{
 "id": "person/majid-bin-said",
 "class": "person",
 "slug": "majid-bin-said",
 "label": {
  "ar": "ماجد بن سعيد البوسعيدي",
  "en": "Majid bin Said",
  "ur": "ماجد بن سعید"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "ماجد بن سعيد البوسعيدي (نحو 1834-1870)، أول سلاطين زنجبار. وُلد في أونغوجا بزنجبار، وهو ابن سعيد بن سلطان من جاريته الشركسية سارة، وكان نائبا لوالده في زنجبار قبل وفاته. خلف والده عند وفاته سنة 1856 فاعترض أخوه الأكبر ثويني من مسقط على خلافته، وانتهى النزاع بحكم كانينغ سنة 1861 الذي قسّم الممتلكات نهائيا: زنجبار وشرق أفريقيا لماجد، ومسقط وعُمان لثويني، مقابل أن تدفع زنجبار إعانة سنوية لمسقط. ثار عليه أخوه برغش سنة 1859 ففشل ونُفي إلى بومباي سنتين. ازدهرت في عهده ثروة زنجبار وتجارتها، وأسّس دار السلام على الساحل، وتوفي في زنجبار سنة 1870 فخلفه برغش.",
  "en": "Majid bin Said al-Busaidi (c. 1834–1870), first Sultan of Zanzibar. Born on Unguja, Zanzibar, a son of Said bin Sultan by his Circassian consort Sarah, he was his father's governor and regent in Zanzibar before Said's death. He succeeded his father in 1856, his elder brother Thuwaini at Muscat contested the succession, and the dispute ended with the Canning Award of 1861, which divided the dominions permanently: Zanzibar and East Africa to Majid, Muscat and Oman to Thuwaini, with Zanzibar paying an annual subsidy to Muscat. His brother Barghash rebelled in 1859, failed, and was exiled to Bombay for two years. Zanzibar's wealth and trade grew in his reign, he founded Dar es Salaam on the mainland coast, and he died at Zanzibar in 1870 and was succeeded by Barghash.",
  "ur": "ماجد بن سعید البوسعیدی (تقریباً 1834ء–1870ء)، زنجبار کے پہلے سلطان۔ اونگوجا، زنجبار میں پیدا ہوئے، سعید بن سلطان کے بیٹے تھے، اور والد کی زندگی ہی میں زنجبار میں ان کے نائب رہے۔ 1856ء میں والد کے جانشین بنے تو مسقط سے ان کے بڑے بھائی ثوینی نے جانشینی پر اعتراض کیا، اور یہ تنازع 1861ء کے کیننگ فیصلے پر ختم ہوا جس سے مملکت مستقل تقسیم ہو گئی: زنجبار اور مشرقی افریقا ماجد کو اور مسقط و عمان ثوینی کو ملے۔ ان کے بھائی برغش نے 1859ء میں بغاوت کی، ناکام ہوئے اور دو سال بمبئی جلا وطن رہے۔ ان کے دور میں زنجبار کی دولت اور تجارت بڑھی، انہوں نے ساحل پر دار السلام کی بنیاد رکھی، اور 1870ء میں زنجبار میں وفات پائی، ان کے بعد برغش سلطان بنے۔"
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "people"
 ],
 "regions": [],
 "periods": [],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 1833.99994524186,
  "latest": 1870.7672984386768
 },
 "display": {
  "start": {
   "edtf": "1834",
   "hijri": "1250",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "Born circa 1834 on Unguja, Zanzibar: the English article, citing Nicolini (2009) for his parentage (son of Said bin Sultan and Sarah, a Circassian); one genealogical listing gives 1834/5. No source gives a day or month. The Hijri year (1250) is derived by tabular conversion of mid-1834.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-majid-bin-said-en"
   ]
  },
  "end": {
   "edtf": "1870-10-07",
   "hijri": "1287",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "Died at Zanzibar on 7 October 1870, at the close of his reign (19 October 1856 – 7 October 1870), and was buried in the Makusurani Cemetery: the English article. The Hijri year (1287) is derived by tabular conversion (7 October 1870 falls in Rajab 1287).",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-majid-bin-said-en"
