender": "male",
  "roles": [
   "sultan"
  ],
  "born": {
   "edtf": "1610",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "debated",
   "note": "Born in Pahang. The English and Arabic articles and the Wikidata item give 1610; the Indonesian article treats the year as unsettled — about 1610-1612, commonly placed at 1611 (Linehan 1611, Djajadiningrat about 1610, Lombard about 1612) — so 1610 is built as debated with all readings preserved here. The year 1610 spans 1018-1019 AH, so no single Hijri year is built. No place entity for Pahang exists on main, so no born_in edge is written.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-iskandar-thani-en",
    "source/wikipedia-iskandar-thani-id",
    "source/wikipedia-iskandar-thani-ar",
    "source/wikidata-iskandar-thani"
   ]
  },
  "died": {
   "edtf": "1641-02-15",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "historical",
   "hijri": "1050",
   "note": "Died at Banda Aceh; the English, Indonesian and Arabic articles and the Wikidata item all give 15 February 1641, which falls in 1050 AH (conversion derived). No place entity for Banda Aceh is used here, so no died_in edge is written.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-iskandar-thani-en",
    "source/wikipedia-iskandar-thani-id",
    "source/wikipedia-iskandar-thani-ar",
    "source/wikidata-iskandar-thani"
   ]
  },
  "faith": [
   {
    "value": "unknown",
    "basis": "unknown",
    "note": "No text read names a school or an order for the man himself. The articles describe a court known as a centre of Islamic learning, his patronage of Nuruddin ar-Raniri, and — in the Indonesian article — his strengthening of Islamic law, replacing ordeal proof with witness procedure; the Indonesian article calls ar-Raniri a Shafi'i scholar, a school named for the court scholar, not for the sultan. Court Islam, patronage and legal policy settle no school under the founder's rules, so his faith is recorded as unknown with the record stated.",
    "sources": [
     "source/wikipedia-iskandar-thani-en",
     "source/wikipedia-iskandar-thani-id",
     "source/wikipedia-iskandar-thani-ar"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "external_ids": {
   "wikidata": "Q4264509"
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/wikipedia-iskandar-thani-en",
   "source/wikipedia-iskandar-thani-id",
   "source/wikipedia-iskandar-thani-ar",
   "source/wikidata-iskandar-thani"
  ],
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "English Wikipedia 'Iskandar Thani' (revision 1358758011 of 10 June 2026), Indonesian Wikipedia 'Iskandar Tsani dari Aceh' (revision 30038704 of 6 October 2026), Arabic Wikipedia 'إسكندر شاه الثاني' (revision 69891598 of 18 March 2025) and Wikidata Q4264509 (item revision 2187265972 of 23 June 2024, re-asserted identical on a second live query), fetched live in-session on 1 November 2026; the QID was grounded from the English article's own page property, the Indonesian and Arabic articles agreeing. Existence checked against origin/main before building, by slug variants (iskandar-thani, iskandar-tsani, iskandar-shah-ii) and by QID — no record holds this man. Queue check: the queue's years 1610-1641 are followed at the precision in the born and died notes (birth year debated in the Indonesian article). No child_of edge is written: his father Ahmad Shah II of Pahang has no record on origin/main. The spouse edge to Taj al-Alam is written here, in the elder spouse's record (born c. 1610 against her c. 1612); her child_of and successor edges are written in her own record in this batch.",
   "generated_by": "Muse (Muse Spark 1.3)",
   "run": "modern-figures-wave-178m"
  },
  "status": {
   "review": "published",
