{ "id": "person/muhammad", "class": "person", "slug": "muhammad", "label": { "en": "Muhammad", "ar": "محمد" }, "summary": { "en": "The Prophet of Islam (c. 570–632 CE), through whom Muslims believe the Qur'an was revealed, and the founder of the first Muslim community in Medina.", "ar": "نبي الإسلام (نحو 570–632م)، الذي يؤمن المسلمون بنزول القرآن عليه، ومؤسس أول مجتمع إسلامي في المدينة المنورة. توفي في المدينة المنورة في ربيع الأول سنة 11 هـ وهو ابن ثلاث وستين سنة {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.444}، وكُفّن في ثلاثة أثواب يمانية بيض، وغسّله علي، وأعان العباس والفضل وقثم وأسامة وشقران {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.445-446}." }, "stub": false, "wings": [ "people" ], "regions": [ "arabia" ], "periods": [ "period/prophetic-era" ], "tags": [], "aliases": [], "themes": [ "prophets" ], "span": { "earliest": 570.0013689535035, "latest": 632.4366003408377 }, "display": { "start": { "edtf": "0570~", "calendar": "julian", "precision": "year", "status": "tradition", "note": "Traditionally the 'Year of the Elephant'; the exact year is not certain." }, "end": { "edtf": "0632-06-08", "hijri": "0011-03-12", "calendar": "julian", "precision": "day", "status": "tradition", "note": "Traditional date; a tabular conversion of 12 Rabi' I 11 AH gives 7 June." } }, "data": { "names": [ { "kind": "full", "lang": "ar", "value": "محمد بن عبد الله بن عبد المطلب بن هاشم" }, { "kind": "kunya", "lang": "ar-Latn", "value": "Abu al-Qasim" } ], "gender": "male", "born": { "edtf": "0570~", "calendar": "julian", "precision": "year", "status": "tradition", "note": "Traditionally the 'Year of the Elephant'; the exact year is not certain." }, "died": { "edtf": "0632-06-08", "hijri": "0011-03-12", "calendar": "julian", "precision": "day", "status": "tradition", "note": "Traditional date; a tabular conversion of 12 Rabi' I 11 AH gives 7 June." }, "roles": [ "prophet", "statesman" ], "traditions": [ "sunni", "shia-twelver" ], "sensitivity": "figurative-prophet", "story_roles": [ { "role": "prophet-figure", "start": { "edtf": "0610~", "calendar": "julian", "precision": "year" }, "status": "tradition", "sources": [ "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume" ] } ], "external_ids": { "wikidata": "Q9458" }, "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq", "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume", "source/assabile-omar-abdelkafy" ], "education": { "did_you_know": { "ar": "وُلد محمد بمكة نحو سنة ٥٧٠م، ونزل عليه الوحي سنة ٦١٠م، وهاجر إلى المدينة حيث قام أول مجتمع إسلامي.", "en": "Muhammad was born in Mecca around 570 CE, received the revelation in 610, and emigrated to Medina where the first Muslim community was formed.", "ur": "محمد مکہ میں تقریباً 570ء میں پیدا ہوئے، 610ء میں ان پر وحی نازل ہوئی اور مدینہ ہجرت کی جہاں پہلا مسلم معاشرہ قائم ہوا۔", "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq", "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume" ] }, "levels": [ "sprouts", "explorers", "scholars" ], "flagged_for_kids": true, "provenance": { "generated_by": "Claude Code", "model": "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5)", "run": "education-E2-batch1", "note": "Leveled texts drafted from the record's own summary; draft, pending the founder's review and scholar review of the child levels." } }, "provenance": { "layer": "own-research", "source": "al-Raheeq al-Makhtum (Mubarakpuri), local copy 20210430 (460 pages; pages.json page numbers): pp. 49, 54-67, 71, 75, 444-446, 454-460", "generated_by": "Claude Haiku 5.5 (batch 10)", "model": "claude-haiku-5-5", "run": "showcase-prose-phase3-batch10" }, "status": { "review": "published", "completeness": 3, "generated_by": "Claude Haiku 5.5; batch 10. Every sentence of the prose is checked against the local copy of al-Raheeq al-Makhtum (20210430, pages.json pages): the lineage (p. 49), the birth and early years (pp. 54-58), youth and marriage (pp. 58-61), character before prophethood (pp. 62, 65), the beginning of revelation (pp. 63-67), the call (pp. 63, 71, 75), the shama'il (pp. 454-460) and the death (pp. 444-446). Removed as not witnessed: the Muslim and Ibn Hisham cross-references, the Muruj and the other classical citations, the 'hadith of the Dhubab' authenticity dispute, the first-day converts, the 'more than forty' count, the Quran 68:4 link, and the 'burial by Ali' claim. Corrected: the age at the Fijar war (twentieth year, not fifteen), the fourth-year chest-opening, and the shroud (three white Yemeni cloths, not two Sahari cloths and a hibra). Source note: the 344-page copy named in the source record is not readable (garbled OCR); this record cites the 460-page copy, and the source record should name it" } }, "prose": { "ar": { "sections": [ { "heading": "موجز", "markdown": "نبي الإسلام محمد بن عبد الله بن عبد المطلب (نحو 570–632م)، يُعرض هنا من جهة شمائله كما أوردها المباركفوري في الرحيق المختوم {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.454}." }, { "heading": "جمال الخلق", "markdown": "وصفت [[person/umm-mabad|أم معبد الخزاعية]] النبي لزوجها حين مر بخيمتها مهاجراً، فقالت إنه ظاهر الوضاءة، أبلج الوجه، حسن الخلق، في عينيه دعج، وفي عنقه سطع {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.454}. ووصفه علي بن أبي طالب فقال: لم يكن بالطويل ولا بالقصير المتردد، وكان ربعة من القوم، أبيض مشرباً أدعج العينين أهدب الأشفار، جليل المشاش والكتد، بين كتفيه خاتم النبوة، وهو خاتم النبيين، أجود الناس كفاً وأجرأ الناس صدراً وأصدق الناس لهجة وأوفى الناس ذمة {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.454}. وقال أنس بن مالك: كان أزهر اللون، ليس بأبيض أمهق ولا آدم، وما مسست حريراً ولا ديباجاً ألين من كف النبي {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.455-456}. وقال البراء: كان أحسن الناس وجهاً وأحسنهم خلقاً {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.455}." }, { "heading": "كمال النفس ومكارم الأخلاق", "markdown": "كان يتكلم بجوامع الكلم، فصلاً لا فضول فيه ولا تقصير {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.459}. وقالت عائشة: ما خُيّر رسول الله بين أمرين إلا اختار أيسرهما ما لم يكن إثماً، ولم يكن ينتقم لنفسه إلا أن تنتهك حرمة الله {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.457}. وكان أجود الناس، وأجود ما يكون في رمضان حين يلقاه جبريل، فكان أجود بالخير من الريح المرسلة، وما سُئل شيئاً قط فقال لا {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.457}. وكان أشجع الناس؛ قال علي: كنا إذا حمي البأس واحمرت الحدق اتقينا برسول الله، فما يكون أحد أقرب إلى العدو منه {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.458}. وكان أشد الناس حياء، قال أبو سعيد الخدري: «كان أشد حياء من العذراء في خدرها، وإذا كره شيئاً عرف في وجهه» {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.458}. وكان قومه يسمونه الأمين لما جمع فيه من الخصال الصالحة {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.62}. وكان يخصف نعله ويخيط ثوبه ويعمل بيده في بيته، كما قالت عائشة {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.458}. ووصفه [[person/hind-ibn-abi-hala|هند بن أبي هالة]] بأنه متواصل الأحزان، دائم الفكرة، طويل السكوت، لا يتكلم في غير حاجة {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.459}. وخلص المباركفوري إلى أن هذه الخلال خطوط قصار من مظاهر كماله، وأن حقيقة ما كان عليه لا تُدرك {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.460}." }, { "heading": "للزوار الصغار", "markdown": "وصف الناسُ النبيَ بأنه جميل المنظر حسن الخلق: حليم جواد شجاع متواضع أمين، لا ينتقم لنفسه، ولا يقول لسائل «لا»." }, { "heading": "النسب الشريف", "markdown": "يقسّم المؤلف نسب النبي إلى ثلاثة أجزاء: جزء اتفق عليه أهل السير والأنساب، وهو من النبي إلى عدنان: محمد بن [[person/abdullah-ibn-abd-al-muttalib|عبد الله]] بن [[person/abd-al-muttalib|عبد المطلب]] بن [[person/hashim-ibn-abd-manaf|هاشم]] بن [[person/abd-manaf-ibn-qusayy|عبد مناف]] بن [[person/qusayy-ibn-kilab|قصي]] بن كلاب بن مرة بن كعب بن لؤي بن غالب بن [[person/fihr-ibn-malik|فهر]] بن مالك بن النضر بن كنانة بن خزيمة بن مدركة بن إلياس بن مضر بن نزار بن معد بن عدنان. وجزء كثر فيه الاختلاف من عدنان إلى إبراهيم، وجزء من إبراهيم إلى آدم يعتمد فيه على نقل أهل الكتاب، وفيه ما لا يُشك في بطلانه {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.49}. تفصيله في [[concept/nasab-al-nabi|النسب النبوي وأجزائه الثلاثة]]، وأسرته في [[group/banu-hashim|بني هاشم]]. ويُروى عن النبي أنه قال: «أنا ابن الذبيحين» يعني إسماعيل وأباه عبد الله {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.54}." }, { "heading": "المولد والنشأة الأولى", "markdown": "ولد بشعب بني هاشم بمكة صبيحة يوم الاثنين التاسع من ربيع الأول، لأول عام من حادثة الفيل، ويوافق عند المؤلف 20 أو 22 أبريل 571م ([[event/year-of-the-elephant-and-birth|المولد]]) {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.54}. وسمّاه جده عبد المطلب محمداً، وختنه يوم سابعه {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.55}. وكانت أول مرضعاته [[person/thuwayba|ثويبة]]، ثم أرضعته [[person/halima-al-sadiyya|حليمة بنت أبي ذؤيب]] في [[group/banu-sad-ibn-bakr|بني سعد بن بكر]]، وكان من إخوته من الرضاعة، وكان ابن عمه [[person/abu-sufyan-ibn-al-harith|أبو سفيان بن الحارث]] وعمه [[person/hamza|حمزة]] مسترضعين هناك {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.55}. وفي السنة الرابعة من مولده، على قول المحققين، وقع [[event/shaqq-al-sadr|حادث شق الصدر]]، فردّته حليمة إلى أمه {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.57}. ولما بلغ ست سنين ماتت أمه بالأبواء بين مكة والمدينة ([[event/death-of-amina|وفاة آمنة]])، فعاد به جده [[person/abd-al-muttalib|عبد المطلب]] إلى مكة {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.57}. ومات الجد وله ثمان سنوات وشهران وعشرة أيام، فكفله عمه [[person/abu-talib|أبو طالب]] ([[event/death-of-abd-al-muttalib|وفاة عبد المطلب]]) {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.57-58}." }, { "heading": "الشباب قبل النبوة", "markdown": "وفي الثانية عشرة من عمره ارتحل به أبو طالب تاجراً إلى الشام، حتى بلغ بصرى، فلقي الراهب [[person/bahira|بحيرى]] الذي عرفه بخاتم النبوة بين كتفيه، وخاف عليه من الروم واليهود، فبعثه عمه مع بعض غلمانه إلى مكة ([[event/bahira-encounter|لقاء بحيرا]]) {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.58}. وفي السنة العشرين من عمره وقعت [[event/harb-al-fijar|حرب الفجار]]، وكان ينبل على عمومته، أي يجهز لهم النبل للرمي {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.59}. وعلى أثرها شهد [[event/hilf-al-fudul|حلف الفضول]] في دار عبد الله بن جدعان، وقال بعد أن أكرمه الله بالرسالة: «لقد شهدت في دار عبد الله بن جدعان حلفاً ما أحب أن لي به حمر النعم، ولو أُدعي به في الإسلام لأجبت» {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.59}. ولم يكن له عمل معين في أول شبابه، إلا أن الروايات توالت أنه كان يرعى غنماً في بني سعد وفي مكة لأهلها على قراريط، ويبدو أنه انتقل إلى التجارة حين شبّ {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.59}. وفي الخامسة والعشرين من عمره خرج تاجراً إلى الشام في مال [[person/khadija|خديجة]] ([[event/trade-journey-to-syria-for-khadija|رحلة الشام]])، ثم تزوجها بعد رجوعه بشهرين ([[event/marriage-to-khadija|الزواج]])، وكل أولاده منها سوى إبراهيم {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.60-61}. ولخمس وثلاثين سنة من مولده قامت قريش ببناء الكعبة، فحكّموه في وضع الحجر الأسود ([[event/rebuilding-of-the-kaaba|إعادة بناء الكعبة]]) {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.60-61}." }, { "heading": "السيرة الإجمالية قبل النبوة", "markdown": "كان لا يشرب الخمر، ولا يأكل مما ذُبح على النُّصُب، ولا يحضر للأوثان عيداً ولا احتفالاً، ولا يصبر على سماع الحلف باللات والعزى {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.62}. ويذكر المؤلف رواية أنه همّ مرة أن يسمر بمكة كما يسمر الشباب، فسمع عزف عرس فجلس يسمع، فضرب الله على أذنه فنام {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.62}. وكان في قومه ممتازاً بالمروءة وحسن الخلق والعهد والأمانة، حتى سماه قومه الأمين {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.62}. وكما قالت خديجة فيه: يحمل الكَلّ، ويكسب المعدوم، ويقري الضيف، ويعين على نوائب الحق {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.65}." }, { "heading": "في ظلال النبوة: بدء الوحي", "markdown": "كان يعتزل في [[place/ghar-hira|غار حراء]] في شهر رمضان من كل سنة، وذلك من ثلاث سنوات قبل النبوة {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.64-66}. ولما تمت له أربعون سنة، جاءته الرؤيا الصادقة ستة أشهر، ثم جاءه الوحي، ويرجّح المؤلف أن ذلك كان ليلة الاثنين 21 رمضان الموافق 10 أغسطس 610م ([[event/first-revelation|بدء الوحي]]) {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.64}. فرجع إلى [[person/khadija|خديجة]] فطمأنته، وذهبت به إلى [[person/waraqa-ibn-nawfal|ورقة بن نوفل]] {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.65}. ثم فتر الوحي عشرة أيام في ترجيح المؤلف {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.66}، ثم نزلت أوائل سورة المدثر بالقيام والإنذار ([[event/second-revelation-al-muddaththir|نزول المدثر]]) {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.67}. وذكر المؤلف أن مدة النبوة ثلاث وعشرون سنة {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.64}." }, { "heading": "الدعوة السرية", "markdown": "تنقسم مراحل العهد المكي عند المؤلف إلى ثلاث: مرحلة الدعوة السرية، وهي ثلاث سنوات، ثم مرحلة إعلان الدعوة في أهل مكة ([[concept/marahil-al-dawa|مراحل الدعوة]]) {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.63}. وكان النبي وأصحابه يصلون في الشعاب مستخفين بصلاتهم من قومهم ([[concept/al-salat-qabl-al-isra|الصلاة قبل الإسراء]]) {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.71}. ثم أُمر بالجهر بالدعوة، فجهر بها في مجامع المشركين ونواديهم {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.75}." }, { "heading": "للبراعم", "markdown": "نبي الإسلام، يؤمن المسلمون بأن القرآن نزل عليه، وهو الذي أسّس أول مجتمع مسلم في المدينة." }, { "heading": "للمستكشفين", "markdown": "محمد نبي الإسلام، ولد في مكة نحو سنة 570 للميلاد، ويؤمن المسلمون بأن القرآن نزل عليه. عاش في مكة، ثم انتقل إلى المدينة، وهناك صار مجتمع المسلمين الأول. توفي سنة 11 للهجرة، وهو ابن ثلاث وستين سنة، ويعرف أهل مكة صدقه وأمانته قبل أن يبدأ الوحي." }, { "heading": "للدارسين", "markdown": "محمد بن عبد الله، ولد في مكة نحو سنة 570م وتوفي سنة 632م، ويؤمن المسلمون بأنه النبي الذي نزل عليه القرآن. عرفه أهل مكة بالصدق والأمانة قبل البعثة، وكان يتاجر ويعمل بين قومه. بدأ الوحي وهو في الأربعين، ثم دعا قومه إلى توحيد الله، ثم هاجر إلى المدينة، وهناك أسس أول مجتمع للمسلمين. أخبار حياته تأتي من السيرة والحديث، ويعرض المتحف كل خبر بمصدره ودرجة ثبوته." }, { "heading": "من درس الشيخ عمر عبد الكافي: تفسير القرآن (الحلقة 9)", "markdown": "يروي الشيخ أن النبي قال لأصحابه إنه يراهم من وراء ظهره كما يراهم من أمامه، ويرى الشيخ أن هذا ليس بعيداً عن قدره، فإذا كان عامة الناس على ما بهم من ذنوب يرون في المنام رؤى جميلة فما بالك بالنبي {cite:assabile-omar-abdelkafy tafsir-al-quran-al-qareem/ep09 00:31:00}.