   ]
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "names": [
   {
    "value": "ماجد بن سعيد البوسعيدي",
    "kind": "full"
   },
   {
    "value": "Sayyid Majid bin Said al-Busaidi",
    "kind": "full"
   },
   {
    "value": "Majid bin Said al-Busaid",
    "kind": "alternate"
   }
  ],
  "gender": "male",
  "roles": [
   "sultan"
  ],
  "born": {
   "edtf": "1834",
   "hijri": "1250",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "Born circa 1834 on Unguja, Zanzibar: the English article, citing Nicolini (2009) for his parentage (son of Said bin Sultan and Sarah, a Circassian); one genealogical listing gives 1834/5. No source gives a day or month. The Hijri year (1250) is derived by tabular conversion of mid-1834.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-majid-bin-said-en"
   ]
  },
  "died": {
   "edtf": "1870-10-07",
   "hijri": "1287",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "Died at Zanzibar on 7 October 1870, at the close of his reign (19 October 1856 – 7 October 1870), and was buried in the Makusurani Cemetery: the English article. The Hijri year (1287) is derived by tabular conversion (7 October 1870 falls in Rajab 1287).",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-majid-bin-said-en"
   ]
  },
  "faith": [
   {
    "value": "ibadi",
    "basis": "documented",
    "note": "Stated basis, following the settled pattern of his brother Ali bin Said's record in this lane. Majid's own article's infobox names his religion personally: Ibadi Islam. That personal attestation is corroborated at the level of the house and of the sultanate he himself founded and headed: the English article 'Al Bu Said dynasty' records the house's traditions as Ibadi Islam and counts the Sultanate of Zanzibar (1856–1964) among its realms, and the English article 'Ibadism' lists 'Al Bu Said dynasty: since 1744' with the sub-entry 'Zanzibari branch: 1856–1964' — the exact span Majid opened as its first sultan — among the Ibadi dynasties, resting on Hoffman (2012) and Lewicki (1971). His father's personal Ibadi affiliation is separately attested by Britannica and by his father's article. The value is therefore recorded as documented, with the reader able to see that the personal attestation is the infobox of his own article and the corroboration is dynastic.",
    "sources": [
     "source/wikipedia-majid-bin-said-en",
     "source/wikipedia-al-bu-said-dynasty-en",
     "source/wikipedia-ibadism-en",
     "source/wikipedia-said-bin-sultan-en"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "sources": [
   "source/wikipedia-majid-bin-said-en",
   "source/wikipedia-al-bu-said-dynasty-en",
   "source/wikipedia-ibadism-en",
   "source/wikipedia-said-bin-sultan-en"
  ],
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "English Wikipedia 'Majid bin Said', read in full on 25 October 2026; English Wikipedia 'Al Bu Said dynasty' and 'Ibadism' (source entities registered in century-additions-7, revisions of 9 and 20 October 2026) and 'Said bin Sultan' (revision of 9 October 2026), cited for the faith corroboration only. No Wikidata identifier was verified in this run, so none is recorded.",
