{
 "id": "person/muhammad-al-tahir-ibn-ashur",
 "class": "person",
 "slug": "muhammad-al-tahir-ibn-ashur",
 "label": {
  "ar": "محمد الطاهر بن عاشور",
  "en": "Muhammad al-Tahir ibn Ashur",
  "ur": "محمد طاہر بن عاشور"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "عالم ومفسِّر وفقيه تونسي (1879–1973)؛ تعلّم في جامع الزيتونة ودرّس فيه طوال حياته وتولى مشيخته، وحمل لقب شيخ الإسلام سنة 1932، واشتهر بتفسيره «التحرير والتنوير» وكتابه «مقاصد الشريعة الإسلامية»، وبموقفه الرافض طلبَ بورقيبة فتوى تبيح إفطار رمضان.",
  "en": "Tunisian scholar, exegete and jurist (1879–1973). Educated at the Zaytuna, where he taught all his life and whose rectorship he held, he received the title Shaykh al-Islam in 1932; he is best known for his Qur'an commentary al-Tahrir wa'l-Tanwir and his Maqasid al-Shari'ah al-Islamiyyah, and for refusing President Bourguiba's request for a fatwa permitting the abandonment of the Ramadan fast.",
  "ur": "تونسی عالم، مفسر اور فقیہ (1879–1973)؛ جامع زیتونہ میں تعلیم پائی اور عمر بھر وہیں پڑھایا اور اس کی مشیخت سنبھالی، 1932 میں شیخ الاسلام کا لقب ملا؛ وہ اپنی تفسیر «التحریر والتنویر» اور کتاب «مقاصد الشریعۃ الاسلامیہ» کے لیے مشہور ہیں، اور اس بات کے لیے بھی کہ انھوں نے صدر بورقیبہ کی رمضان کے روزے ترک کرنے کی فتویٰ طلبی مسترد کر دی۔"
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "people"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "maghreb"
 ],
 "periods": [],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 1879.000184808723,
  "latest": 1973.6140372491932
 },
 "display": {
  "start": {
   "edtf": "1879",
   "hijri": "1296",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "Born in Tunis in 1296 AH / 1879, into a scholarly family of Andalusi origin; the Arabic article gives the Hijri year and Wikidata gives September 1879. No source consulted gives a birth day.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-ibn-ashur-ar",
    "source/wikipedia-ibn-ashur-en",
    "source/wikidata-ibn-ashur"
   ]
  },
  "end": {
   "edtf": "1973-08-12",
   "hijri": "1393",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "Died at La Marsa on 13 Rajab 1393 AH / 12 August 1973. La Marsa has no place entity, so no died_in edge is written.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-ibn-ashur-ar",
    "source/wikipedia-ibn-ashur-fr",
    "source/wikidata-ibn-ashur"
   ]
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "names": [
   {
    "value": "محمد الطاهر بن محمد بن محمد الطاهر بن عاشور",
    "kind": "full"
   },
   {
    "value": "Muhammad al-Tahir ibn Ashur",
    "kind": "full"
   },
   {
    "value": "Mohamed Tahar Ben Achour",
    "kind": "latinized"
   }
  ],
  "gender": "male",
  "roles": [
   "scholar",
   "jurist",
   "theologian",
   "teacher"
  ],
  "born": {
   "edtf": "1879",
   "hijri": "1296",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "year",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "Born in Tunis in 1296 AH / 1879, into a scholarly family of Andalusi origin; the Arabic article gives the Hijri year and Wikidata gives September 1879. No source consulted gives a birth day.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-ibn-ashur-ar",
    "source/wikipedia-ibn-ashur-en",
    "source/wikidata-ibn-ashur"
   ]
  },
  "died": {
   "edtf": "1973-08-12",
   "hijri": "1393",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": true,
   "note": "Died at La Marsa on 13 Rajab 1393 AH / 12 August 1973. La Marsa has no place entity, so no died_in edge is written.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-ibn-ashur-ar",
    "source/wikipedia-ibn-ashur-fr",
    "source/wikidata-ibn-ashur"
   ]
  },
  "faith": [
   {
    "value": "unknown",
    "basis": "unknown",