\n\nويروي أن النبي بعد الستين كان لا يقوم من السجدة الثانية إلى الركعة التالية دفعة واحدة بل يجلس جلسة قصيرة للاستراحة، وأن عائشة سألته أن يستريح قليلاً خوفاً على قدميه أن تتورما من كثرة القيام (needs_source) {cite:assabile-omar-abdelkafy tafsir-al-quran-al-qareem/ep09 00:44:00}.\n\nويلفت الشيخ إلى أن النبي، مع أنه معصوم من الذنب ومغفور له، أجاب عائشة حين طلبت منه أن ينام قليلاً، ثم يورد جوابه {cite:assabile-omar-abdelkafy tafsir-al-quran-al-qareem/ep09 00:44:30}.\n\nويذكر أنه قال لها كيف يرتاح وصاحب القرن قد أدنى القرن من فمه، وحنى جبهته، وأصغى بسمعه، وشخص ببصره إلى السماء ينتظر متى يؤمر بالنفخ، ويصف الشيخ ذلك بأنه خشية أن يأمره ربه بالنفخ {cite:assabile-omar-abdelkafy tafsir-al-quran-al-qareem/ep09 00:45:00}.\n\nويفسر الشيخ بذلك حديثاً آخر، هو قول النبي إنهم لو علموا ما يعلم لضحكوا قليلاً وبكوا كثيراً ولما تلذذوا بالنساء على الفرش، ويقول إن النبي كان يعيش هذه المعاني، ولذلك كان الصحابة وأمهات المؤمنين يراقبون حركاته {cite:assabile-omar-abdelkafy tafsir-al-quran-al-qareem/ep09 00:45:30}.\n\nويحكي عن أم سلمة أنها رأت النبي يصلي وحده بالليل فعجبت من حاله: تقدم خطوة في صلاته ومد يده ثم عاد ورجع إلى الخلف، ثم أكمل صلاته وسلّم، فسألته عن ذلك الأمر الغريب الذي رأته عليه تلك الليلة {cite:assabile-omar-abdelkafy tafsir-al-quran-al-qareem/ep09 00:46:00}.\n\nفقال لها، كما يروي الشيخ، إنه بينما كان يصلي فُتح له باب من أبواب الجنة، وبدا عنقود من عنب من إحدى أشجارها فمد يده ليقطفه لها {cite:assabile-omar-abdelkafy tafsir-al-quran-al-qareem/ep09 00:46:30}.\n\nوإنه قيل له إنه ما يزال في الدنيا وإن معدة الدنيا لا تصلح لهذا العنب، فأعاد يده، ثم فُتح له باب من أبواب النار فخاف منها ورجع إلى الخلف وأكمل صلاته مستغفراً {cite:assabile-omar-abdelkafy tafsir-al-quran-al-qareem/ep09 00:47:00}.\n\nثم يذكر الشيخ أن النبي سأل بلالاً عما يصنع، لأنه سمع وقع خطاه في الجنة، وأنه رأى امرأة تسير أمامه، فلما سألها من هي أخبرته أنها امرأة ترك لها زوجها أيتاماً فقامت عليهم {cite:assabile-omar-abdelkafy tafsir-al-quran-al-qareem/ep09 00:47:30}.\n\nوتقول المرأة إنها ربّتهم، ويذكر الشيخ أنها ستدخل الجنة، ثم يستحضر قول رجل إنه يجد ريح الجنة، ويتساءل هل يتوقف من شمّ هذه الريح أم يمضي إليها {cite:assabile-omar-abdelkafy tafsir-al-quran-al-qareem/ep09 00:48:00}.\n\nويروي أن النبي كان يمر ليلاً على أزواجه التسع، فيخرج من عند واحدة ويمر على الثماني الأخريات، ويوقظهن قائلاً إن كثيراً من النساء المنعمات في الدنيا يكنّ في الآخرة في شدة، ويذكّرهن بأهوال القيامة والموت (needs_source) {cite:assabile-omar-abdelkafy tafsir-al-quran-al-qareem/ep09 00:50:30}.\n\nويتساءل الشيخ هل تنام أم المؤمنين وهي تسمع النبي يقول ذلك كل يوم، ثم يذكر أنه كان يأتي آخر بيت فيوقظ فاطمة وعلياً للصلاة، وأن علياً كان يأخذ غفوة من النوم بعد قيام الليل {cite:assabile-omar-abdelkafy tafsir-al-quran-al-qareem/ep09 00:51:00}." }, { "heading": "من درس الشيخ عمر عبد الكافي: تفسير القرآن (الحلقة 10)", "markdown": "يذكر الشيخ أن طائفة من الناس تدخل الجنة برحمة الله لا بعملها، وأن أصحاب النبي سألوه: ولا أنت يا رسول الله؟ فقال: ولا أنا إلا أن يتغمدني الله برحمة، ثم يتساءل من القائل، فيقول إنه من وعده الله بالمغفرة وبالمقام المحمود، وهو أول شافع يُؤذن له بين يدي الله {cite:assabile-omar-abdelkafy tafsir-al-quran-al-qareem/ep10 00:04:00}.\n\nويذكر حديث الشفاعة: يتنقل أهل الموقف بين الأنبياء من آدم إلى عيسى وكل منهم يقول «لست لها»، ثم يقول النبي «أنا لها»، ويقول الشيخ إن النبي مع ذلك كان يقول إنه لا يدخل الجنة بعمله {cite:assabile-omar-abdelkafy tafsir-al-quran-al-qareem/ep10 00:04:30}.\n\nويصف أن النبي كان يقضي ليله ونهاره ابتغاء مرضاة الله، وأن كلامه كان ذكراً ونظره اعتباراً وصمته تفكراً في توحيد ربه، فكانت حواسه كلها مشغولة بربه {cite:assabile-omar-abdelkafy tafsir-al-quran-al-qareem/ep10 00:05:00}.\n\nويقول إن الحقائق عُرضت على النبي، وإن من فضل الله على الناس أنه ستر عنهم ذلك لتهنأ حياتهم، لأن الحياة لا تهنأ مع الانزعاج، ويقول للمؤمن إن السجادة الجميلة التي يجلس عليها تسبّح {cite:assabile-omar-abdelkafy tafsir-al-quran-al-qareem/ep10 00:17:00}.\n\nويذكر أن روح النبي كانت شفافة تعبر عن النور، فكان الحصى يسبّح في يده، وأنه قال عند فتح مكة إن هنا حجراً كان يسلّم عليه كلما مر به، وأن الجذع حنّ إليه حنين الصبي الرضيع {cite:assabile-omar-abdelkafy tafsir-al-quran-al-qareem/ep10 00:17:30}.\n\nويقول إن الصحابة سمعوا ذلك كله، لا النبي وحده، لأن أرواحهم كانت نورانية لم تحجبها عتمة المادة البدنية {cite:assabile-omar-abdelkafy tafsir-al-quran-al-qareem/ep10 00:18:00}.\n\nويروي أن أعرابياً في الصحراء سأل النبي من أنت، فقال إنه محمد بن عبد الله رسول الله، فسأله من يشهد لك بذلك، فقال النبي إن هذه الشجرة تشهد {cite:assabile-omar-abdelkafy tafsir-al-quran-al-qareem/ep10 00:19:00}.\n\nويكمل أن النبي ناداها أن تأتي بإذن الله، فجاءت تتحرك على الأرض، فسألها من أنا، فقالت: أنت محمد رسول الله {cite:assabile-omar-abdelkafy tafsir-al-quran-al-qareem/ep10 00:19:30}.\n\nويرى الشيخ أن ما علمه الله لنبيه، وإن كان كثيراً، فهو بالنسبة إلى علم الله كرشفة من بحر؛ فمن أخذ من البحر دلواً أو مئة ألف دلو لم ينقص البحر شيئاً {cite:assabile-omar-abdelkafy tafsir-al-quran-al-qareem/ep10 00:29:30}.\n\nويدعو الشيخ إلى التعلم من حنان النبي، ويقول إن الكلمة الطيبة تفتح القلوب، ويسأل هل يحسن أحدنا تدبير بيته على هذا النحو {cite:assabile-omar-abdelkafy tafsir-al-quran-al-qareem/ep10 00:48:30}.\n\nويذكر أن باحثين اكتشفوا منذ سنوات أن ضرب الطفل على وجهه يقتل 300 خلية عصبية في دماغه، وأن المسح على شعره ينبت له 300 خلية عصبية، ثم يربط ذلك بما يُروى عن فضل المسح على رأس اليتيم، فلكل شعرة أجر، ويقول إن قدر النبي لم يعرفه إلا ربه (needs_source) {cite:assabile-omar-abdelkafy tafsir-al-quran-al-qareem/ep10 00:49:00}.\n\nوينتقد الشيخ المسلمين لأنهم عاطفيون في حبهم للنبي، ويتساءل هل يقتدي أحدهم به زوجاً وجاراً ومعلماً ومتعلماً، وهل في المسلمين خلقه في الحلم والوفاء والأخذ والعطاء، ويقول إن الصحابة عرفوا قدره (انتقاد حاد من الشيخ) {cite:assabile-omar-abdelkafy tafsir-al-quran-al-qareem/ep10 00:49:30}.\n\nثم ينشد أبياتاً شعرية في وصف أخلاق النبي، فيذكر أنه خير معلم، رحيم، وفيّ بعهوده (استشهاد بالشعر) {cite:assabile-omar-abdelkafy tafsir-al-quran-al-qareem/ep10 00:50:00}.\n\nوينشد أبياتاً أخرى تصف النبي بأنه فجر العالم وشروقه، وأن الله فجّر به ينبوع البيان، ويقول إن رسول الله هو صبح العالم كله (استشهاد بالشعر) {cite:assabile-omar-abdelkafy tafsir-al-quran-al-qareem/ep10 00:50:30}.\n\n:::perspectives\n- **أهل السنة (لم يُسنَد بعد)**: لم يُسنَد بعد موقف أهل السنة في اتباع المسلمين لأخلاق النبي وسنته.\n- **رأي الشيخ عمر عبد الكافي (رأي شخصي)**: ينتقد الشيخ المسلمين لأنهم عاطفيون في حبهم للنبي، ويتساءل هل يقتدون به في بيوتهم وجيرتهم وتعليمهم وتعلمهم {cite:assabile-omar-abdelkafy tafsir-al-quran-al-qareem/ep10 00:49:30}.\n- **رأي أكاديمي أو آراء أخرى (لم يُسنَد بعد)**: لم تُسنَد بعد الآراء الأكاديمية والآراء الأخرى.\n:::" } ], "frontmatter": { "id": "person/muhammad", "lang": "ar", "source_lang": "ar", "translators": [] }, "updated": "2026-10-25" }, "en": { "sections": [ { "heading": "Summary", "markdown": "The Prophet of Islam, Muhammad ibn Abdullah ibn Abd al-Muttalib (c. 570–632 CE). This entry follows him through his shama'il, his bodily and moral qualities, as al-Mubarakpuri gives them in *al-Raheeq al-Makhtum* {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.454}." }, { "heading": "The beauty of his form", "markdown": "[[person/umm-mabad|Umm Ma'bad al-Khuza'iyya]] described the Prophet to her husband when he passed her tent as an emigrant. She said he was radiant of face, with a bright forehead and fine character, deep black in his eyes and with a gleam at his neck {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.454}.\n\nAli ibn Abi Talib described him: he was neither overly tall nor short, but of middle height among the people. His complexion was white with a reddish tinge, his eyes deep black, his eyelashes long, and he was broad at the joints and across the upper back. Between his shoulders was the seal of prophethood, for he is the Seal of the Prophets. He was the most generous of people with his hand, the most courageous in heart, the most truthful in speech and the most faithful to his word {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.454}. Anas ibn Malik said: he was radiant in complexion, neither pale-white nor dark. I never touched silk or brocade softer than the palm of the Prophet {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq pp.455-456}. Al-Bara' said: he was the most handsome of people in face and the finest of them in character {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.455}." }, { "heading": "The perfection of the soul and the nobility of character", "markdown": "He spoke in \"comprehensive words\", concise and to the point, with neither excess nor shortfall {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.459}. A'isha said: he was never offered a choice between two matters without choosing the easier, so long as it was not a sin; and he never took revenge for himself unless the sanctity of God was violated {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.457}. He was the most generous of people, most generous in Ramadan when Jibril met him, more generous with good than the driving wind, and he was never asked for anything and said no {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.457}. He was the bravest of people. Ali said: when battle grew fierce and eyes reddened, we sheltered behind the Prophet, and none was nearer the enemy than he {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.458}. He was extremely modest; Abu Sa'id al-Khudri said he was more modest than a virgin in her chamber, and when he disliked something it was visible in his face {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.458}. His people called him al-Amin for the good qualities gathered in him {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.62}. A'isha said he would mend his own sandal, sew his own garment and work with his hands in his house {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.458}. [[person/hind-ibn-abi-hala|Hind ibn Abi Hala]] described him as constantly troubled in thought, always reflective, long in silence, and not speaking except when needed {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.459}. Al-Mubarakpuri concluded that these qualities are only brief marks of his perfection, and that the reality of what he was cannot be grasped {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.460}." }, { "heading": "For young visitors", "markdown": "People described the Prophet as beautiful in appearance and good in character: forbearing, generous, brave, humble and trustworthy. He did not take revenge for himself, and he never said \"no\" to someone who asked." }, { "heading": "Noble lineage", "markdown": "The lineage is divided into three parts. The first, on which the biographers and genealogists agree, runs from the Prophet up to Adnan: Muhammad ibn [[person/abdullah-ibn-abd-al-muttalib|Abdullah]] ibn [[person/abd-al-muttalib|Abd al-Muttalib]] ibn [[person/hashim-ibn-abd-manaf|Hashim]] ibn [[person/abd-manaf-ibn-qusayy|Abd Manaf]] ibn [[person/qusayy-ibn-kilab|Qusayy]] ibn Kilab ibn Murra ibn Ka'b ibn Lu'ayy ibn Ghalib ibn [[person/fihr-ibn-malik|Fihr]] ibn Malik ibn al-Nadr ibn Kinana ibn Khuzayma ibn Mudrika ibn Ilyas ibn Mudar ibn Nizar ibn Ma'add ibn Adnan. The second part, from Adnan up to Ibrahim, is disputed. The third, from Ibrahim up to Adam, relies on reports from the People of the Book, and contains what is not to be doubted as false {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.49}. The details are in [[concept/nasab-al-nabi|the Prophet's lineage and its three parts]], and his family is in [[group/banu-hashim|Banu Hashim]]. It is related that the Prophet said: \"I am the son of the two sacrificed ones,\" meaning Isma'il and his father Abdullah {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.54}." }, { "heading": "Birth and early upbringing", "markdown": "He was born in the valley of Banu Hashim in Mecca, on the morning of Monday, 9 Rabi' al-Awwal, in the first year of the event of the Elephant. The author equates this with 20 or 22 April 571 CE ([[event/year-of-the-elephant-and-birth|the birth]]) {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.54}. His grandfather Abd al-Muttalib named him Muhammad and had him circumcised on his seventh day {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.55}. His first wet nurse was [[person/thuwayba|Thuwayba]], and then [[person/halima-al-sadiyya|Halima bint Abi Dhuayb]] nursed him among [[group/banu-sad-ibn-bakr|Banu Sa'd ibn Bakr]]. He had foster-brothers there, and his cousin [[person/abu-sufyan-ibn-al-harith|Abu Sufyan ibn al-Harith]] and his uncle [[person/hamza|Hamza]] were also nursed there {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.55}. In his fourth year, according to the verifiers, the [[event/shaqq-al-sadr|incident of the opening of his chest]] took place, and Halima returned him to his mother {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.57}. When he reached six, his mother died at al-Abwa', between Mecca and Medina ([[event/death-of-amina|the death of Amina]]), and his grandfather took him back to Mecca {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.57}. His grandfather died when he was eight years, two months and ten days old, and his uncle [[person/abu-talib|Abu Talib]] took him in ([[event/death-of-abd-al-muttalib|the death of Abd al-Muttalib]]) {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq pp.57-58}." }, { "heading": "Youth before prophethood", "markdown": "At twelve, his uncle Abu Talib took him on a trading journey to Syria. At Busra he met the monk [[person/bahira|Bahira]], who recognized him by the seal of prophethood between his shoulders and feared for him from the Romans and the Jews, so his uncle sent him back to Mecca with some of his servants ([[event/bahira-encounter|the meeting with Bahira]]) {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.58}. In his twentieth year the [[event/harb-al-fijar|War of the Fijar]] took place, and he gathered arrows for his uncles {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.59}. After it he attended the [[event/hilf-al-fudul|Pact of al-Fudul]] in the house of Abdullah ibn Jud'an, and he said after the mission began that if he were called to it in Islam he would answer {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.59}. He had no particular occupation in his early youth, though the accounts agree that he tended sheep, in Banu Sa'd and in Mecca for its people for small wages, and it seems he moved to trade as he grew up {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.59}. At twenty-five he went out as a trader to Syria with the goods of [[person/khadija|Khadija]] ([[event/trade-journey-to-syria-for-khadija|the Syria journey]]), and he married her two months after his return ([[event/marriage-to-khadija|the marriage]]). All his children were from her except Ibrahim {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq pp.60-61}. When he was thirty-five, the Quraysh rebuilt the Ka'ba, and they made him the arbiter in placing the Black Stone ([[event/rebuilding-of-the-kaaba|the rebuilding of the Ka'ba]]) {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq pp.60-61}." }, { "heading": "His character before prophethood in general", "markdown": "He did not drink wine, did not eat what was sacrificed on the idol stones, did not attend the festivals or celebrations of the idols, and could not bear to hear oaths sworn by al-Lat and al-Uzza {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.62}. The author also relates a report that twice he meant to spend a night as young men of Mecca did, and on hearing the sound of a wedding he sat down to listen and God made him fall asleep {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.62}. Among his people he was distinguished by manliness, good character, faithfulness and trust, and his people named him [[concept/al-amin|al-Amin]] {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.62}. As Khadija said of him, he bore the burdens of others, earned for the destitute, hosted guests and helped in the calamities of truth {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.65}." }, { "heading": "Under the shade of prophethood: the beginning of revelation", "markdown": "He used to withdraw to the cave of [[place/ghar-hira|Hira]] in the month of Ramadan each year, from three years before prophethood {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq pp.64-66}. When he completed forty years, true dreams came to him for six months, and then the revelation came. The author judges that this was the night of Monday, 21 Ramadan, corresponding to 10 August 610 CE ([[event/first-revelation|the beginning of revelation]]) {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.64}. He returned to [[person/khadija|Khadija]], who reassured him, and she took him to [[person/waraqa-ibn-nawfal|Waraqa ibn Nawfal]] {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.65}. In the author's view the revelation then paused for ten days {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.66}, and then the first verses of Surat al-Muddaththir came down, with the command to stand up and warn ([[event/second-revelation-al-muddaththir|the descent of al-Muddaththir]]) {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.67}. The author states that the prophetic period was twenty-three years {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.64}." }, { "heading": "The secret call", "markdown": "The author divides the Meccan period into stages. The first was three years of secret call, followed by the open proclamation of the call to the people of Mecca ([[concept/marahil-al-dawa|the stages of the call]]) {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.63}. He and his companions prayed in the mountain passes, concealed from their people ([[concept/al-salat-qabl-al-isra|the prayer before the Night Journey]]) {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.71}. Then he was commanded to call openly, and he proclaimed the call in the gatherings and assemblies of the idolaters {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.75}." }, { "heading": "For Sprouts", "markdown": "The Prophet of Islam. Muslims believe the Qur'an was revealed to him, and he founded the first Muslim community in Medina." }, { "heading": "For Explorers", "markdown": "Muhammad, the Prophet of Islam, was born in Mecca around the year 570. Muslims believe the Qur'an was revealed to him. He lived in Mecca, then moved to Medina, where the first Muslim community took shape. He died in the eleventh year of the Hijra, aged sixty-three. People in Mecca knew him as truthful and trustworthy before revelation began." }, { "heading": "For Scholars", "markdown": "Muhammad ibn Abdullah was born in Mecca around 570 CE and died in 632 CE. Muslims believe he is the Prophet to whom the Qur'an was revealed. The people of Mecca knew him for honesty and trust before his mission, and he traded and worked among his people. Revelation came when he was forty, and he called his people to the oneness of God. He then migrated to Medina, where he founded the first Muslim community. His life is told in the sira and the hadith, and the museum gives each report with its source and its degree of reliability." }, { "heading": "From Sheikh Omar Abdelkafy's Tafsir lectures (episode 9)", "markdown": "The Sheikh relates that the Prophet told his Companions he sees them from behind his back as he sees them in front, and the Sheikh holds this is not far from his standing: if ordinary people, with their sins, see beautiful visions in dreams, how much more the Prophet {cite:assabile-omar-abdelkafy tafsir-al-quran-al-qareem/ep09 00:31:00}.\n\nHe relates that after the age of sixty the Prophet did not rise from the second prostration to the next rak'a in one movement but sat briefly to rest, and that Aisha asked him to rest a little for fear his feet would swell from so much standing (needs_source) {cite:assabile-omar-abdelkafy tafsir-al-quran-al-qareem/ep09 00:44:00}.\n\nThe Sheikh points out that the Prophet, though protected from sin and forgiven, answered Aisha when she asked him to sleep a little, and then he gives his answer {cite:assabile-omar-abdelkafy tafsir-al-quran-al-qareem/ep09 00:44:30}.\n\nHe says the Prophet told her how could he rest when the angel of the horn has put the horn to his mouth, bent his forehead, lent his ear and fixed his gaze on the sky waiting for the command to blow, and the Sheikh describes this as fear that his Lord might order him to blow {cite:assabile-omar-abdelkafy tafsir-al-quran-al-qareem/ep09 00:45:00}.\n\nThe Sheikh uses this to explain another saying, the Prophet's words that if they knew what he knows they would laugh little and weep much and would not take pleasure in women on their beds, and he says the Prophet lived these realities, which is why the Companions and the mothers of the believers watched his movements {cite:assabile-omar-abdelkafy tafsir-al-quran-al-qareem/ep09 00:45:30}.\n\nHe tells of Umm Salama seeing the Prophet pray alone at night and wondering at his state: he stepped forward in his prayer and stretched out his hand, then drew back and stepped backward, then finished his prayer and gave the salam, and she asked him about the strange thing she had seen that night {cite:assabile-omar-abdelkafy tafsir-al-quran-al-qareem/ep09 00:46:00}.\n\nHe told her, as the Sheikh relates, that while he was praying a door of Paradise was opened and a bunch of grapes from one of its trees appeared, so he reached out his hand to pick it for her {cite:assabile-omar-abdelkafy tafsir-al-quran-al-qareem/ep09 00:46:30}.\n\nHe was told that he was still in the world and that a worldly stomach is not fit for those grapes, so he drew his hand back; then a door of Hell was opened, he feared it and stepped backward, and he finished his prayer asking forgiveness {cite:assabile-omar-abdelkafy tafsir-al-quran-al-qareem/ep09 00:47:00}.\n\nThe Sheikh then says the Prophet asked Bilal what he did, because he had heard the sound of his steps in Paradise, and that he saw a woman walking ahead of him who, when asked who she was, told him she was a woman whose husband had left her orphans and she had stayed with them {cite:assabile-omar-abdelkafy tafsir-al-quran-al-qareem/ep09 00:47:30}.\n\nThe woman says she raised them, the Sheikh notes that she will enter Paradise, and he then recalls a man's saying that he finds the scent of Paradise, and asks whether someone who smells that scent stops or goes toward it {cite:assabile-omar-abdelkafy tafsir-al-quran-al-qareem/ep09 00:48:00}.\n\nHe relates that the Prophet would pass by night among his nine wives, leaving one and going to the other eight, waking them and saying that many women who are comfortable in this world will be in hardship in the next, and reminding them of the terrors of the Day of Resurrection and of death (needs_source) {cite:assabile-omar-abdelkafy tafsir-al-quran-al-qareem/ep09 00:50:30}.\n\nThe Sheikh asks whether a mother of the believers would sleep when she heard the Prophet say this every day, and then says he would come to the last house and wake Fatima and Ali for prayer, and that Ali used to take a short nap after the night prayer {cite:assabile-omar-abdelkafy tafsir-al-quran-al-qareem/ep09 00:51:00}." }, { "heading": "From Sheikh Omar Abdelkafy's Tafsir lectures (episode 10)", "markdown": "The Sheikh says that a group of people enters Paradise by God's mercy and not by their deeds, and that the Prophet's Companions asked him «not even you, Messenger of God?» and he said «not even I, unless God wraps me in His mercy»; he then asks who is speaking, and answers that it is the one God promised forgiveness and the praised station, and who is the first intercessor allowed to speak before God {cite:assabile-omar-abdelkafy tafsir-al-quran-al-qareem/ep10 00:04:00}.\n\nHe cites the hadith of intercession: the people at the gathering go from prophet to prophet, from Adam to Isa, each saying «it is not for me», and then the Prophet says «it is for me»; the Sheikh says the Prophet nevertheless used to say that he does not enter Paradise by his deeds {cite:assabile-omar-abdelkafy tafsir-al-quran-al-qareem/ep10 00:04:30}.\n\nHe describes how the Prophet spent his night and day seeking God's good pleasure, so that his speech was remembrance, his looking was reflection and his silence was thought on the oneness of his Lord, and all his senses were occupied with his Lord {cite:assabile-omar-abdelkafy tafsir-al-quran-al-qareem/ep10 00:05:00}.\n\nHe says the truths were laid before the Prophet, and that it is a mercy of God to people that He veiled this from them so that their lives could be pleasant, since life is not pleasant amid disquiet, and he tells the believer that the fine prayer rug he is sitting on glorifies God {cite:assabile-omar-abdelkafy tafsir-al-quran-al-qareem/ep10 00:17:00}.\n\nHe mentions that the Prophet's soul was transparent and expressed light, so pebbles glorified God in his hand, that at the conquest of Makkah he said there was a stone there that used to greet him whenever he passed, and that the palm trunk yearned for him as a nursing infant yearns {cite:assabile-omar-abdelkafy tafsir-al-quran-al-qareem/ep10 00:17:30}.\n\nHe says the Companions heard all this, not the Prophet alone, because their souls were luminous and the darkness of bodily matter did not veil them {cite:assabile-omar-abdelkafy tafsir-al-quran-al-qareem/ep10 00:18:00}.\n\nHe relates that a bedouin in the desert asked the Prophet who he was, and he said he was Muhammad ibn Abdullah, the Messenger of God; the bedouin asked who testifies to it, and the Prophet said this tree testifies {cite:assabile-omar-abdelkafy tafsir-al-quran-al-qareem/ep10 00:19:00}.\n\nHe continues that the Prophet called the tree to come by God's leave, and it came moving along the ground; he asked it who he was, and it said: you are Muhammad, the Messenger of God {cite:assabile-omar-abdelkafy tafsir-al-quran-al-qareem/ep10 00:19:30}.\n\nThe Sheikh holds that what God taught His prophet, abundant as it is, is like a sip from the sea compared with God's knowledge; whoever takes a bucket or a hundred thousand buckets from the sea leaves it undiminished {cite:assabile-omar-abdelkafy tafsir-al-quran-al-qareem/ep10 00:29:30}.\n\nThe Sheikh urges learning from the Prophet's tenderness, says a kind word opens hearts, and asks whether any of us can run his household this way {cite:assabile-omar-abdelkafy tafsir-al-quran-al-qareem/ep10 00:48:30}.\n\nHe says researchers discovered some years ago that hitting a child on the face kills 300 brain cells and stroking his hair grows 300, then ties this to what is reported about the merit of stroking an orphan's head, a reward for every hair, and says only his Lord knew the Prophet's true worth (needs_source) {cite:assabile-omar-abdelkafy tafsir-al-quran-al-qareem/ep10 00:49:00}.