   "generated_by": "Muse (Muse Spark 1.3)",
   "run": "century-additions-19"
  },
  "status": {
   "review": "published",
   "completeness": 3,
   "generated_by": "Muse (Muse Spark 1.3)"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "السيد ماجد بن سعيد البوسعيدي (نحو 1834 – 7 أكتوبر 1870) هو أول سلاطين زنجبار، حكمها من 19 أكتوبر 1856 حتى وفاته. {cite:wikipedia-majid-bin-said-en} خلف والده سعيد بن سلطان في زنجبار وشرق أفريقيا، وتوحّدت في عهده سلطنة زنجبار كيانا منفصلا نهائيا عن عُمان بعد نزاع الخلافة مع أخيه ثويني وحكم كانينغ سنة 1861. {cite:wikipedia-majid-bin-said-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "النشأة",
     "markdown": "وُلد ماجد سنة 1834 في زنجبار، ابن سعيد بن سلطان من سارة، وهي شركسية من سراريه، وكان ثاني أكبر أبناء سعيد المولودين في زنجبار بعد خالد بن سعيد (توفي 1854). {cite:wikipedia-majid-bin-said-en} عيّنه والده واليا ونائبا على زنجبار وممتلكاتها بعد وفاة أخيه الأكبر في 7 نوفمبر 1854، فكان يدير زنجبار فعلا عند وفاة والده. {cite:wikipedia-majid-bin-said-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "الخلافة ونزاعها",
     "markdown": "صار ماجد سلطان الإمبراطورية العُمانية التي عاصمتها زنجبار عند وفاة والده في 19 أكتوبر 1856، لكن خلافته كانت متنازعا عليها: فقد تولى أخوه الأكبر ثويني مسقط وعُمان وطالب بالممتلكات كلها. {cite:wikipedia-majid-bin-said-en} انتهى النزاع بالتحكيم البريطاني المعروف بحكم كانينغ في 2 أبريل 1861، الذي قسّم الممتلكات إلى سلطنتين منفصلتين: زنجبار وشرق أفريقيا لماجد، ومسقط وعُمان لثويني، على أن تدفع زنجبار لمسقط إعانة سنوية، فاعتُرف بزنجبار مملكة مستقلة. {cite:wikipedia-majid-bin-said-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "عهده",
     "markdown": "واجه ماجد ثورة خطيرة من أخيه الأصغر برغش سنة 1859 ففشلت محاولة برغش الاستيلاء على العرش ونُفي إلى بومباي سنتين — تذكر سجلات الأنساب الملكية أن الثورة الكبرى كانت سنة 1859، وتختلف بعض الملخصات في تأريخ تمردات برغش. {cite:wikipedia-majid-bin-said-en} ازدهرت ثروة المنطقة في عهده، ولا سيما مع تجارة الرقيق الزنجبارية المثيرة للجدل، التي تُذكر هنا كما تسجلها المصادر جزءا من اقتصاد السلطنة لا مدحا لها. {cite:wikipedia-majid-bin-said-en} أسّس ماجد على ساحل البر المقابل عاصمة صيفية صارت مدينة دار السلام، عاصمة تنزانيا لاحقا، وأسّس سنة 1865 وسام النجمة الزاهرة الزنجباري، واشترى سنة 1866 سفينة الحرب الكونفدرالية السابقة «شنندوه» وسمّاها «المجيدي» باسمه. {cite:wikipedia-majid-bin-said-en} تزوّج قريبته اليتيمة السيدة عائشة من عُمان ثم طلقها نحو 1858، ولم ينجب إلا ابنة واحدة هي السيدة خنفورة بنت ماجد، التي تزوجت ابن عمها حمود بن محمد، سلطان زنجبار لاحقا، فصار حفيده علي بن حمود ثامن سلاطين زنجبار. {cite:wikipedia-majid-bin-said-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "مذهبه",
     "markdown": "يذكر صندوق معلومات مقالة ماجد نفسه أن دينه هو الإسلام الإباضي، وتؤيد ذلك شهادتان على مستوى الأسرة والسلطنة التي أسسها وترأسها: فمقالة أسرة آل بوسعيد تذكر أن تقليد الأسرة هو الإسلام الإباضي وتعد سلطنة زنجبار (1856-1964) من ممالكها، ومقالة الإباضية تدرج أسرة آل بوسعيد وفرعها الزنجباري (1856-1964) ضمن الأسر الإباضية الحاكمة. {cite:wikipedia-majid-bin-said-en} {cite:wikipedia-al-bu-said-dynasty-en} {cite:wikipedia-ibadism-en} ولذلك تُسجَّل خانة الإيمان في بيانات الكيان «إباضي» بتوثيق، على الأساس المبيّن في ملاحظة الإيمان بمثل ما سُجّل لأخيه علي بن سعيد."