    "note": "Only one source names a school for him personally, and only in its infobox: the English article's infobox gives denomination 'Sunni' and jurisprudence 'Maliki', citing M. Nafi (2005), p. 12 (and creed 'Ash'ari', p. 22). A single infobox, even a referenced one, does not meet the two-source rule. The Arabic and French articles describe the rite-specific offices he held — Maliki qadi (1911/1913), Maliki mufti (1923), Maliki bach mufti (1927) and the newly created Maliki Shaykh al-Islam post (1932), the French article calling the bach mufti post the highest religious dignity of the Maliki rite — but office-holding does not attest a personal school, and neither text names one for him outside those office descriptions. The Urdu article names nothing; Wikidata's single religion value is 'Islam'. Readings preserved here for the record: infobox (Nafi 2005) — Sunni, Maliki, Ash'ari; Arabic and French texts — holder of the Maliki rite's judgeship, muftiship and Shaykh al-Islam office.",
    "sources": [
     "source/wikipedia-ibn-ashur-en",
     "source/wikipedia-ibn-ashur-ar",
     "source/wikipedia-ibn-ashur-fr",
     "source/wikidata-ibn-ashur"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "external_ids": {
   "wikidata": "Q3318841"
  },
  "sources": [
   "source/wikipedia-ibn-ashur-en",
   "source/wikipedia-ibn-ashur-ar",
   "source/wikipedia-ibn-ashur-fr",
   "source/wikipedia-ibn-ashur-ur",
   "source/wikidata-ibn-ashur"
  ],
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "English Wikipedia 'Ibn Ashur' (revision 1359259712), Arabic (74555084), French (236444426) and Urdu (12109576) Wikipedia articles, each fetched by revision id and asserted, and Wikidata item Q3318841 verified by biography (Zitouna rector, 1879–1973; the similarly named Q3318839 is his grandfather, 1815–1868); existence checks by name fragments, by QID sweep and by biography found no earlier record",
   "generated_by": "Muse (Muse Spark 1.3)",
   "run": "century-additions-56"
  },
  "status": {
   "review": "published",
   "generated_by": "Muse (Muse Spark 1.3)"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "موجز",
     "markdown": "محمد الطاهر بن عاشور (1879–1973) عالم ومفسِّر وفقيه ولغوي تونسي، من كبار أساتذة جامع الزيتونة وشيوخها، وصاحب تفسير «التحرير والتنوير» وكتاب «مقاصد الشريعة الإسلامية».{cite:wikipedia-ibn-ashur-ar}{cite:wikipedia-ibn-ashur-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "النشأة والتعليم",
     "markdown": "وُلد في تونس سنة 1296هـ / 1879 في أسرة علم منحدرة من الأندلس، ترجع أصولها إلى أشراف الأدارسة واستقرت في تونس بعد اضطهاد مسلمي الأندلس.{cite:wikipedia-ibn-ashur-ar} تعلّم بجامع الزيتونة وصار من كبار أساتذته، وبقي يدرّس فيه طوال حياته.{cite:wikipedia-ibn-ashur-ar}{cite:wikipedia-ibn-ashur-en} التقى بالإمام محمد عبده حين زار الأخير تونس سنة 1903، وتأثر بدعوات الإصلاح التي حملها عبده وجمال الدين الأفغاني ومحمد رشيد رضا.{cite:wikipedia-ibn-ashur-ar}{cite:wikipedia-ibn-ashur-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "المناصب",
     "markdown": "سُمّي حاكمًا بالمجلس المختلط سنة 1909، ثم قاضيًا مالكيًا سنة 1911، وارتقى إلى رتبة الإفتاء، وفي سنة 1932 اختير لمنصب شيخ الإسلام المالكي.{cite:wikipedia-ibn-ashur-ar} تصف المقالة الفرنسية مساره بتفصيل أزيد: قاضيًا من 1913 إلى 1923، فمفتيًا مالكيًا سنة 1923، فباش مفتي مالكيًا سنة 1927، ثم أول شيخ إسلام مالكي سنة 1932، وتصف منصب الباش مفتي بأنه أعلى منصب ديني للمذهب المالكي.{cite:wikipedia-ibn-ashur-fr} ولمّا أُلغيت النظارة العلمية أصبح أول شيخ لجامعة الزيتونة، ثم أُبعد عنها لأسباب سياسية قبل أن يعود إليها.{cite:wikipedia-ibn-ashur-ar}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "المواقف",
     "markdown": "اشتهر برفضه طلبَ الرئيس الحبيب بورقيبة فتوى تبرر ترك صيام رمضان بدعوى إضراره بالإنتاجية، وردّه بأن الصيام مفروض بنص القرآن، وأُقيل إثر ذلك من منصبه.{cite:wikipedia-ibn-ashur-en} دعا إلى الاجتهاد بوصفه فرض كفاية على الأمة، وانتقد حصر الفقه في تقنيات أصولية، ورأى أن مقاصد الشريعة هي طريق تجديد الفقه وربطه بحاجات العصر.{cite:wikipedia-ibn-ashur-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "المؤلفات",