\n\nThe Sheikh criticises Muslims for being sentimental in their love of the Prophet, and asks whether any of them follows him as spouse, neighbour, teacher or learner, and whether Muslims have his character in forbearance, loyalty, taking and giving; he says the Companions knew his worth (a sharp criticism by the Sheikh) {cite:assabile-omar-abdelkafy tafsir-al-quran-al-qareem/ep10 00:49:30}.\n\nHe then recites verses describing the Prophet's character: the best teacher, merciful, faithful to his covenants (a poetic citation) {cite:assabile-omar-abdelkafy tafsir-al-quran-al-qareem/ep10 00:50:00}.\n\nHe recites further verses describing the Prophet as the dawn of the world, through whom God made the spring of eloquence burst forth, and says the Messenger of God is the morning of the whole world (a poetic citation) {cite:assabile-omar-abdelkafy tafsir-al-quran-al-qareem/ep10 00:50:30}.\n\n:::perspectives\n- **Sunni view (not yet sourced)**: The Sunni position on Muslims following the Prophet's character and Sunna has not yet been sourced.\n- **The speaker's view (rant)**: The Sheikh criticises Muslims for being sentimental in their love of the Prophet, and asks whether they follow him in their homes, neighbourhoods, teaching and learning {cite:assabile-omar-abdelkafy tafsir-al-quran-al-qareem/ep10 00:49:30}.\n- **Academic and other views (not yet sourced)**: Academic and other views have not yet been sourced.\n:::" } ], "frontmatter": { "id": "person/muhammad", "lang": "en", "source_lang": "ar", "translators": [ "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation" ] }, "updated": "2026-10-25" }, "ur": { "sections": [ { "heading": "خلاصہ", "markdown": "اسلام کے نبی محمد بن عبد اللہ بن عبد المطلب (تقریباً 570–632ء)۔ یہ اندراج ان کے شمائل کے پہلو سے ان کا ذکر کرتا ہے، جیسا کہ مباركپوری نے «الرحیق المختوم» میں بیان کیا {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.454}۔" }, { "heading": "صورت کا حسن", "markdown": "[[person/umm-mabad|ام معبد الخزاعیہ]] نے ہجرت کے سفر میں ان کے خیمے سے گزرنے پر اپنے شوہر سے نبی کا ذکر کیا اور کہا کہ وہ چمکدار چہرے، کشادہ پیشانی اور اچھے اخلاق والے تھے، ان کی آنکھوں میں گہرا سیاہ پن تھا اور گردن میں ایک چمک تھی {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.454}۔\n\nعلی بن ابی طالب نے ان کا حلیہ یوں بیان کیا: نہ بہت لمبے تھے نہ بہت چھوٹے، لوگوں میں میانہ قد تھے، رنگ سرخی مائل سفید، آنکھیں گہری سیاہ اور پلکیں لمبی، جوڑ اور کندھے بھاری۔ ان کے دونوں شانوں کے درمیان مہرِ نبوت تھی، کیونکہ وہ خاتم النبیین تھے۔ وہ سب سے زیادہ سخی ہاتھ والے، سب سے زیادہ بہادر دل والے، سب سے سچی زبان والے اور سب سے زیادہ وفادار تھے {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.454}۔ انس بن مالک نے کہا کہ ان کا رنگ گلنار تھا، نہ سفید خالص اور نہ گندمی، اور انہوں نے نبی کی ہتھیلی سے نرم کوئی ریشم یا دیبا نہیں چھوا {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq pp.455-456}۔ براء نے کہا کہ وہ لوگوں میں سب سے خوبصورت چہرے اور سب سے اچھے اخلاق والے تھے {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.455}۔" }, { "heading": "نفس کا کمال اور مکارمِ اخلاق", "markdown": "وہ «جوامع الکلم» کے ساتھ گفتگو کرتے، مختصر اور جامع، نہ اس میں زیادتی ہوتی نہ کمی {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.459}۔ عائشہ نے کہا کہ جب بھی انہیں دو باتوں میں اختیار دیا گیا تو انہوں نے آسان کو چنا، جب تک اس میں گناہ نہ ہو، اور انہوں نے اپنی ذات کے لیے کبھی انتقام نہیں لیا، سوائے اس کے کہ اللہ کی حرمت پامال ہو {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.457}۔ وہ سب سے زیادہ سخی تھے، رمضان میں ان کی سخاوت سب سے بڑھ جاتی جب جبریل ان سے ملتے، وہ بھلائی میں چلنے والی تیز ہوا سے بھی زیادہ سخی تھے، اور ان سے کبھی کسی سوال پر انکار نہیں کیا گیا {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.457}۔ وہ سب سے بہادر تھے؛ علی نے کہا کہ جب جنگ گرم ہوتی اور آنکھیں سرخ ہو جاتیں تو ہم رسول اللہ کی آڑ لیتے، اور دشمن سے ان سے زیادہ قریب کوئی نہ ہوتا {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.458}۔ وہ سب سے زیادہ حیادار تھے؛ ابو سعید خدری نے کہا کہ وہ پردہ نشین کنواری سے بھی زیادہ حیادار تھے، اور جب کوئی بات ناپسند ہوتی تو وہ ان کے چہرے پر پہچانی جاتی {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.458}۔ ان کی قوم انہیں امین کہتی تھی، کیونکہ ان میں نیک خصلتیں جمع تھیں {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.62}۔ عائشہ نے کہا کہ وہ اپنا جوتا خود گانٹھتے، اپنا کپڑا خود سیتے اور گھر میں اپنے ہاتھ سے کام کرتے {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.458}۔ [[person/hind-ibn-abi-hala|ہند بن ابی ہالہ]] نے ان کا حال یوں بیان کیا کہ وہ مسلسل غمگین اور فکر مند رہتے، طویل خاموشی اختیار کرتے اور ضرورت کے بغیر بات نہ کرتے {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.459}۔ مباركپوری نے نتیجہ نکالا کہ یہ خصلتیں ان کے کمال کے چند مختصر نقوش ہیں، اور ان کی حقیقت کا ادراک نہیں ہو سکتا {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.460}۔" }, { "heading": "بچوں کے لیے مختصر", "markdown": "لوگوں نے نبی کو خوبصورت منظر والا اور اچھے اخلاق کا حامل بیان کیا: بردبار، سخی، بہادر، متواضع اور امین۔ وہ اپنی ذات کے لیے انتقام نہیں لیتے تھے اور کسی سوال کرنے والے کو «نہیں» نہیں کہتے تھے۔" }, { "heading": "نسبِ شریف", "markdown": "مؤلف نبی کے نسب کو تین حصوں میں تقسیم کرتے ہیں: پہلا حصہ جس پر اہلِ سیر اور نسب دان متفق ہیں، اور وہ نبی سے عدنان تک ہے: محمد بن [[person/abdullah-ibn-abd-al-muttalib|عبد اللہ]] بن [[person/abd-al-muttalib|عبد المطلب]] بن [[person/hashim-ibn-abd-manaf|ہاشم]] بن [[person/abd-manaf-ibn-qusayy|عبد مناف]] بن [[person/qusayy-ibn-kilab|قصی]] بن کلاب بن مرہ بن کعب بن لؤی بن غالب بن [[person/fihr-ibn-malik|فہر]] بن مالک بن النضر بن کنانہ بن خزیمہ بن مدرکہ بن الیاس بن مضر بن نزار بن معد بن عدنان۔ عدنان سے ابراہیم تک کا حصہ اختلاف زدہ ہے، اور ابراہیم سے آدم تک کا حصہ اہلِ کتاب کے نقل پر مبنی ہے، جس میں وہ بات ہے جس کے باطل ہونے میں کوئی شک نہیں {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.49}۔ اس کی تفصیل [[concept/nasab-al-nabi|نبی کا نسب اور اس کے تین حصے]] میں ہے، اور ان کا خاندان [[group/banu-hashim|بنو ہاشم]] ہے۔ نبی سے روایت ہے کہ انہوں نے فرمایا: میں دو ذبیحوں کا بیٹا ہوں، یعنی اسماعیل اور ان کے والد عبد اللہ {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.54}۔" }, { "heading": "ولادت اور ابتدائی پرورش", "markdown": "وہ مکہ میں بنو ہاشم کی گھاٹی میں ربیع الاول کی نو تاریخ، پیر کی صبح، ہاتھی والے سال کے پہلے سال پیدا ہوئے، جو مؤلف کے نزدیک 20 یا 22 اپریل 571ء کے موافق ہے ([[event/year-of-the-elephant-and-birth|ولادت]]) {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.54}۔ ان کے دادا عبد المطلب نے ان کا نام محمد رکھا اور ساتویں دن ان کا ختنہ کیا گیا {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.55}۔ پہلی دایہ [[person/thuwayba|ثویبہ]] تھیں، پھر [[person/halima-al-sadiyya|حلیمہ بنت ابی ذؤیب]] نے [[group/banu-sad-ibn-bakr|بنو سعد بن بکر]] میں انہیں دودھ پلایا، اور وہاں ان کے رضاعی بھائی تھے، اور ان کے چچازاد [[person/abu-sufyan-ibn-al-harith|ابو سفیان بن الحارث]] اور چچا [[person/hamza|حمزہ]] بھی وہیں دودھ پیتے تھے {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.55}۔ چوتھے سال، محققین کے قول کے مطابق، [[event/shaqq-al-sadr|سینہ چاک کرنے کا واقعہ]] پیش آیا، تو حلیمہ نے انہیں ان کی والدہ کے پاس واپس پہنچا دیا {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.57}۔ جب وہ چھ سال کے ہوئے تو مکہ اور مدینہ کے درمیان ابواء کے مقام پر ان کی والدہ کا انتقال ہو گیا ([[event/death-of-amina|آمنہ کی وفات]])، تو ان کے دادا انہیں واپس مکہ لے آئے {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.57}۔ دادا کی وفات اس وقت ہوئی جب ان کی عمر آٹھ سال، دو ماہ اور دس دن تھی، تو ان کے چچا [[person/abu-talib|ابو طالب]] نے ان کی کفالت کی ([[event/death-of-abd-al-muttalib|عبد المطلب کی وفات]]) {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq pp.57-58}۔" }, { "heading": "نبوت سے پہلے کی جوانی", "markdown": "بارہ سال کی عمر میں ان کے چچا ابو طالب انہیں تجارت کے لیے شام لے گئے، بصریٰ پہنچ کر راہب [[person/bahira|بحیرا]] سے ملاقات ہوئی، جس نے ان کے کندھوں کے درمیان مہرِ نبوت سے انہیں پہچان لیا، اور ان کے بارے میں رومیوں اور یہودیوں سے خطرہ محسوس کیا، تو ان کے چچا نے انہیں اپنے کچھ غلاموں کے ساتھ مکہ واپس بھیج دیا ([[event/bahira-encounter|بحیرا سے ملاقات]]) {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.58}۔ بیس سال کی عمر میں [[event/harb-al-fijar|حرب الفجار]] ہوئی، جس میں وہ اپنے چچاؤں کے لیے تیر تیار کرتے رہے {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.59}۔ اس کے بعد وہ [[event/hilf-al-fudul|حلف الفضول]] میں عبد اللہ بن جدعان کے گھر شریک ہوئے، اور نبوت کے بعد کہا کہ اگر اسلام میں بھی کوئی اس کے لیے بلائے تو وہ لبیک کہیں گے {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.59}۔ جوانی کے آغاز میں ان کا کوئی متعین پیشہ نہیں تھا، مگر روایات مسلسل بیان کرتی ہیں کہ انہوں نے بنو سعد میں اور مکہ میں اہلِ مکہ کی بکریاں قیراط کے عوض چرائیں، اور لگتا ہے کہ بڑے ہو کر وہ تجارت کی طرف متوجہ ہو گئے {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.59}۔ پچیس سال کی عمر میں وہ [[person/khadija|خدیجہ]] کے مال سے شام کی تجارت پر گئے ([[event/trade-journey-to-syria-for-khadija|شام کا سفر]])، اور واپسی کے دو ماہ بعد ان سے نکاح کیا ([[event/marriage-to-khadija|نکاح]])، اور ابراہیم کے سوا ان کی ساری اولاد انہی سے ہوئی {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq pp.60-61}۔ پینتیس سال کی عمر میں قریش نے کعبہ کی تعمیر کی، تو حجرِ اسود رکھنے کے معاملے میں انہیں حکم بنایا گیا ([[event/rebuilding-of-the-kaaba|کعبہ کی دوبارہ تعمیر]]) {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq pp.60-61}۔" }, { "heading": "نبوت سے پہلے کی مجموعی تصویر", "markdown": "وہ شراب نہیں پیتے تھے، نہ ان جانوروں کا گوشت کھاتے تھے جو بتوں کے تھانوں پر ذبح ہوتے، نہ بتوں کی عید یا تقریب میں شریک ہوتے، اور لات و عزی کی قسم سننا برداشت نہ کرتے {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.62}۔ مؤلف ایک روایت بھی ذکر کرتے ہیں کہ انہوں نے ایک بار ارادہ کیا کہ مکہ میں نوجوانوں کی طرح رات گزاریں، تو ایک شادی میں ساز کی آواز سنی اور بیٹھ کر سننے لگے، پھر اللہ نے ان پر نیند طاری کر دی {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.62}۔ وہ اپنی قوم میں مروت، اچھے اخلاق، وفا اور امانت میں ممتاز تھے، یہاں تک کہ ان کی قوم نے انہیں [[concept/al-amin|امین]] کا لقب دیا {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.62}۔ خدیجہ نے ان کے بارے میں کہا تھا کہ وہ بوجھ اٹھاتے، جو کچھ نہیں کماتے ان کے لیے کماتے، مہمان کی مہمان نوازی کرتے اور حق کے کاموں میں مدد کرتے {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.65}۔" }, { "heading": "سایۂ نبوت میں: وحی کا آغاز", "markdown": "وہ نبوت سے تین سال پہلے سے ہر سال رمضان میں [[place/ghar-hira|غارِ حرا]] میں خلوت اختیار کرتے تھے {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq pp.64-66}۔ جب ان کی عمر چالیس سال ہوئی تو چھ ماہ تک سچے خواب آئے، پھر وحی آئی، اور مؤلف کے نزدیک یہ 21 رمضان، پیر کی رات، 10 اگست 610ء کو ہوئی ([[event/first-revelation|وحی کا آغاز]]) {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.64}۔ وہ [[person/khadija|خدیجہ]] کے پاس واپس آئے تو انہوں نے انہیں تسلی دی، اور انہیں [[person/waraqa-ibn-nawfal|ورقہ بن نوفل]] کے پاس لے گئیں {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.65}۔ مؤلف کے نزدیک وحی دس دن تک رکی رہی {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.66}، پھر سورۂ مدثر کی ابتدائی آیات اتریں، جن میں کھڑے ہونے اور ڈرانے کا حکم تھا ([[event/second-revelation-al-muddaththir|مدثر کا نزول]]) {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.67}۔ مؤلف بیان کرتے ہیں کہ نبوت کی مدت تیئس سال تھی {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.64}۔" }, { "heading": "خفیہ دعوت", "markdown": "مؤلف مکی دور کے مراحل کو تقسیم کرتے ہیں: پہلا مرحلہ تین سال کی خفیہ دعوت، پھر اہلِ مکہ میں دعوت کا اعلان ([[concept/marahil-al-dawa|دعوت کے مراحل]]) {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.63}۔ وہ اور ان کے ساتھی گھاٹیوں میں لوگوں سے چھپ کر نماز پڑھتے تھے ([[concept/al-salat-qabl-al-isra|معراج سے پہلے کی نماز]]) {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.71}۔ پھر انہیں کھل کر دعوت دینے کا حکم ہوا، اور انہوں نے مشرکین کی مجلسوں اور محفلوں میں دعوت کا اعلان کیا {cite:mubarakpuri-raheeq p.75}۔" }, { "heading": "کونپلوں کے لیے", "markdown": "اسلام کے نبی۔ مسلمان مانتے ہیں کہ ان پر قرآن نازل ہوا، اور انہوں نے مدینہ میں پہلی مسلم برادری قائم کی۔" }, { "heading": "مہم جوؤں کے لیے", "markdown": "محمد، اسلام کے نبی، مکہ میں تقریباً سنہ 570 عیسوی میں پیدا ہوئے۔ مسلمان مانتے ہیں کہ ان پر قرآن نازل ہوا۔ وہ مکہ میں رہے، پھر مدینہ چلے گئے، جہاں پہلی مسلم برادری بنی۔ وہ ہجرت کے گیارہویں سال میں، تریسٹھ برس کی عمر میں وفات پا گئے۔ وحی شروع ہونے سے پہلے مکہ کے لوگ انہیں سچا اور امانت دار جانتے تھے۔" }, { "heading": "طالبِ علم کے لیے", "markdown": "محمد بن عبداللہ مکہ میں تقریباً 570 عیسوی میں پیدا ہوئے اور 632 عیسوی میں وفات پائی۔ مسلمان مانتے ہیں کہ وہ وہ نبی ہیں جن پر قرآن نازل ہوا۔ بعثت سے پہلے مکہ کے لوگ انہیں سچائی اور امانت کے لیے جانتے تھے، اور وہ اپنی قوم میں تجارت اور کام کرتے تھے۔ چالیس برس کی عمر میں وحی آئی، اور انہوں نے اپنی قوم کو توحید کی دعوت دی۔ پھر وہ مدینہ ہجرت کر گئے، جہاں انہوں نے پہلی مسلم برادری قائم کی۔ ان کی زندگی سیرت اور حدیث سے معلوم ہوتی ہے، اور میوزیم ہر روایت کو اس کے ماخذ اور درجۂ ثبوت کے ساتھ پیش کرتا ہے۔" }, { "heading": "شیخ عمر عبد الکافی کے تفسیری درس (قسط 9)", "markdown": "شیخ روایت کرتے ہیں کہ نبی نے اپنے صحابہ سے فرمایا کہ وہ انہیں اپنی پیٹھ کے پیچھے سے بھی ایسے دیکھتے ہیں جیسے سامنے سے دیکھتے ہیں، اور شیخ کا خیال ہے کہ یہ آپ کے مقام سے بعید نہیں: جب عام لوگ اپنے گناہوں کے باوجود خواب میں حسین مناظر دیکھ لیتے ہیں تو نبی کا کیا حال ہوگا {cite:assabile-omar-abdelkafy tafsir-al-quran-al-qareem/ep09 00:31:00}.\n\nوہ روایت کرتے ہیں کہ ساٹھ برس کے بعد نبی دوسرے سجدے سے اگلی رکعت کے لیے ایک ہی بار میں کھڑے نہیں ہوتے تھے بلکہ ذرا دیر راحت کے لیے بیٹھتے تھے، اور عائشہ نے ان سے کہا کہ ذرا آرام کر لیں کیونکہ زیادہ کھڑے رہنے سے ان کے پاؤں سوج جانے کا اندیشہ ہے (needs_source) {cite:assabile-omar-abdelkafy tafsir-al-quran-al-qareem/ep09 00:44:00}.