{
 "id": "person/khalil-sultan",
 "class": "person",
 "slug": "khalil-sultan",
 "label": {
  "ar": "خليل سلطان",
  "en": "Khalil Sultan",
  "ur": "خلیل سلطان"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "حاكم تيموري لما وراء النهر (1384-1411)، ابن ميران شاه وحفيد تيمور. استولى عند وفاة جده سنة 1405 على سمرقند وخزانته وحكم أربع سنوات، حتى انتزعها منه عمه شاه رخ سنة 1409، فسلَّم له وعُيّن حاكماً على الريّ، وهناك توفي سنة 1411. عُرف بزواجه من شاد ملك آغا الذي أثار استياء نبلاء سمرقند، وتنسب إليه المصادر المعادية كثيراً من أخطاء حكمه.",
  "en": "Timurid ruler of Transoxiana (1384–1411), son of Miran Shah and grandson of Timur. On his grandfather's death in 1405 he seized Samarkand and its treasury and held the city for four years, until his half-uncle Shah Rukh displaced him in 1409; he surrendered, was appointed governor of Rayy, and died there in 1411. His infatuation with his wife Shad Malik Agha alienated the Samarkand nobility, and the hostile narrative tradition lays many of his misjudgements at her door.",
  "ur": "ماوراء النہر کے تیموری حکمران ⁦(1384ء–1411ء)⁩، میران شاہ کے صاحبزادے اور تیمور کے پوتے۔ 1405ء میں دادا کی وفات پر انھوں نے سمرقند اور اس کے خزانے پر قبضہ کر لیا اور چار برس حکومت کی، یہاں تک کہ 1409ء میں ان کے چچا شاہ رخ نے انھیں بے دخل کر دیا؛ انھوں نے اطاعت قبول کی، ریّ کے حاکم مقرر ہوئے اور 1411ء میں وہیں وفات پائی۔ اپنی اہلیہ شاد ملک آغا سے ان کی غیر معمولی وابستگی نے سمرقند کے امراء کو ناراض کر دیا، اور مخالف روایات ان کی کئی غلطیوں کا ذمہ دار انھی کو ٹھہراتی ہیں۔"
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "people"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "persia-central-asia"
 ],
 "periods": [],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 1384.6163165568082,
  "latest": 1411.8393259272632
 },
 "display": {
  "start": {
   "edtf": "1384-08-13",
   "hijri": "0786",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "debated",
   "derived": false,
   "note": "Place: Herat. The English biography — resting on the Timurid genealogical tradition as tabulated by Woods (2026) — dates the birth to 24 Jumada II 786 AH, that is 13 August 1384, and the Hijri pairing is the article's own. CONFLICT: Wikidata carries 14 September 1384, a day that matches neither the article's Hijri date nor its conversion; the record follows the article and preserves Wikidata's value here.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-khalil-sultan-en",
    "source/wikidata-khalil-sultan"
   ]
  },
  "end": {
   "edtf": "1411-11-03",
   "hijri": "0814",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "debated",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "Place: Rayy, whose governor Shah Rukh had made him after his surrender. CONFLICT: the English biography gives 3 November 1411, Wikidata 4 November 1411; the record follows the article. The manner is also contested: Hafiz-i Abru and the Nusakh-i jahan-ara report illness and Woods lists natural causes, while Ibn Arabshah claimed Shah Rukh had him poisoned — a claim Woods discounts; both strands are carried in the prose. The Hijri year is the conversion of the Gregorian date, marked derived.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-khalil-sultan-en",
    "source/wikidata-khalil-sultan"
   ]
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "names": [
   {
    "value": "Khalil Sultan ibn Miran Shah",
    "kind": "full"
   },
   {
    "value": "خلیل سلطان بن میران شاہ",
    "kind": "full"
   }
  ],