     "markdown": "أشهر مؤلفاته تفسيره للقرآن «التحرير والتنوير»، وكتابه «مقاصد الشريعة الإسلامية» الصادر سنة 1946، وكتابه «أليس الصبح بقريب» في إصلاح التعليم.{cite:wikipedia-ibn-ashur-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "الوفاة",
     "markdown": "توفي في المرسى في 13 رجب 1393هـ / 12 أغسطس 1973 عن عمر ناهز الرابعة والتسعين.{cite:wikipedia-ibn-ashur-ar}{cite:wikipedia-ibn-ashur-fr}{cite:wikidata-ibn-ashur}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "المراجع",
     "markdown": "- ويكيبيديا العربية، «محمد الطاهر بن عاشور».{cite:wikipedia-ibn-ashur-ar}\n- ويكيبيديا الإنجليزية، \"Ibn Ashur\".{cite:wikipedia-ibn-ashur-en}\n- ويكيبيديا الفرنسية، \"Mohamed Tahar Ben Achour\".{cite:wikipedia-ibn-ashur-fr}\n- ويكيبيديا الأردية، «محمد طاہر بن عاشور».{cite:wikipedia-ibn-ashur-ur}\n- ويكيداتا، Q3318841.{cite:wikidata-ibn-ashur}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/muhammad-al-tahir-ibn-ashur",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-26"
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Summary",
     "markdown": "Muhammad al-Tahir ibn Ashur (1879–1973) was a Tunisian scholar, Qur'an exegete, jurist and linguist, one of the senior teachers of the Zaytuna and its rector, author of the commentary al-Tahrir wa'l-Tanwir and of Maqasid al-Shari'ah al-Islamiyyah.{cite:wikipedia-ibn-ashur-ar}{cite:wikipedia-ibn-ashur-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Early life and education",
     "markdown": "He was born in Tunis in 1296 AH / 1879 into a scholarly family of Andalusi origin, descended from the Idrisid sharifs and settled in Tunisia after the persecution of Andalusi Muslims.{cite:wikipedia-ibn-ashur-ar} He studied at the Zaytuna, became one of its senior teachers, and taught there all his life.{cite:wikipedia-ibn-ashur-ar}{cite:wikipedia-ibn-ashur-en} He met Muhammad Abduh when the latter visited Tunisia in 1903, and was influenced by the reform calls of Abduh, Jamal al-Din al-Afghani and Muhammad Rashid Rida.{cite:wikipedia-ibn-ashur-ar}{cite:wikipedia-ibn-ashur-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Offices",
     "markdown": "He was appointed a judge on the mixed council in 1909, then a Maliki qadi in 1911, rose to the rank of mufti, and in 1932 was chosen for the post of Maliki Shaykh al-Islam.{cite:wikipedia-ibn-ashur-ar} The French article gives the sequence in more detail: qadi from 1913 to 1923, Maliki mufti in 1923, Maliki bach mufti in 1927, and first Maliki Shaykh al-Islam in 1932, describing the bach mufti post as the highest religious dignity of the Maliki rite.{cite:wikipedia-ibn-ashur-fr} When the scientific inspectorate was abolished he became the first Shaykh of Zaytuna University, was removed from it for political reasons, and later returned.{cite:wikipedia-ibn-ashur-ar}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Positions",
     "markdown": "He is famous for rejecting President Habib Bourguiba's request for a fatwa justifying the abandonment of the Ramadan fast on the claim that it harmed productivity, replying that fasting is prescribed by the Qur'an's text; he was dismissed from his post as a result.{cite:wikipedia-ibn-ashur-en} He called for ijtihad as a collective duty of the community, criticised the confinement of jurisprudence to methodological technicalities, and held that the higher purposes (maqasid) of the shari'a are the way to renew the law and connect it to the needs of the age.{cite:wikipedia-ibn-ashur-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Works",