\n\nشیخ توجہ دلاتے ہیں کہ نبی، جو گناہ سے محفوظ اور مغفور ہیں، نے عائشہ کو جواب دیا جب انہوں نے کہا کہ ذرا سو لیں، پھر وہ آپ کا جواب بیان کرتے ہیں {cite:assabile-omar-abdelkafy tafsir-al-quran-al-qareem/ep09 00:44:30}.\n\nوہ بتاتے ہیں کہ آپ نے ان سے فرمایا کہ میں کیسے آرام کروں جبکہ صور والے فرشتے نے صور منہ سے لگا رکھا ہے، پیشانی جھکا رکھی ہے، کان لگا رکھے ہیں اور نگاہ آسمان پر گاڑی ہوئی ہے کہ کب پھونکنے کا حکم ملے؛ اور شیخ اسے اس اندیشے سے تعبیر کرتے ہیں کہ کہیں رب انہیں پھونکنے کا حکم نہ دے دے {cite:assabile-omar-abdelkafy tafsir-al-quran-al-qareem/ep09 00:45:00}.\n\nشیخ اس سے ایک اور حدیث کی وضاحت کرتے ہیں، یعنی نبی کا فرمان کہ اگر تم وہ جان لو جو میں جانتا ہوں تو تم کم ہنستے اور زیادہ روتے اور بستروں پر عورتوں سے لطف نہ اٹھاتے؛ اور کہتے ہیں کہ نبی ان حقیقتوں میں جیتے تھے، اسی لیے صحابہ اور امہات المومنین ان کی حرکات پر نظر رکھتے تھے {cite:assabile-omar-abdelkafy tafsir-al-quran-al-qareem/ep09 00:45:30}.\n\nوہ ام سلمہ کے بارے میں بتاتے ہیں کہ انہوں نے نبی کو رات کو اکیلے نماز پڑھتے دیکھا تو ان کی حالت پر تعجب کیا: آپ نماز میں ایک قدم آگے بڑھے اور ہاتھ بڑھایا، پھر ہاتھ کھینچ لیا اور الٹے پاؤں پیچھے ہٹے، پھر نماز مکمل کی اور سلام پھیرا، تو انہوں نے اس عجیب بات کے بارے میں پوچھا جو انہوں نے اس رات آپ پر دیکھی تھی {cite:assabile-omar-abdelkafy tafsir-al-quran-al-qareem/ep09 00:46:00}.\n\nشیخ کی روایت کے مطابق آپ نے ان سے فرمایا کہ نماز کے دوران جنت کے دروازوں میں سے ایک دروازہ کھول دیا گیا اور اس کے ایک درخت سے انگور کا خوشہ نظر آیا، تو آپ نے ہاتھ بڑھایا کہ ان کے لیے اسے توڑ لیں {cite:assabile-omar-abdelkafy tafsir-al-quran-al-qareem/ep09 00:46:30}.\n\nآپ کو بتایا گیا کہ آپ ابھی دنیا میں ہیں اور دنیاوی معدہ ان انگوروں کے لائق نہیں، تو آپ نے ہاتھ واپس کھینچ لیا؛ پھر جہنم کے دروازوں میں سے ایک دروازہ کھول دیا گیا، آپ اس سے ڈرے اور پیچھے ہٹ گئے اور استغفار کرتے ہوئے نماز پوری کی {cite:assabile-omar-abdelkafy tafsir-al-quran-al-qareem/ep09 00:47:00}.\n\nپھر شیخ بتاتے ہیں کہ نبی نے بلال سے پوچھا کہ وہ کیا عمل کرتے ہیں کیونکہ آپ نے جنت میں ان کے قدموں کی آہٹ سنی تھی، اور آپ نے ایک عورت کو اپنے آگے چلتے دیکھا جس نے پوچھنے پر بتایا کہ وہ ایسی عورت ہے جس کے شوہر نے اس کے لیے یتیم بچے چھوڑے اور وہ ان کے ساتھ رہی {cite:assabile-omar-abdelkafy tafsir-al-quran-al-qareem/ep09 00:47:30}.\n\nوہ عورت کہتی ہے کہ اس نے انہیں پالا، شیخ بتاتے ہیں کہ وہ جنت میں داخل ہوگی، پھر ایک شخص کا یہ کہنا یاد کرتے ہیں کہ اسے جنت کی خوشبو آ رہی ہے، اور پوچھتے ہیں کہ جو یہ خوشبو سونگھ لے وہ رک جاتا ہے یا اس کی طرف چل پڑتا ہے {cite:assabile-omar-abdelkafy tafsir-al-quran-al-qareem/ep09 00:48:00}.\n\nوہ روایت کرتے ہیں کہ نبی رات کو اپنی نو ازواج کے پاس سے گزرتے، ایک کے پاس سے نکل کر باقی آٹھ کے پاس جاتے، انہیں جگاتے اور فرماتے کہ بہت سی عورتیں جو دنیا میں آسودہ ہیں آخرت میں تنگی میں ہوں گی، اور انہیں قیامت اور موت کی ہولناکیاں یاد دلاتے (needs_source) {cite:assabile-omar-abdelkafy tafsir-al-quran-al-qareem/ep09 00:50:30}.\n\nشیخ پوچھتے ہیں کہ کیا کوئی ام المومنین نبی کو روز یہ فرماتے سن کر سو سکتی تھیں، پھر بتاتے ہیں کہ آپ آخری گھر پہنچ کر فاطمہ اور علی کو نماز کے لیے جگاتے، اور علی رات کے قیام کے بعد تھوڑی دیر کے لیے سو جاتے تھے {cite:assabile-omar-abdelkafy tafsir-al-quran-al-qareem/ep09 00:51:00}." }, { "heading": "شیخ عمر عبد الکافی کے تفسیری درس (قسط 10)", "markdown": "شیخ بتاتے ہیں کہ لوگوں کا ایک گروہ اللہ کی رحمت سے جنت میں داخل ہوگا نہ کہ اپنے اعمال سے، اور نبی کے صحابہ نے آپ سے پوچھا: کیا آپ بھی نہیں یا رسول اللہ؟ تو آپ نے فرمایا: میں بھی نہیں، الا یہ کہ اللہ مجھے اپنی رحمت میں ڈھانپ لے؛ پھر شیخ پوچھتے ہیں کہ یہ کون کہہ رہا ہے، اور جواب دیتے ہیں کہ وہ جس سے اللہ نے مغفرت اور مقامِ محمود کا وعدہ کیا اور جو سب سے پہلے شفاعت کرنے والا ہے جسے اللہ کے سامنے اجازت ملے گی {cite:assabile-omar-abdelkafy tafsir-al-quran-al-qareem/ep10 00:04:00}.\n\nوہ حدیثِ شفاعت بیان کرتے ہیں: میدانِ حشر والے آدم سے عیسیٰ تک ایک نبی سے دوسرے کے پاس جاتے ہیں اور ہر ایک کہتا ہے «یہ میرا کام نہیں»، پھر نبی فرماتے ہیں «یہ میرا کام ہے»؛ شیخ کہتے ہیں کہ اس کے باوجود نبی فرماتے تھے کہ وہ اپنے عمل سے جنت میں داخل نہیں ہوتے {cite:assabile-omar-abdelkafy tafsir-al-quran-al-qareem/ep10 00:04:30}.\n\nوہ بتاتے ہیں کہ نبی اپنے رات دن اللہ کی رضا کی طلب میں گزارتے تھے، اس طرح کہ ان کا کلام ذکر تھا، ان کی نظر عبرت تھی اور ان کی خاموشی اپنے رب کی توحید میں غور و فکر تھی، اور ان کے تمام حواس ان کے رب میں مشغول تھے {cite:assabile-omar-abdelkafy tafsir-al-quran-al-qareem/ep10 00:05:00}.\n\nوہ کہتے ہیں کہ حقائق نبی پر پیش کیے گئے، اور لوگوں پر اللہ کی رحمت ہے کہ اس نے یہ ان سے چھپا دیا تاکہ ان کی زندگی خوشگوار رہے، کیونکہ بے چینی میں زندگی خوشگوار نہیں ہوتی؛ اور مومن سے کہتے ہیں کہ جس خوبصورت جائے نماز پر تم بیٹھے ہو وہ اللہ کی تسبیح کرتی ہے {cite:assabile-omar-abdelkafy tafsir-al-quran-al-qareem/ep10 00:17:00}.\n\nوہ ذکر کرتے ہیں کہ نبی کی روح شفاف تھی اور نور کا اظہار کرتی تھی، اس لیے کنکریاں ان کے ہاتھ میں تسبیح کرتی تھیں، فتحِ مکہ کے موقع پر آپ نے فرمایا کہ یہاں ایک پتھر تھا جو جب بھی میں اس کے پاس سے گزرتا مجھے سلام کرتا تھا، اور کھجور کا تنا ان کے لیے ایسے رویا جیسے دودھ پیتا بچہ روتا ہے {cite:assabile-omar-abdelkafy tafsir-al-quran-al-qareem/ep10 00:17:30}.\n\nوہ کہتے ہیں کہ یہ سب صحابہ نے بھی سنا، صرف نبی نے نہیں، کیونکہ ان کی روحیں نورانی تھیں اور جسمانی مادے کی تاریکی نے انہیں پردے میں نہیں رکھا تھا {cite:assabile-omar-abdelkafy tafsir-al-quran-al-qareem/ep10 00:18:00}.\n\nوہ روایت کرتے ہیں کہ صحرا میں ایک بدو نے نبی سے پوچھا کہ آپ کون ہیں، تو آپ نے فرمایا کہ میں محمد بن عبداللہ، اللہ کا رسول ہوں؛ بدو نے پوچھا کہ اس کی گواہی کون دیتا ہے، تو نبی نے فرمایا کہ یہ درخت گواہی دے گا {cite:assabile-omar-abdelkafy tafsir-al-quran-al-qareem/ep10 00:19:00}.\n\nوہ آگے بتاتے ہیں کہ نبی نے درخت کو اللہ کے اذن سے آنے کو کہا تو وہ زمین پر گھسٹتا ہوا آیا؛ آپ نے اس سے پوچھا کہ میں کون ہوں، تو اس نے کہا: آپ محمد، اللہ کے رسول ہیں {cite:assabile-omar-abdelkafy tafsir-al-quran-al-qareem/ep10 00:19:30}.\n\nشیخ کی رائے ہے کہ اللہ نے اپنے نبی کو جو سکھایا، وہ بہت ہونے کے باوجود اللہ کے علم کے مقابلے میں سمندر سے ایک گھونٹ کی مانند ہے؛ جو شخص سمندر سے ایک ڈول یا ایک لاکھ ڈول لے لے سمندر کم نہیں ہوتا {cite:assabile-omar-abdelkafy tafsir-al-quran-al-qareem/ep10 00:29:30}.\n\nشیخ نبی کی شفقت سے سیکھنے کی تلقین کرتے ہیں، کہتے ہیں کہ اچھی بات دلوں کو کھول دیتی ہے، اور پوچھتے ہیں کہ کیا ہم میں سے کوئی اپنے گھر کا انتظام اس طرح چلا سکتا ہے {cite:assabile-omar-abdelkafy tafsir-al-quran-al-qareem/ep10 00:48:30}.\n\nوہ کہتے ہیں کہ محققین نے کچھ سال پہلے دریافت کیا کہ بچے کے چہرے پر مارنے سے اس کے دماغ کے 300 اعصابی خلیے مر جاتے ہیں اور اس کے بالوں پر ہاتھ پھیرنے سے 300 اعصابی خلیے اگتے ہیں؛ پھر اسے یتیم کے سر پر ہاتھ پھیرنے کی فضیلت میں مروی بات سے جوڑتے ہیں کہ ہر بال کے بدلے اجر ہے، اور کہتے ہیں کہ نبی کی اصل قدر ان کے رب کے سوا کسی نے نہیں جانی (needs_source) {cite:assabile-omar-abdelkafy tafsir-al-quran-al-qareem/ep10 00:49:00}.\n\nشیخ مسلمانوں پر تنقید کرتے ہیں کہ وہ نبی سے اپنی محبت میں جذباتی ہیں، اور پوچھتے ہیں کہ کیا ان میں سے کوئی شوہر، پڑوسی، استاد یا شاگرد کے طور پر ان کی پیروی کرتا ہے، اور کیا مسلمانوں میں ان کے جیسا اخلاق ہے بردباری، وفا اور لینے دینے میں؛ وہ کہتے ہیں کہ صحابہ نے ان کی قدر پہچانی (شیخ کی سخت تنقید) {cite:assabile-omar-abdelkafy tafsir-al-quran-al-qareem/ep10 00:49:30}.\n\nپھر وہ نبی کے اخلاق کی تعریف میں اشعار سناتے ہیں، جن میں انہیں بہترین معلم، رحیم اور اپنے عہد کے وفادار بتایا گیا ہے (شعری اقتباس) {cite:assabile-omar-abdelkafy tafsir-al-quran-al-qareem/ep10 00:50:00}.\n\nوہ مزید اشعار سناتے ہیں جن میں نبی کو دنیا کی صبح اور طلوع بتایا گیا ہے جن کے ذریعے اللہ نے فصاحت کا چشمہ جاری کیا، اور کہتے ہیں کہ رسول اللہ پورے عالم کی صبح ہیں (شعری اقتباس) {cite:assabile-omar-abdelkafy tafsir-al-quran-al-qareem/ep10 00:50:30}.\n\n:::perspectives\n- **أهل السنة: اہلِ سنت کا موقف (ابھی ماخذ شامل نہیں)**: مسلمانوں کے نبی کے اخلاق اور سنت کی پیروی کے بارے میں اہلِ سنت کا موقف ابھی ماخذ کے ساتھ شامل نہیں کیا گیا۔\n- **شیخ عمر عبد الکافی کی رائے (ذاتی رائے)**: شیخ مسلمانوں پر تنقید کرتے ہیں کہ وہ نبی سے اپنی محبت میں جذباتی ہیں، اور پوچھتے ہیں کہ کیا وہ اپنے گھروں، پڑوس، تدریس اور تعلیم میں ان کی پیروی کرتے ہیں {cite:assabile-omar-abdelkafy tafsir-al-quran-al-qareem/ep10 00:49:30}.\n- **علمی اور دیگر آراء (ابھی ماخذ شامل نہیں)**: علمی اور دیگر آراء ابھی ماخذ کے ساتھ شامل نہیں کی گئیں۔\n:::" } ], "frontmatter": { "id": "person/muhammad", "lang": "ur", "source_lang": "ar", "translators": [ "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation" ] }, "updated": "2026-10-25" } }, "degree": 1952, "contemporaries": [ "person/abbas-ibn-abd-al-muttalib", "person/abdullah-ibn-salam", "person/abu-sufyan-ibn-harb", "person/halima-al-sadiyya", "person/salman-al-farisi", "person/suhayl-ibn-amr", "person/umm-ayman", "person/abu-bakr", "person/amr-ibn-al-as", "person/khosrow-ii", "person/heraclius", "person/hind-bint-utba" ], "updated": "2026-10-25", "connections": [ { "to": "person/abdullah-ibn-masud", "type": "received_conversion_of", "inverse": true, "start": { "edtf": "0613~" }, "sources": [ "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley" ] }, { "to": "person/abdullah-ibn-muhammad", "type": "parent_of", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq" ] }, { "to": "person/abdullah-ibn-salam", "type": "received_conversion_of", "inverse": true, "start": { "edtf": "0622" }, "sources": [ "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley" ] }, { "to": "person/abdullah-ibn-ubayy", "type": "opposed_by", "inverse": true, "start": { "edtf": "0623" }, "end": { "edtf": "0631" }, "sources": [ "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume", "source/watt-1956-medina" ] }, { "to": "person/abu-dharr-al-ghifari", "type": "received_conversion_of", "inverse": true, "start": { "edtf": "0614~" }, "sources": [ "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley" ] }, { "to": "person/abu-hurayra", "type": "received_conversion_of", "inverse": true, "start": { "edtf": "0629~" }, "sources": [ "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley" ] }, { "to": "person/abu-sufyan-ibn-harb", "type": "opposed_by", "inverse": true, "start": { "edtf": "0624" }, "end": { "edtf": "0630" }, "sources": [ "source/watt-1956-medina" ] }, { "to": "person/abu-sufyan-ibn-harb", "type": "received_conversion_of", "inverse": true, "start": { "edtf": "0630" }, "sources": [ "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume" ] }, { "to": "person/abu-talib", "type": "protected_by", "inverse": true, "start": { "edtf": "0578~" }, "end": { "edtf": "0619~" }, "sources": [ "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume" ] }, { "to": "person/addas", "type": "received_conversion_of", "inverse": true, "start": { "edtf": "0619~" }, "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq" ] }, { "to": "person/adi-ibn-hatim", "type": "received_conversion_of", "inverse": true, "start": { "edtf": "0631~" }, "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa" ] }, { "to": "person/aisha", "type": "spouse_of", "inverse": true, "start": { "edtf": "0623~" }, "end": { "edtf": "0632" }, "note": "يذكر الكتاب خطبتها وهي بنت تسع سنين ثم الزواج بعد الهجرة حين أتمت الثالثة عشرة من عمرها (نساء حول الرسول ص62-63).", "sources": [ "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume" ] }, { "to": "person/al-jarud-al-abdi", "type": "received_conversion_of", "inverse": true, "start": { "edtf": "0631~" }, "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa" ] }, { "to": "person/al-jawniyya", "type": "spouse_of", "inverse": true, "note": "عُقد عليها ولم يبن بها؛ قيل إنها طُلقت قبل الدخول.", "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq" ] }, { "to": "person/al-nadr-ibn-al-harith", "type": "persecuted_by", "inverse": true, "start": { "edtf": "0613~" }, "end": { "edtf": "0622" }, "note": "Among those who harassed and mocked the Prophet in the Meccan years.", "sources": [ "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley" ] }, { "to": "person/al-qasim-ibn-muhammad", "type": "parent_of", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq" ] }, { "to": "person/al-saib-ibn-yazid", "type": "received_conversion_of", "inverse": true, "note": "رآه غلاماً وروى عنه الخبر", "sources": [ "source/sahih-al-bukhari" ] }, { "to": "person/al-zibriqan-ibn-badr", "type": "received_conversion_of", "inverse": true, "start": { "edtf": "0631" }, "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa", "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq" ] }, { "to": "person/amr-ibn-al-as", "type": "received_conversion_of", "inverse": true, "start": { "edtf": "0629" }, "sources": [ "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley" ] }, { "to": "person/attab-ibn-usayd", "type": "received_conversion_of", "inverse": true, "start": { "edtf": "0630" }, "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq" ] }, { "to": "person/bilal-ibn-rabah", "type": "received_conversion_of", "inverse": true, "start": { "edtf": "0612~" }, "sources": [ "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley" ] }, { "to": "person/dhimad-al-azdi", "type": "received_conversion_of", "inverse": true, "start": { "edtf": "0619~" }, "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq" ] }, { "to": "person/farwa-ibn-musayk", "type": "received_conversion_of", "inverse": true, "start": { "edtf": "0631~" }, "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa" ] }, { "to": "person/fatima", "type": "parent_of", "inverse": true }, { "to": "person/hafsa", "type": "spouse_of", "inverse": true, "start": { "edtf": "0625~" }, "end": { "edtf": "0632" }, "note": "Widowed after Badr; married the Prophet about 4 AH.", "sources": [ "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley" ] }, { "to": "person/heraclius", "type": "corresponded_with", "inverse": true, "note": "The tradition preserves the Prophet's letter summoning him to Islam.", "sources": [ "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley" ] }, { "to": "person/ibrahim-ibn-muhammad", "type": "parent_of", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq" ] }, { "to": "person/ikrima-ibn-abi-jahl", "type": "received_conversion_of", "inverse": true, "start": { "edtf": "0630" }, "sources": [ "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley" ] }, { "to": "person/juwayriya-bint-al-harith", "type": "spouse_of", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/ibn-hajar-isaba", "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq" ] }, { "to": "person/khadija", "type": "spouse_of", "inverse": true, "start": { "edtf": "0595~" }, "end": { "edtf": "0619-04~" }, "sources": [ "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume" ] }, { "to": "person/khalid-ibn-al-walid", "type": "received_conversion_of", "inverse": true, "start": { "edtf": "0629" }, "sources": [ "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley" ] }, { "to": "person/khosrow-ii", "type": "corresponded_with", "inverse": true, "note": "The tradition reports the Prophet's letter to Kisra and the shah's contemptuous reply.", "sources": [ "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley", "source/tabari-bosworth-1999" ] }, { "to": "person/malik-ibn-awf", "type": "received_conversion_of", "inverse": true, "start": { "edtf": "0630" }, "sources": [ "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley" ] }, { "to": "person/maria-al-qibtiyya", "type": "spouse_of", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/ibn-hajar-isaba" ] }, { "to": "person/maymuna-bint-al-harith", "type": "spouse_of", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/ibn-hajar-isaba" ] }, { "to": "person/amina-bint-wahb", "type": "child_of", "inverse": false }, { "to": "person/abdullah-ibn-abd-al-muttalib", "type": "child_of", "inverse": false }, { "to": "place/mecca", "type": "born_in", "inverse": false }, { "to": "place/medina", "type": "died_in", "inverse": false }, { "to": "place/medina", "type": "buried_in", "inverse": false }, { "to": "event/hijra", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "protagonist" }, { "to": "person/musab-ibn-umayr", "type": "received_conversion_of", "inverse": true, "start": { "edtf": "0613~" }, "sources": [ "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley" ] }, { "to": "person/musaylima", "type": "corresponded_with", "inverse": true, "start": { "edtf": "0630~" }, "note": "The sources preserve his letter proposing a partition of prophecy and Muhammad's reply.", "sources": [ "source/tabari-donner-1993", "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley" ] }, { "to": "person/mutim-ibn-adi", "type": "protected_by", "inverse": true, "start": { "edtf": "0619" }, "end": { "edtf": "0619" }, "sources": [ "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume" ] }, { "to": "person/negus-of-aksum", "type": "corresponded_with", "inverse": true, "note": "The tradition preserves letters exchanged between the Prophet and the Negus.", "sources": [ "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley" ] }, { "to": "person/qays-ibn-asim", "type": "received_conversion_of", "inverse": true, "start": { "edtf": "0631" }, "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa", "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq" ] }, { "to": "person/rayhana-bint-zayd", "type": "spouse_of", "inverse": true, "note": "اختلف أهل السير؛ رجّح ابن القيم أنها كانت سرية لا زوجة (زاد المعاد). يُسجَّل النزاع لا الحسم.", "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq", "source/zad-al-maad" ] }, { "to": "person/rifaa-ibn-zayd-al-judhami", "type": "received_conversion_of", "inverse": true, "start": { "edtf": "0628~" }, "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa" ] }, { "to": "person/ruqayya-bint-muhammad", "type": "parent_of", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/ibn-hajar-isaba" ] }, { "to": "person/safiyya-bint-huyayy", "type": "spouse_of", "inverse": true, "start": { "edtf": "0628~" }, "end": { "edtf": "0632" }, "sources": [ "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume" ] }, { "to": "person/salman-al-farisi", "type": "received_conversion_of", "inverse": true, "start": { "edtf": "0622~" }, "sources": [ "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley" ] }, { "to": "person/sawda-bint-zama", "type": "spouse_of", "inverse": true, "start": { "edtf": "0619~" }, "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq" ] }, { "to": "person/suhayl-ibn-amr", "type": "received_conversion_of", "inverse": true, "start": { "edtf": "0630" }, "sources": [ "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley" ] }, { "to": "person/surad-ibn-abdullah-al-azdi", "type": "received_conversion_of", "inverse": true, "start": { "edtf": "0631~" }, "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa" ] }, { "to": "person/tufayl-ibn-amr-al-dawsi", "type": "received_conversion_of", "inverse": true, "start": { "edtf": "0620~" }, "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq" ] }, { "to": "person/umar-ibn-al-khattab", "type": "received_conversion_of", "inverse": true, "start": { "edtf": "0616~" }, "sources": [ "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley" ] }, { "to": "person/umm-habiba-bint-abi-sufyan", "type": "spouse_of", "inverse": true, "start": { "edtf": "0628~" }, "end": { "edtf": "0632" }, "sources": [ "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley" ] }, { "to": "person/umm-kulthum-bint-muhammad", "type": "parent_of", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/ibn-hajar-isaba" ] }, { "to": "person/umm-salama", "type": "spouse_of", "inverse": true, "start": { "edtf": "0626~" }, "end": { "edtf": "0632" }, "sources": [ "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley" ] }, { "to": "person/uqba-ibn-abi-muayt", "type": "persecuted_by", "inverse": true, "start": { "edtf": "0613~" }, "end": { "edtf": "0622" }, "sources": [ "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume" ] }, { "to": "person/utarid-ibn-hajib", "type": "received_conversion_of", "inverse": true, "start": { "edtf": "0631" }, "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa", "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq" ] }, { "to": "person/zayd-al-khayl", "type": "received_conversion_of", "inverse": true, "start": { "edtf": "0631~" }, "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa" ] }, { "to": "person/zayd-ibn-thabit", "type": "teacher_of", "inverse": true, "note": "Scribe of the revelation; headed the committees that collected the Qur'an under Abu Bakr and standardized it under Uthman.", "sources": [ "source/ibn-sad-tabaqat-bewley" ] }, { "to": "person/zaynab-bint-jahsh", "type": "spouse_of", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/ibn-hajar-isaba" ] }, { "to": "person/zaynab-bint-khuzayma", "type": "spouse_of", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/ibn-hajar-isaba" ] }, { "to": "person/zaynab-bint-muhammad", "type": "parent_of", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/ibn-hajar-isaba" ] }, { "to": "person/zuhayr-ibn-sard", "type": "received_conversion_of", "inverse": true, "start": { "edtf": "0630" }, "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq" ] }, { "to": "group/ahl-al-bayt", "type": "member_of", "inverse": false }, { "to": "group/banu-hashim", "type": "protected_by", "inverse": true, "start": { "edtf": "0617~" }, "end": { "edtf": "0619~" }, "sources": [ "source/ibn-ishaq-guillaume" ] }, { "to": "group/khuzaa", "type": "allied_with", "inverse": true, "start": { "edtf": "0628" }, "note": "دخلت في عقده وعهده عند صلح الحديبية.", "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa" ] }, { "to": "event/abu-bakr-leads-the-prayers", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false }, { "to": "event/abu-dharr-lags-behind-on-the-march", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa" ] }, { "to": "event/abu-jahl-stone-plot", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq" ] }, { "to": "event/abu-khaythama-joins-the-army", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa" ] }, { "to": "event/abu-quhafa-conversion", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "accepted-conversion", "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa" ] }, { "to": "event/abu-ruhm-and-the-stragglers-of-ghifar-and-aslam", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa" ] }, { "to": "event/abu-sufyan-conversion", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "accepted-conversion", "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa" ] }, { "to": "event/abu-sufyan-medina-mission", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "silent-refusal", "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa" ] }, { "to": "event/address-to-the-ansar-at-jirana", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "addressed-the-ansar", "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq" ] }, { "to": "event/al-dawa-al-sirriyya", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "يجتمع بهم ويرشدهم متخفياً" }, { "to": "event/al-jadd-ibn-qays-asks-to-stay-behind", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa" ] }, { "to": "event/ali-expedition-to-al-fuls", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "dispatched-the-detachment", "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq" ] }, { "to": "event/ali-expeditions-to-yemen", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "بعث علياً وخالداً", "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa" ] }, { "to": "event/ali-judgment-three-men-one-tuhr", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "ضحك وأقر الحكم في الرواية", "sources": [ "source/sallabi-ali-vol1" ] }, { "to": "event/ali-left-with-the-prophets-family", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa" ] }, { "to": "event/ali-sent-to-banu-jadhima", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "أرسل علياً وأنكر ما صنع خالد", "sources": [ "source/sallabi-ali-vol1" ] }, { "to": "event/assassination-attempt-of-amir-and-arbad", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa" ] }, { "to": "event/badr-aftermath", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq" ] }, { "to": "event/badr-battle-day", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq" ] }, { "to": "event/badr-council", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "عقد المجلس واستشار الجيش", "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq" ] }, { "to": "event/badr-expedition-setup", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq" ] }, { "to": "event/badr-prisoners", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "قسّم الأسرى واستشار فيهم وقضى فيهم", "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq" ] }, { "to": "event/badr-qulayb", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "وقف على القليب ونادى القتلى", "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq", "source/mishkat-al-masabih" ] }, { "to": "event/bahira-encounter", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "الفتى صاحب الخاتم", "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq" ] }, { "to": "event/battle-of-badr", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "القائد الأعلى للجيش الإسلامي", "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq" ] }, { "to": "event/battle-of-hunayn", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false }, { "to": "event/battle-of-khaybar", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "قائد الغزوة", "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq", "source/sahih-al-bukhari" ] }, { "to": "event/battle-of-the-trench", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "القائد العام للمسلمين والمشارك في حفر الخندق وضرب الصخور", "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq", "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq", "source/sahih-al-bukhari" ] }, { "to": "event/battle-of-uhud", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false }, { "to": "event/bayat-al-ridwan", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "أخذ البيعة تحت الشجرة ووضع يده الأخرى بيعة لعثمان", "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq", "source/sahih-al-bukhari" ] }, { "to": "event/birth-of-hasan-ibn-ali", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "غيّر اسمه إلى حسن", "sources": [ "source/sallabi-ali-vol1" ] }, { "to": "event/boycott-of-banu-hashim", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "المستهدف بالمقاطعة وتسليمه للقتل", "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq" ] }, { "to": "event/boycott-of-the-three", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa" ] }, { "to": "event/brotherhood-of-muhajirun-and-ansar", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "العاقد للمؤاخاة والمؤلف بين القلوب", "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq" ] }, { "to": "event/burial-of-dhu-al-bijadayn", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa" ] }, { "to": "event/burial-of-the-prophet", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false }, { "to": "event/burning-of-suwaylims-house", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "sender", "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa" ] }, { "to": "event/camp-at-al-hijr", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa" ] }, { "to": "event/capture-and-islam-of-thumama-ibn-uthal", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "أمر بإحسان إساره ثم بإطلاقه وبايعه", "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa" ] }, { "to": "event/capture-and-release-of-hatims-daughter", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "أطلقها وكساها وحملها", "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa" ] }, { "to": "event/change-of-qibla", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "المصلي والمتقلب وجهه في السماء ترقباً