  "gender": "male",
  "roles": [
   "ruler"
  ],
  "born": {
   "edtf": "1384-08-13",
   "hijri": "0786",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "debated",
   "derived": false,
   "note": "Place: Herat. The English biography — resting on the Timurid genealogical tradition as tabulated by Woods (2026) — dates the birth to 24 Jumada II 786 AH, that is 13 August 1384, and the Hijri pairing is the article's own. CONFLICT: Wikidata carries 14 September 1384, a day that matches neither the article's Hijri date nor its conversion; the record follows the article and preserves Wikidata's value here.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-khalil-sultan-en",
    "source/wikidata-khalil-sultan"
   ]
  },
  "died": {
   "edtf": "1411-11-03",
   "hijri": "0814",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "debated",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "Place: Rayy, whose governor Shah Rukh had made him after his surrender. CONFLICT: the English biography gives 3 November 1411, Wikidata 4 November 1411; the record follows the article. The manner is also contested: Hafiz-i Abru and the Nusakh-i jahan-ara report illness and Woods lists natural causes, while Ibn Arabshah claimed Shah Rukh had him poisoned — a claim Woods discounts; both strands are carried in the prose. The Hijri year is the conversion of the Gregorian date, marked derived.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-khalil-sultan-en",
    "source/wikidata-khalil-sultan"
   ]
  },
  "faith": [
   {
    "value": "unknown",
    "basis": "unknown",
    "note": "No source read names a school or an order for him. The English biography records the public forms of his kingship — Khwandamir's Dastur al-vuzara lists him first among those after Timur in whose names the khutba was read and the coinage (sikka) struck — which documents an Islamic sovereignty exercised in his name, not a personal school; and the Timurid court's Hanafi milieu is family and court background, never an attestation for the man himself. The segment stays unknown, with the practice stated in full.",
    "sources": [
     "source/wikipedia-khalil-sultan-en",
     "source/wikidata-khalil-sultan"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "sources": [
   "source/wikipedia-khalil-sultan-en",
   "source/wikidata-khalil-sultan"
  ],
  "external_ids": {
   "wikidata": "Q1367188"
  },
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "English Wikipedia 'Khalil Sultan', rev. 1369896929 of 17 August 2026, resting on John E. Woods, The Timurid Dynasty: A Handbook, vol. I (Brill, 2026) and H. R. Roemer, 'The Successors of Timur', Cambridge History of Iran, vol. 6 (1986); Wikidata Q1367188, item revision 2533665287 of 20 August 2026, re-asserted against a second live query in the same session. Both read in full in session. His father's record on main (person/miran-shah) is an early draft card carrying no dates; the child_of edge is written here, in the child's record, per convention.",
   "generated_by": "Muse (Muse Spark 1.3)",
   "run": "century-additions-143"
  },
  "status": {
   "review": "published",