    },
    {
     "heading": "وفاته",
     "markdown": "توفي ماجد في زنجبار في 7 أكتوبر 1870، في الخامسة والثلاثين أو السادسة والثلاثين، ودُفن في مقبرة ماكوسوراني، فخلفه أخوه برغش لأنه لم يترك ابنا. {cite:wikipedia-majid-bin-said-en} سُمّي جنس نباتي مزهر من وسط أفريقيا باسمه «ماجيديا» ونُشر وصفه سنة 1871. {cite:wikipedia-majid-bin-said-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "العلاقات",
     "markdown": "تُسجَّل علاقتا النسب والخلافة في سجل ماجد نفسه: ماجد بن سعيد —ابن→ سعيد بن سلطان، وماجد بن سعيد —خلف→ سعيد بن سلطان، ولا يحمل سجل سعيد علاقة عكسية، لأن العلاقات العكسية تُحسَب آليا عند البناء. {cite:wikipedia-majid-bin-said-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "المراجع",
     "markdown": "- المصادر المعرّفة المستشهد بها أعلاه، وهي مسجلة في `data/source/`."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/majid-bin-said",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-25"
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Summary",
     "markdown": "Sayyid Majid bin Said al-Busaidi (c. 1834 – 7 October 1870) was the first Sultan of Zanzibar, ruling it from 19 October 1856 until his death. {cite:wikipedia-majid-bin-said-en} He succeeded his father Said bin Sultan in Zanzibar and East Africa, and in his reign the Sultanate of Zanzibar was finally separated from Oman, after his succession dispute with his brother Thuwaini and the Canning Award of 1861. {cite:wikipedia-majid-bin-said-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Early life",
     "markdown": "Majid was born in 1834 in Zanzibar, a son of Said bin Sultan by Sarah, a Circassian consort, and was the second eldest of Said's children born in Zanzibar, after Khalid bin Said (died 1854). {cite:wikipedia-majid-bin-said-en} His father made him governor and regent of Zanzibar and its dependencies after his elder brother's death on 7 November 1854, so he was already administering Zanzibar when his father died. {cite:wikipedia-majid-bin-said-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Accession and its dispute",
     "markdown": "Majid became Sultan of the Omani Empire, based at its capital Zanzibar, on his father's death on 19 October 1856, but his accession was contested: his older brother Thuwaini took Muscat and Oman and claimed the whole inheritance. {cite:wikipedia-majid-bin-said-en} The struggle ended with the British arbitration known as the Canning Award of 2 April 1861, which divided the dominions into two separate sultanates — Zanzibar and East Africa to Majid, Muscat and Oman to Thuwaini, with Zanzibar paying an annual subsidy to Muscat — and Zanzibar was recognised as an independent realm. {cite:wikipedia-majid-bin-said-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Reign",
     "markdown": "Majid faced a serious rebellion by his younger brother Barghash, whose attempt to usurp the throne in 1859 failed; Barghash was exiled to Bombay for two years. {cite:wikipedia-majid-bin-said-en} The region's wealth soared in his reign, particularly with the controversial Zanzibar slave trade — recorded here as the sources record it, as part of the sultanate's economy and not in praise of it. {cite:wikipedia-majid-bin-said-en} He founded a summer capital on the mainland coast at Dar es Salaam, later the capital of Tanzania, founded the Order of the Brilliant Star of Zanzibar in 1865, and in 1866 purchased the former Confederate commerce raider CSS Shenandoah and renamed her El Majidi after himself. {cite:wikipedia-majid-bin-said-en} His marriage produced only one daughter, Sayyida Khanfora bint Majid, who married her cousin Hamoud bin Mohammed, a later Sultan of Zanzibar; Majid's grandson Ali bin Hamud later became the eighth Sultan of Zanzibar. {cite:wikipedia-majid-bin-said-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "His faith",
     "markdown": "Majid's own article's infobox names his religion personally as Ibadi Islam, and two further attestations support it at the level of the house and of the sultanate he founded and headed: the Al Bu Said dynasty article records the house's traditions as Ibadi Islam and counts the Sultanate of Zanzibar (1856–1964) among its realms, and the Ibadism article lists the Al Bu Said dynasty, with its Zanzibari branch (1856–1964), among the Ibadi dynasties. {cite:wikipedia-majid-bin-said-en} {cite:wikipedia-al-bu-said-dynasty-en} {cite:wikipedia-ibadism-en} The entity data therefore records his faith as documented ibadi on the basis stated in full in the faith note, following the pattern of his brother Ali bin Said's record."