   "generated_by": "Muse (Muse Spark 1.3)"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "إسكندر الثاني علاء الدين مغايات شاه، ثالث عشر سلاطين آتشيه، حكم من 27 كانون الأول 1636 إلى وفاته في 15 شباط 1641.{cite:wikipedia-iskandar-thani-en}{cite:wikipedia-iskandar-thani-id} وُلد نحو 1610 — تناقش المقالة الإندونيسية سنة ولادته بين نحو 1610 و1612 وتضعها غالبًا على 1611 — وهو ابن سلطان بهانغ الحادي عشر أحمد شاه الثاني.{cite:wikipedia-iskandar-thani-en}{cite:wikipedia-iskandar-thani-id}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "من بهانغ إلى العرش",
     "markdown": "فتح إسكندر مودا بهانغ سنة 1617 وجُلب ابن سلطانها المهزوم إلى آتشيه فنشأ ابنًا بالرعاية لإسكندر مودا، وتزوّج سنة 1619 وهو في التاسعة ابنةَ السلطان بوتري سري علم بيرميسوري، وأُعطي الزوجان قصر سري وارنا بجوار قصر السلطان.{cite:wikipedia-taj-al-alam-en}{cite:wikipedia-iskandar-thani-id} وحمل في شبابه أسماء راجا موغال وراجا بونغسو وسلطان حسين شاه، وخلف إسكندر مودا عند وفاته سنة 1636.{cite:wikipedia-iskandar-thani-id}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "الحكم",
     "markdown": "حكم إسكندر الثاني في أعقاب تحطّم الأسطول الآتشيهي أمام ملقا سنة 1629 فلم يستطع مواصلة نجاحات سلفه العسكرية، لكنه كان حاكمًا قويًا كبح نبلاء «أورانغ كايا» وعمل على مركزة السلطة الملكية كما فعل إسكندر مودا.{cite:wikipedia-iskandar-thani-en} وتصف المقالة الإندونيسية إصلاحاته القضائية إذ حدّ من إثبات التهم بالمحنة والتعذيب واستعاض عنه بإجراءات الشهود كما يقتضي الحكم الشرعي.{cite:wikipedia-iskandar-thani-id} وكان عهده قصيرًا فلم يحقق إنجازات كبرى، وبعد وفاته استعادت النخبة نفوذها ووضعت أرملته تاج العالم على العرش.{cite:wikipedia-iskandar-thani-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "البلاط والعلم",
     "markdown": "كان بلاط إسكندر الثاني، كبلاط إسكندر مودا، مركزًا للعلم الشرعي؛ فقد رعى نور الدين الرانيري، العالم الآتي من كجرات سنة 1637، الذي أنكر أعمال علماء بلاط سلفه وأمر بإحراق كتبهم ووضع معايير أدبية ودينية، وألّف في ظل رعايته «بستان السلاطين».{cite:wikipedia-iskandar-thani-en}{cite:wikipedia-iskandar-thani-id} وتصف المقالة الإندونيسية الرانيري بأنه عالم شافعي — وهو مذهب العالم لا السلطان.{cite:wikipedia-iskandar-thani-id}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/iskandar-thani",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-11-01"
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Summary",
     "markdown": "Iskandar Thani Alauddin Mughayat Syah was the thirteenth sultan of Aceh, reigning from 27 December 1636 until his death on 15 February 1641.{cite:wikipedia-iskandar-thani-en}{cite:wikipedia-iskandar-thani-id} He was born about 1610 — the Indonesian article debates the year between about 1610 and 1612, commonly placing it at 1611 — a son of Ahmad Shah II, the eleventh sultan of Pahang.{cite:wikipedia-iskandar-thani-en}{cite:wikipedia-iskandar-thani-id}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "From Pahang to the throne",
     "markdown": "Iskandar Muda conquered Pahang in 1617 and the defeated sultan's son was brought to Aceh and raised as Iskandar Muda's foster son; in 1619, aged nine, he was married to the sultan's daughter Putri Sri Alam Permisuri, and the couple were given the Sri Wareuna palace beside the sultan's.{cite:wikipedia-taj-al-alam-en}{cite:wikipedia-iskandar-thani-id} In his youth he bore the names Raja Mughal, Raja Bungsu and Sultan Husein Syah, and he succeeded Iskandar Muda on his death in 1636.{cite:wikipedia-iskandar-thani-id}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Rule",
     "markdown": "Reigning in the wake of the rout of the Acehnese fleet before Malacca in 1629, Iskandar Thani could not continue his predecessor's military successes, but he was a strong ruler who suppressed the orang kaya nobility and worked to centralise royal power as Iskandar Muda had done.{cite:wikipedia-iskandar-thani-en} The Indonesian article describes his judicial reforms, restricting proof by ordeal and torture and replacing it with witness procedure as Islamic law requires.{cite:wikipedia-iskandar-thani-id} His rule was too short for major accomplishments, and after his death the elite reasserted their influence and placed his widow, Taj ul-Alam, on the throne.{cite:wikipedia-iskandar-thani-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Court and learning",