   "generated_by": "Muse (Muse Spark 1.3)"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "وُلد خليل سلطان في هراة في 24 جمادى الثانية 786هـ ⁦(13 أغسطس 1384م)⁩، وهو ابن [[person/miran-shah|ميران شاه]] من زوجته سوين بيك الملقبة بخانزاده، وحفيد [[person/timur-lang|تيمور]] من جهة أبيه.{cite:wikipedia-khalil-sultan-en}{cite:wikidata-khalil-sultan} نال في حياة جده حظوة خاصة، وتميّز في حملة الهند، ومُنح سنة 1402 حكم وادي فرغانة.{cite:wikipedia-khalil-sultan-en}\n\nولما توفي تيمور سنة 1405 رأى خليل نفسه وريثه، فاستولى على سمرقند وعلى خزانة جده، ونصَّب الأمير الطفل محمد جهانكير خاناً صورياً، وضرب السكة باسمه وقُرئت الخطبة له.{cite:wikipedia-khalil-sultan-en} لكن موقفه أخذ يضعف: كرهه نبلاء سمرقند لنفوذ زوجته شاد ملك آغا التي يصوّرها التراث الروائي المعادي سبباً لكثير من أخطائه — ويحذّر وودز من أن هذه الصورة من صنع رواية خصومة — وضربت المجاعة المدينة في عهده.{cite:wikipedia-khalil-sultan-en} وفي 13 مايو 1409 دخل عمه شاه رخ سمرقند دون قتال، فسلَّم خليل نفسه إليه، فأعاد إليه زوجته الأسيرة وعيَّنه حاكماً على الريّ.{cite:wikipedia-khalil-sultan-en}\n\nتوفي خليل سلطان في الريّ في 3 نوفمبر 1411 ⁦(وتجعل ويكي بيانات وفاته في 4 نوفمبر)⁩.{cite:wikipedia-khalil-sultan-en}{cite:wikidata-khalil-sultan} قال حافظ أبرو و«نسخ جهان آرا» إنه مات بمرض، وعدَّ وودز موته طبيعياً، أما ابن عربشاه فزعم أن شاه رخ دسَّ له السم — وهو زعم لا يسلّم به وودز.{cite:wikipedia-khalil-sultan-en}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/khalil-sultan",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-11-09"
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Summary",
     "markdown": "Khalil Sultan was born at Herat on 24 Jumada II 786 AH (13 August 1384), the son of [[person/miran-shah|Miran Shah]] by his wife Sevin Beg, called Khanzada, and so a grandson of [[person/timur-lang|Timur]].{cite:wikipedia-khalil-sultan-en}{cite:wikidata-khalil-sultan} He enjoyed his grandfather's particular favour, distinguished himself in the Indian campaign, and in 1402 was given rule of the Ferghana Valley.{cite:wikipedia-khalil-sultan-en}\n\nOn Timur's death in 1405 Khalil viewed himself as the successor: he gained control of Samarkand and of Timur's treasury, set up the nine-year-old prince Muhammad Jahangir with the puppet title of Khan, struck coinage in his own name, and had the khutba read for himself.{cite:wikipedia-khalil-sultan-en} His position then weakened. The Samarkand nobility despised his wife Shad Malik Agha and her influence — Woods cautions that this picture derives from a hostile narrative tradition that laid his misjudgements, and the loss of Samarkand, entirely at her door — and famine made him more hated still.{cite:wikipedia-khalil-sultan-en} On 13 May 1409 Shah Rukh entered Samarkand unopposed; Khalil surrendered to him, received back his captured wife, and was appointed governor of Rayy.{cite:wikipedia-khalil-sultan-en}\n\nKhalil Sultan died at Rayy on 3 November 1411 (Wikidata gives 4 November).{cite:wikipedia-khalil-sultan-en}{cite:wikidata-khalil-sultan} Hafiz-i Abru and the Nusakh-i jahan-ara report that he died of an illness, and Woods lists his death as natural causes; Ibn Arabshah claimed he had been poisoned by Shah Rukh — a claim Woods considers unfounded.{cite:wikipedia-khalil-sultan-en}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/khalil-sultan",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-11-09"
  },
  "ur": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "خلاصہ",