     "markdown": "His best-known works are his Qur'an commentary al-Tahrir wa'l-Tanwir, his Maqasid al-Shari'ah al-Islamiyyah, published in 1946, and A laysa al-subh bi-qarib, on the reform of education.{cite:wikipedia-ibn-ashur-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Death",
     "markdown": "He died at La Marsa on 13 Rajab 1393 AH / 12 August 1973, aged about ninety-four.{cite:wikipedia-ibn-ashur-ar}{cite:wikipedia-ibn-ashur-fr}{cite:wikidata-ibn-ashur}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "References",
     "markdown": "- Arabic Wikipedia, \"Muhammad al-Tahir ibn Ashur\".{cite:wikipedia-ibn-ashur-ar}\n- English Wikipedia, \"Ibn Ashur\".{cite:wikipedia-ibn-ashur-en}\n- French Wikipedia, \"Mohamed Tahar Ben Achour\".{cite:wikipedia-ibn-ashur-fr}\n- Urdu Wikipedia, \"Muhammad al-Tahir ibn Ashur\".{cite:wikipedia-ibn-ashur-ur}\n- Wikidata, Q3318841.{cite:wikidata-ibn-ashur}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/muhammad-al-tahir-ibn-ashur",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-26"
  },
  "ur": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "خلاصہ",
     "markdown": "محمد الطاہر بن عاشور (1879–1973) تونسی عالم، مفسر اور فقیہ تھے؛ جامع زیتونہ کے بڑے اساتذہ اور شیوخ میں سے تھے، 1932 میں شیخ الاسلام بنے، اور اپنی تفسیر «التحریر والتنویر» اور کتاب «مقاصد الشریعۃ الاسلامیہ» کے لیے مشہور ہیں۔{cite:wikipedia-ibn-ashur-ar}{cite:wikipedia-ibn-ashur-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "ابتدائی زندگی اور تعلیم",
     "markdown": "وہ 1296ھ / 1879ء میں تونس میں اندلسی نژاد علمی خاندان میں پیدا ہوئے۔{cite:wikipedia-ibn-ashur-ar} جامع زیتونہ میں تعلیم پائی اور عمر بھر وہیں پڑھایا۔{cite:wikipedia-ibn-ashur-ar}{cite:wikipedia-ibn-ashur-en} 1903 میں تونس کے دورے پر آئے محمد عبدہ سے ان کی ملاقات ہوئی۔{cite:wikipedia-ibn-ashur-ar}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "مناصب و موقف",
     "markdown": "وہ 1911 میں مالکی قاضی بنے اور 1932 میں مالکی شیخ الاسلام کے منصب پر منتخب ہوئے، اور جامع زیتونہ کے پہلے شیخ بنے۔{cite:wikipedia-ibn-ashur-ar}{cite:wikipedia-ibn-ashur-fr} وہ صدر بورقیبہ کی اس درخواست کو مسترد کرنے کے لیے مشہور ہیں کہ رمضان کے روزے ترک کرنے کی فتویٰ دیا جائے؛ اس کے نتیجے میں انھیں منصب سے ہٹا دیا گیا۔{cite:wikipedia-ibn-ashur-en}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "وفات",
     "markdown": "ان کا انتقال 13 رجب 1393ھ / 12 اگست 1973ء کو المرسى میں ہوا۔{cite:wikipedia-ibn-ashur-ar}{cite:wikidata-ibn-ashur}"
    },
    {
     "heading": "حوالہ جات",
     "markdown": "- عربی ویکیپیڈیا، «محمد الطاہر بن عاشور»۔{cite:wikipedia-ibn-ashur-ar}\n- انگریزی ویکیپیڈیا، \"Ibn Ashur\"۔{cite:wikipedia-ibn-ashur-en}\n- فرانسیسی ویکیپیڈیا، \"Mohamed Tahar Ben Achour\"۔{cite:wikipedia-ibn-ashur-fr}\n- اردو ویکیپیڈیا، «محمد طاہر بن عاشور»۔{cite:wikipedia-ibn-ashur-ur}\n- ویکی ڈیٹا، Q3318841۔{cite:wikidata-ibn-ashur}"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/muhammad-al-tahir-ibn-ashur",
    "lang": "ur",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-26"
  }
 },
 "degree": 2,
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  "person/abdul-hamid-khan-bhashani",
  "person/mohamed-salah-ben-mrad",
  "person/alauddin-khan",
  "person/hassan-taqizadeh",
  "person/ali-al-mirghani",
  "person/sati-al-husri",
  "person/ustad-ghulam-hossein",
  "person/atiya-fyzee",
  "person/uzair-gul-peshawari",
  "person/sefika-gasprinskaya",
  "person/da-pusheng",
  "person/muhammad-ibn-isa-al-khalifa"
 ],
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  "event/conquest-of-tunis-1534",
  "event/conquest-of-tunis-1535",
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  "event/hafsid-independence-627",
  "event/marinid-entry-tunis-748",
  "event/ottoman-recovery-of-tunis-981",
  "person/abdelaziz-thaalbi"
 ],
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  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}