    },
    {
     "heading": "Death",
     "markdown": "Majid died at Zanzibar on 7 October 1870, aged 35 or 36, and was buried in the Makusurani Cemetery; having no son, he was succeeded as Sultan by his brother Barghash. {cite:wikipedia-majid-bin-said-en} A genus of Central African flowering plants, Majidea, was published in 1871 and named in his honour. {cite:wikipedia-majid-bin-said-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Relations",
     "markdown": "The kinship and succession edges are carried on Majid's own record: majid-bin-said —child_of→ said-bin-sultan, and majid-bin-said —successor_of→ said-bin-sultan; Said's record carries no reverse edge, because inverses are computed at build. {cite:wikipedia-majid-bin-said-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "References",
     "markdown": "- The defined sources cited above, registered in `data/source/`."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/majid-bin-said",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-25"
  },
  "ur": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "خلاصہ",
     "markdown": "سید ماجد بن سعید البوسعیدی (تقریباً 1834ء – 7 اکتوبر 1870ء) زنجبار کے پہلے سلطان تھے، جنہوں نے 19 اکتوبر 1856ء سے اپنی وفات تک حکمرانی کی۔ {cite:wikipedia-majid-bin-said-en} وہ اپنے والد سعید بن سلطان کے جانشین زنجبار اور مشرقی افریقا میں بنے، اور ان کے دور میں زنجبار عمان سے مستقل الگ سلطنت بن گیا۔ {cite:wikipedia-majid-bin-said-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "زندگی اور دور حکومت",
     "markdown": "وہ 1834ء میں زنجبار میں پیدا ہوئے، سعید بن سلطان اور ان کی چرکسی اہلیہ سارہ کے بیٹے تھے، اور والد نے انہیں زنجبار کا گورنر اور نائب بنا رکھا تھا۔ {cite:wikipedia-majid-bin-said-en} 1856ء میں والد کی وفات پر سلطان بنے، بڑے بھائی ثوینی نے مسقط سے جانشینی پر اعتراض کیا، اور 2 اپریل 1861ء کے کیننگ فیصلے سے مملکت تقسیم ہو گئی: زنجبار و مشرقی افریقا ماجد کو اور مسقط و عمان ثوینی کو ملے۔ {cite:wikipedia-majid-bin-said-en} ان کے بھائی برغش نے 1859ء میں بغاوت کی، ناکام ہوئے اور دو سال بمبئی جلا وطن رہے؛ ماجد نے ساحل پر دار السلام کی بنیاد رکھی اور ان کے دور میں زنجبار کی تجارت اور دولت بڑھی، جس میں غلاموں کی متنازع تجارت بھی شامل تھی۔ {cite:wikipedia-majid-bin-said-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "مسلک اور وفات",
     "markdown": "ان کے اپنے مضمون کے خانۂ معلومات میں ان کا مذہب اباضی اسلام درج ہے، اور آل بوسعید خاندان اور اباضیت کے مضامین زنجبار شاخ (1856ء–1964ء) کو اباضی روایت میں شمار کرتے ہیں، اسی لیے ہستی کے اعداد و شمار میں ان کا مسلک «اباضی» بتوثیق درج ہے۔ {cite:wikipedia-majid-bin-said-en} {cite:wikipedia-al-bu-said-dynasty-en} {cite:wikipedia-ibadism-en} 7 اکتوبر 1870ء کو زنجبار میں وفات پائی اور مکوسورانی قبرستان میں دفن ہوئے؛ بیٹا نہ ہونے کی وجہ سے ان کے بھائی برغش جانشین بنے۔ {cite:wikipedia-majid-bin-said-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "حوالہ جات",
     "markdown": "- اوپر مستشہد شدہ معرّف ذرائع، جو `data/source/` میں درج ہیں۔"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/majid-bin-said",
    "lang": "ur",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-25"
  }
 },
 "degree": 8,
 "contemporaries": [
  "person/abd-al-aziz-uthmani",
  "person/abd-al-ghaffar-al-akhras",
  "person/abd-al-ghani-al-maydani",
  "person/abd-al-qadir-al-jazairi",
  "person/abu-bakar-of-johor",
  "person/abyari-abd-al-hadi-naja",
  "person/ahmad-akansus",
  "person/ahmad-al-halawani-shihab-al-din",
  "person/ahmad-ali-saharanpuri",
  "person/ahmad-faris-al-shidyaq",
  "person/ahmed-cevdet-pasha",
  "person/ahmed-wefik-pasha"
 ],
 "updated": "2026-10-25",
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "person/said-bin-sultan",
   "type": "child_of",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-majid-bin-said-en"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "person/said-bin-sultan",
   "type": "successor_of",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-majid-bin-said-en"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "place/zanzibar",
   "type": "born_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-majid-bin-said-en"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "place/zanzibar",
   "type": "died_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-majid-bin-said-en"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "person/emily-ruete",
  "person/said-bin-sultan",
  "place/zanzibar",
  "person/abeid-karume",
  "person/ali-bin-said",
  "person/ali-hassan-mwinyi",
  "person/amani-abeid-karume",
  "person/hussein-mwinyi"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}