     "markdown": "Like Iskandar Muda's, the court of Iskandar Thani was known as a centre of Islamic learning: he was patron of Nuruddin ar-Raniri, the scholar from Gujarat who arrived in 1637, denounced the work of the earlier court scholars, ordered their books burned, established literary and religious standards, and composed the Bustan al-Salatin under his patronage.{cite:wikipedia-iskandar-thani-en}{cite:wikipedia-iskandar-thani-id} The Indonesian article calls ar-Raniri a Shafi'i scholar — that is the scholar's school, not the sultan's.{cite:wikipedia-iskandar-thani-id}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/iskandar-thani",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-11-01"
  },
  "ur": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "اسکندر ثانی علاء الدین مغایت شاہ آچے کے تیرہویں سلطان تھے، جن کا دور 27 دسمبر 1636ء سے 15 فروری 1641ء کو وفات تک رہا۔{cite:wikipedia-iskandar-thani-en} وہ تقریباً 1610ء میں پیدا ہوئے — انڈونیشیائی مقالہ ان کی پیدائش 1610ء تا 1612ء کے درمیان متنازع بتاتا ہے اور عموماً 1611ء رکھتا ہے — اور پہانگ کے سلطان احمد شاہ دوم کے بیٹے تھے۔{cite:wikipedia-iskandar-thani-id}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "تخت اور حکمرانی",
     "markdown": "1617ء میں پہانگ کی فتح کے بعد وہ بچپن میں آچے لائے گئے، 1619ء میں اسکندر مودا کی بیٹی پوتری سری عالم سے شادی ہوئی اور 1636ء میں سسر کے جانشین ہوئے۔{cite:wikipedia-taj-al-alam-en}{cite:wikipedia-iskandar-thani-id} وہ طاقتور اور مرکزیت پسند حکمران تھے؛ ان کے دور میں عدالتی اصلاحات ہوئیں اور تشدد سے ثبوت کی رسم محدود کر کے گواہی کا شرعی طریقہ اپنایا گیا۔{cite:wikipedia-iskandar-thani-id} ان کا دربار اسلامی علم کا مرکز رہا اور 1637ء میں آئے نور الدین الرانیری ان کی سرپرستی میں رہے، جنہوں نے «بستان السلاطین» لکھی۔{cite:wikipedia-iskandar-thani-en} وفات کے بعد ان کی بیوہ تاج العالم تخت نشین ہوئیں۔{cite:wikipedia-iskandar-thani-en}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/iskandar-thani",
    "lang": "ur",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-11-01"
  }
 },
 "degree": 8,
 "contemporaries": [
  "person/abd-al-haqq-amanat-khan",
  "person/abd-al-haqq-dihlawi",
  "person/abd-al-qadir-al-fasi",
  "person/abd-al-rahman-al-sadi",
  "person/abdurrahman-hibri",
  "person/abu-al-ghazi-bahadur",
  "person/abu-al-mafakhir",
  "person/abul-hasan-qutb-shah",
  "person/ahmad-ibn-abi-al-rijal",
  "person/ahmad-ibn-yahya-al-karmi",
  "person/al-buhuti-mansur-ibn-yunus",
  "person/al-jarmuzi"
 ],
 "updated": "2026-11-09",
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "place/banda-aceh",
   "type": "died_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "confidence": "low",
   "note": "Place link mined from the record's own note text; pending verification.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-iskandar-thani-en",
    "source/wikipedia-iskandar-thani-id",
    "source/wikipedia-iskandar-thani-ar",
    "source/wikidata-iskandar-thani"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/iskandar-muda",
   "type": "successor_of",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-iskandar-thani-en",
    "source/wikipedia-iskandar-thani-id",
    "source/wikipedia-iskandar-thani-ar"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/taj-al-alam",
   "type": "spouse_of",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-iskandar-thani-en",
    "source/wikipedia-iskandar-thani-id",
    "source/wikipedia-taj-al-alam-en"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/taj-al-alam",
   "type": "predecessor_of",
   "inverse": true,
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-taj-al-alam-en",
    "source/wikipedia-taj-al-alam-id",
    "source/wikipedia-taj-al-alam-ar"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "person/iskandar-muda",
  "place/atjeh",
  "person/taj-al-alam",
  "place/banda-aceh",
  "person/hanan-attaki"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}