     "markdown": "خلیل سلطان 24 جمادی الثانی 786ھ (13 اگست 1384ء) کو ہرات میں پیدا ہوئے؛ وہ [[person/miran-shah|میران شاہ]] کے صاحبزادے تھے، ان کی والدہ سوین بیگ تھیں جنھیں خانزادہ کہا جاتا تھا، اور یوں وہ [[person/timur-lang|تیمور]] کے پوتے تھے۔{cite:wikipedia-khalil-sultan-en}{cite:wikidata-khalil-sultan} وہ دادا کی خاص عنایت سے بہرہ ور تھے، ہندوستان کی مہم میں نمایاں رہے، اور 1402ء میں انھیں وادی فرغانہ کی حکومت ملی۔{cite:wikipedia-khalil-sultan-en}\n\n1405ء میں تیمور کی وفات پر خلیل نے خود کو جانشین سمجھا: انھوں نے سمرقند اور تیمور کے خزانے پر قبضہ کر لیا، نو سالہ شہزادے محمد جہانگیر کو برائے نام خان بنایا، اپنے نام کا سکہ چلایا اور اپنے لیے خطبہ پڑھوایا۔{cite:wikipedia-khalil-sultan-en} پھر ان کی پوزیشن کمزور پڑتی گئی۔ سمرقند کے امراء ان کی اہلیہ شاد ملک آغا اور ان کے اثر و رسوخ سے نفرت کرتے تھے — ووڈز خبردار کرتے ہیں کہ یہ تصویر اس مخالف روایتی تاریخ کی پیداوار ہے جس نے خلیل کی تمام غلطیوں اور سمرقند کے ہاتھ سے نکلنے کا ذمہ دار انھی کو ٹھہرایا — اور قحط نے ان کی ناپسندیدگی اور بڑھا دی۔{cite:wikipedia-khalil-sultan-en} 13 مئی 1409ء کو شاہ رخ بے مقابلہ سمرقند میں داخل ہوئے؛ خلیل نے اطاعت قبول کی، اپنی اسیر اہلیہ واپس پائیں اور ریّ کے حاکم مقرر ہوئے۔{cite:wikipedia-khalil-sultan-en}\n\nخلیل سلطان کی وفات 3 نومبر 1411ء کو ریّ میں ہوئی (ویکی ڈیٹا 4 نومبر دیتا ہے)۔{cite:wikipedia-khalil-sultan-en}{cite:wikidata-khalil-sultan} حافظ ابرو اور «نسخ جہان آرا» کے مطابق وہ بیماری سے مرے اور ووڈز ان کی موت کو طبعی قرار دیتے ہیں؛ ابن عربشاہ کا دعویٰ تھا کہ شاہ رخ نے انھیں زہر دیا تھا — ووڈز اس دعوے کو بے بنیاد سمجھتے ہیں۔{cite:wikipedia-khalil-sultan-en}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/khalil-sultan",
    "lang": "ur",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-11-09"
  }
 },
 "degree": 6,
 "contemporaries": [
  "person/abapus-i-veli",
  "person/abd-al-hakim-ibn-al-iraqi",
  "person/abd-al-karim-al-jili",
  "person/abd-al-munim-ibn-al-faras",
  "person/abd-allah-al-tarjuman",
  "person/abd-allah-ibn-miqdad-al-aqfahsi",
  "person/abd-allah-ibn-ridwan-al-malaqi",
  "person/abu-al-qasim-al-burzuli",
  "person/ahmad-al-kawm-al-rishi",
  "person/ahmad-ibn-abd-al-rahim-ibn-al-iraqi",
  "person/ahmad-ibn-al-haim",
  "person/ahmad-ibn-al-hasan-al-zarkashi"
 ],
 "updated": "2026-11-09",
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "place/harat",
   "type": "born_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "confidence": "low",
   "note": "Place link mined from the record's own note text; pending verification.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikidata"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "place/rayy",
   "type": "died_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "confidence": "low",
   "note": "Place link mined from the record's own note text; pending verification.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikidata"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/miran-shah",
   "type": "child_of",
   "inverse": false,
   "note": "His father Miran Shah, Timur's son: the English biography states the filiation throughout — born at Herat 'the son of Miran Shah by Sevin Beg, called Khanzada' — and Wikidata names the same father (Q936616). His mother Sevin Beg has no museum record, so no second edge is written. Timur (person/timur-lang) is his grandfather, but the schema has no grandparent predicate, so that descent is carried in the prose only.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-khalil-sultan-en",
    "source/wikidata-khalil-sultan"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "building/kur-amir",
  "concept/fritware",
  "event/ajam-earthquake-574",
  "event/battle-of-ray-1059",
  "event/conquest-of-rayy",
  "event/conquest-of-rayy-qumis",
  "event/death-bahlawan-582",
  "event/founding-of-muhammadiyya-rayy"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}