للوحي", "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq" ] }, { "to": "event/complaint-against-ali-after-yemen", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "خطب في الناس", "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa" ] }, { "to": "event/conquest-of-mecca", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "القائد العام، دخل على ناقته القصواء متواضعاً لله وأعلن العفو العام", "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq", "source/sahih-al-bukhari" ] }, { "to": "event/constitution-of-medina", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "الكاتب للصحيفة وحكم النزاعات", "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq", "source/ibn-hisham-sira" ] }, { "to": "event/conversion-of-umayr-ibn-wahb", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "المكاشف بالسر والمتقبل لإسلامه", "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq" ] }, { "to": "event/custody-of-hamzas-daughter", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "قضى بالحضانة لخالتها", "sources": [ "source/sallabi-ali-vol1" ] }, { "to": "event/dawat-al-ashira", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false }, { "to": "event/death-of-abdullah-ibn-ubayy", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "prayed-over-him", "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq" ] }, { "to": "event/death-of-abu-talib", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq" ] }, { "to": "event/death-of-amina", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "صحبها الرحلة وهو في السادسة", "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq" ] }, { "to": "event/death-of-khadija", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq" ] }, { "to": "event/death-of-the-prophet", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false }, { "to": "event/death-of-umm-kulthum-bint-muhammad", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "father-of-the-deceased", "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq" ] }, { "to": "event/delegation-of-abd-al-qays", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa" ] }, { "to": "event/delegation-of-banu-hanifa", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa" ] }, { "to": "event/delegation-of-banu-tamim", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "المُفاخَر، أذن لخطيبهم وشاعرهم وأجازهم", "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa" ] }, { "to": "event/delegation-of-dimam-ibn-thalaba", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "المسؤول", "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa" ] }, { "to": "event/delegation-of-farwa-ibn-musayk", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "استعمله على مراد وزبيد ومذحج", "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa" ] }, { "to": "event/delegation-of-hamdan", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false }, { "to": "event/delegation-of-kinda", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa" ] }, { "to": "event/delegation-of-najran", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false }, { "to": "event/delegation-of-surad-ibn-abdullah", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "أمّره على من أسلم من قومه", "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa" ] }, { "to": "event/delegation-of-tayy", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "عرض الإسلام وسمّى زيداً زيد الخير وأقطعه", "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa" ] }, { "to": "event/delegation-of-thaqif", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false }, { "to": "event/delegation-of-zubayd", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa" ] }, { "to": "event/demolition-of-masjid-al-dirar", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa" ] }, { "to": "event/dispatch-of-sadaqa-collectors", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "dispatched-the-collectors", "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq" ] }, { "to": "event/distribution-of-hunayn-spoils", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "apportioner-of-spoils", "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa" ] }, { "to": "event/duel-of-amr-ibn-abd-wudd", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "قائد المسلمين في الخندق", "sources": [ "source/sallabi-ali-vol1" ] }, { "to": "event/emigrants-carried-in-two-ships", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "sender", "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa" ] }, { "to": "event/expedition-of-al-abwa-waddan", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "قائد الغزوة", "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq" ] }, { "to": "event/expedition-of-al-kudr", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "قائد الغزوة", "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq" ] }, { "to": "event/expedition-of-al-sawiq", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "قائد جيش المطاردة", "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq" ] }, { "to": "event/expedition-of-badr-al-mawida", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "قائد المسلمين بالموعد", "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq" ] }, { "to": "event/expedition-of-banu-al-mustaliq", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "قائد الغزوة", "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq" ] }, { "to": "event/expedition-of-banu-al-nadir", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "قائد الحصار", "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq" ] }, { "to": "event/expedition-of-buhran", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "قائد الغزوة", "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq" ] }, { "to": "event/expedition-of-buwat", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "قائد الغزوة", "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq" ] }, { "to": "event/expedition-of-dhat-al-riqa", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "قائد الغزوة ومصلي صلاة الخوف", "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq", "source/sahih-al-bukhari" ] }, { "to": "event/expedition-of-dhu-al-ushayra", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "قائد الغزوة", "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq" ] }, { "to": "event/expedition-of-dhu-amarr", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "قائد الغزوة", "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq" ] }, { "to": "event/expedition-of-dhu-qarad", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "ندب الخيل وألحق الفرسان", "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq", "source/sahih-muslim" ] }, { "to": "event/expedition-of-dumat-al-jandal", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "قائد الغزوة", "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq" ] }, { "to": "event/expedition-of-safwan", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "قائد الغزوة", "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq" ] }, { "to": "event/expedition-of-usama", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "ضرب البعث وأمّر أسامة", "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa" ] }, { "to": "event/expedition-to-tabuk", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false }, { "to": "event/farewell-pilgrimage", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false }, { "to": "event/farewell-sermon-at-arafat", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false }, { "to": "event/farewell-visit-to-uhud-martyrs", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false }, { "to": "event/fasting-of-ramadan-prescribed", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false }, { "to": "event/fath-mecca-cleansing-kaaba", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "cleansed-sanctuary", "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa" ] }, { "to": "event/fath-mecca-proscribed-persons", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "issued-order-and-pardons", "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa" ] }, { "to": "event/fath-mecca-sermon", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "speaker-and-amnesty-giver", "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa" ] }, { "to": "event/fatima-asks-for-servant-and-tasbih", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "رفض طلب الخادم وعلّم التسبيح", "sources": [ "source/sallabi-ali-vol1" ] }, { "to": "event/fatrat-al-wahy", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false }, { "to": "event/first-encounter-with-the-ansar", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false }, { "to": "event/first-jumma", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "إمام الجمعة", "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq" ] }, { "to": "event/first-migration-to-abyssinia", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "أمرهم بالهجرة فراراً بدينهم", "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq" ] }, { "to": "event/first-pledge-of-aqaba", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq" ] }, { "to": "event/first-revelation", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false }, { "to": "event/funeral-prayer-for-the-negus", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "led-the-absent-funeral-prayer", "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq" ] }, { "to": "event/ghadir-khumm", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false }, { "to": "event/ghar-thawr", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq" ] }, { "to": "event/hadith-of-the-cloak", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "جلّل أهل بيته بالكساء ودعا لهم", "sources": [ "source/sallabi-ali-vol1" ] }, { "to": "event/hamra-al-asad", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "قاد الغزوة وأحكم المطاردة المعنوية", "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq" ] }, { "to": "event/harb-al-fijar", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "حضرها ينبل على عمومته", "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq" ] }, { "to": "event/hatib-letter-to-quraysh", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "أرسل من أدرك الظعينة وحكم في أمر حاطب", "sources": [ "source/sallabi-ali-vol1" ] }, { "to": "event/hawazin-delegation-and-amnesty", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "granted-amnesty-and-freed-captives", "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa" ] }, { "to": "event/hijra-departure", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "خرج من بين المطوِّقين إلى دار أبي بكر", "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq" ] }, { "to": "event/hijra-journey-to-medina", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq" ] }, { "to": "event/hijra-night-escape", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq" ] }, { "to": "event/hilf-al-fudul", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "شهد الحلف", "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq" ] }, { "to": "event/hudaybiyya-refusal-to-return-slaves", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "رفض ردّ الأرقاء وخاطب قريشاً", "sources": [ "source/sallabi-ali-vol1" ] }, { "to": "event/hypocrites-ambush-at-the-pass", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "target-of-the-ambush", "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq" ] }, { "to": "event/hypocrites-mock-the-army-and-excuse", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa" ] }, { "to": "event/incident-of-bir-mauna", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "قنت شهراً يدعو على رعل وذكوان وعصية", "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq", "source/sahih-al-bukhari" ] }, { "to": "event/incident-of-dhat-anwat", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "rebuked-the-request", "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq" ] }, { "to": "event/incident-of-the-poisoned-sheep", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "الذي عصمه الله ونطق له العظم بالسم", "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq", "source/sahih-al-bukhari" ] }, { "to": "event/incident-of-the-slander", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false }, { "to": "event/islam-of-abu-dharr", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "سمع منه ودعاه إلى كتمان أمره ثم أمره بالرجوع إلى قومه", "sources": [ "source/sallabi-ali-vol1" ] }, { "to": "event/islam-of-adi-ibn-hatim", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "استقبله في بيته ودعاه", "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa" ] }, { "to": "event/islam-of-al-mundhir-ibn-sawa", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "الباعث", "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa" ] }, { "to": "event/islam-of-ali", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "دعاه إلى الإسلام وعلّمه الشهادة", "sources": [ "source/sallabi-ali-vol1" ] }, { "to": "event/islam-of-hamza", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false }, { "to": "event/islam-of-rifaa-ibn-zayd-al-judhami", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "كتب له الكتاب إلى قومه", "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa" ] }, { "to": "event/islam-of-umar", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false }, { "to": "event/isra-and-miraj", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false }, { "to": "event/jafar-arrival-at-khaybar", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "receiving", "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa" ] }, { "to": "event/jinn-hear-the-quran", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq" ] }, { "to": "event/journey-to-taif", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false }, { "to": "event/kaab-ibn-zuhayr-pardon-and-burda", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false }, { "to": "event/kaab-offers-his-wealth-and-vows-truthfulness", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa" ] }, { "to": "event/kaab-tells-the-prophet-the-truth", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa" ] }, { "to": "event/khalid-expedition-to-ukaydir", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "sender", "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa" ] }, { "to": "event/khirash-incident", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "judge-and-blood-money-payer", "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa" ] }, { "to": "event/khuzaa-appeal-to-medina", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "appealed-to", "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa" ] }, { "to": "event/killing-of-abu-afak", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "قال: من لي بهذا الخبيث؟", "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa" ] }, { "to": "event/killing-of-al-yasir-ibn-rizam", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "بعث ابن رواحة", "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa" ] }, { "to": "event/killing-of-asma-bint-marwan", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "قال: ألا آخذ لي من ابنة مروان؟ ثم: نصرت الله ورسوله", "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa" ] }, { "to": "event/killing-of-kab-ibn-al-ashraf", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "المأذون بقتله والمودع للمفرزة إلى بقيع الغرقد", "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq" ] }, { "to": "event/killing-of-khalid-ibn-sufyan-al-hudhali", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "بعثه وأعطاه العصا", "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa" ] }, { "to": "event/last-minbar-sermon", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false }, { "to": "event/last-quraysh-delegation-to-abu-talib", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "صاحب العرض بكلمة التوحيد", "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq" ] }, { "to": "event/letter-of-himyar-kings", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "كتب الجواب", "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa" ] }, { "to": "event/letters-to-rulers-and-kings", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "صاحب الكتب والرسائل", "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq", "source/sahih-al-bukhari" ] }, { "to": "event/lian-between-uwaymir-and-his-wife", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "administered-the-lian-and-separated-them", "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq" ] }, { "to": "event/lidud-of-the-prophet", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "لُدّ ثم أنكر الفعل", "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa" ] }, { "to": "event/marriage-of-fatima-and-ali", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false }, { "to": "event/marriage-to-khadija", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false }, { "to": "event/marriage-to-sawda", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false }, { "to": "event/masjid-al-dirar-builders-ask-the-prophet-to-pray", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa" ] }, { "to": "event/mission-of-amr-ibn-hazm-to-najran", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "الباعث وكاتب العهد", "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa" ] }, { "to": "event/mission-of-amr-ibn-umayya-against-abu-sufyan", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "بعث عمراً", "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa" ] }, { "to": "event/mission-of-khalid-to-banu-al-harith", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "الباعث؛ استقبل الوفد وأمّر قيس بن الحصين", "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa" ] }, { "to": "event/mission-of-muadh-to-yemen", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "الباعث والموصي", "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa" ] }, { "to": "event/muawiya-prayer-belly", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "الداعي", "sources": [ "source/futuh-buldan-maarif-1407" ] }, { "to": "event/musaylimas-letter-and-the-prophets-reply", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "المجيب", "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa" ] }, { "to": "event/mutah-dispatch-of-army", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "commander-in-chief", "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa" ] }, { "to": "event/mutah-prophets-grief-and-condolence", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "bearer-of-news", "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa" ] }, { "to": "event/mutah-return-to-medina", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "recipient", "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa" ] }, { "to": "event/negotiations-with-banu-shayban", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "عرض نفسه على القبائل", "sources": [ "source/sallabi-ali-vol1" ] }, { "to": "event/night-supplication-at-al-baqia", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false }, { "to": "event/offering-islam-to-the-tribes", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq" ] }, { "to": "event/omens-of-kisra-at-birth", "type": "related_to", "inverse": true }, { "to": "event/order-to-the-three-to-separate-from-their-wives", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa" ] }, { "to": "event/pen-and-paper-incident", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false }, { "to": "event/permission-to-fight", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq" ] }, { "to": "event/pledges-of-aqaba", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false }, { "to": "event/proclamation-of-surat-baraa", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false }, { "to": "event/prophet-declines-ali-marriage-to-abu-jahls-daughter", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "خطب الناس ونهى عن الجمع", "sources": [ "source/sallabi-ali-vol1" ] }, { "to": "event/prophets-deathbed-writing-request", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "طلب الكتاب وأوصى بثلاث", "sources": [ "source/sallabi-ali-vol1" ] }, { "to": "event/prophets-mosque-built", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "المؤسس والمشارك في نقل اللبن والحجارة", "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq", "source/sahih-al-bukhari" ] }, { "to": "event/prophets-mosques-between-medina-and-tabuk", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa" ] }, { "to": "event/prophets-return-and-excuses-of-the-stragglers", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa" ] }, { "to": "event/prophets-seal", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "صاحب الخاتم", "sources": [ "source/futuh-buldan-maarif-1407" ] }, { "to": "event/prophets-speech-to-the-ansar", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "speaker-and-comforter", "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa" ] }, { "to": "event/quba-sojourn", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "أسس مسجد قباء وصلى فيه", "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq" ] }, { "to": "event/quraysh-letter-to-ibn-ubayy", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq" ] }, { "to": "event/quraysh-threats-to-abu-talib", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "قال إنه لن يترك الأمر", "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq" ] }, { "to": "event/raid-of-ghalib-on-banu-al-mulawwah", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "باعث السرية", "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa" ] }, { "to": "event/raid-of-ghalib-on-banu-murra", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "باعث السرية وسائل أسامة", "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa" ] }, { "to": "event/raid-of-ibn-abi-hadrad-on-al-ghaba", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "بعث الثلاثة وأعان ابن أبي حدرد في صداقه", "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa" ] }, { "to": "event/raid-of-ibn-abi-hadrad-on-batn-idam", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "بعث السرية وقضى بالدية ودعا على القاتل", "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa" ] }, { "to": "event/raid-of-zayd-on-banu-fazara-and-umm-qirfa", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "بعث زيداً", "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa" ] }, { "to": "event/raid-of-zayd-on-judham", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "بعث زيداً ثم ردّ ما أُخذ", "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa" ] }, { "to": "event/rain-at-al-hijr-after-the-prophets-prayer", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa" ] }, { "to": "event/rebuilding-of-the-kaaba", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "حَكَم في وضع الحجر الأسود؛ نقل الحجارة مع العباس", "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq", "source/sahih-al-bukhari" ] }, { "to": "event/repentance-of-the-three-accepted", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa" ] }, { "to": "event/return-of-abyssinian-emigrants", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "recipient", "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa" ] }, { "to": "event/safa-proclamation", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false }, { "to": "event/sajdat-al-najm", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false }, { "to": "event/sariyya-of-abd-al-rahman-ibn-awf-to-dumat-al-jandal", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "عمّمه بيده ودفع إليه اللواء وعهد إليه", "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa" ] }, { "to": "event/sariyya-of-abu-ubayda-to-sif-al-bahr", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "بعث السرية وزوّدها وأجاز أكل الدابة", "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa" ] }, { "to": "event/sariyya-of-al-dahhak-to-banu-kilab", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "dispatched-the-detachment", "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq" ] }, { "to": "event/sariyya-of-ali-to-al-fals", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "بعث السرايا لتطهير الجزيرة من الأوثان", "sources": [ "source/sallabi-ali-vol1" ] }, { "to": "event/sariyya-of-alqama-to-jeddah", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "dispatched-the-detachment", "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq" ] }, { "to": "event/sariyya-of-kurz-ibn-jabir-against-the-killers-of-yasar", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "أذن لهم في اللقاح ثم عاقبهم", "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa" ] }, { "to": "event/sariyya-of-qutba-to-khatham", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "dispatched-the-detachment", "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq" ] }, { "to": "event/sariyya-of-uyayna-to-banu-tamim", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "dispatched-and-received-the-chiefs", "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq" ] }, { "to": "event/sariyya-of-zayd-to-madyan", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "نهى عن التفريق في البيع", "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa" ] }, { "to": "event/second-migration-to-abyssinia", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false }, { "to": "event/second-pledge-of-aqaba", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq" ] }, { "to": "event/sermon-at-mina-yawm-al-nahr", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false }, { "to": "event/shaqq-al-sadr", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "كان يلعب مع الغلمان", "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq", "source/sahih-muslim" ] }, { "to": "event/siege-of-banu-qaynuqa", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "قائد الحصار", "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq" ] }, { "to": "event/siege-of-banu-qurayza", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "قائد الحصار", "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq" ] }, { "to": "event/siege-of-taif", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false }, { "to": "event/six-men-of-yathrib", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq" ] }, { "to": "event/soothsayer-episode-banu-sad", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "sources": [ "source/dalail-al-nubuwwa-bayhaqi" ] }, { "to": "event/splitting-of-the-moon", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "أظهر الآية" }, { "to": "event/stoning-of-al-ghamidiyya", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "ordered-the-penalty-after-weaning", "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq" ] }, { "to": "event/sulh-ahl-maqna", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "صالحهم وكتب لهم الأمان والذمة", "sources": [ "source/futuh-buldan-maarif-1407" ] }, { "to": "event/sulh-ayla", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "قبل الصلح وكتب لهم الحفظ والمنع", "sources": [ "source/futuh-buldan-maarif-1407" ] }, { "to": "event/sulh-of-fadak", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "قبل المصالحة على نصف الأرض بتربتها", "sources": [ "source/futuh-buldan-maarif-1407" ] }, { "to": "event/surad-campaign-against-jurash", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "أخبر وافدي جرش بالوقعة ودعا برفعها", "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa" ] }, { "to": "event/tabuk-departure-and-deputies", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa" ] }, { "to": "event/tabuk-mobilisation-order", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "caller", "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa" ] }, { "to": "event/tabuk-stay-and-return", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa" ] }, { "to": "event/the-prophets-dream-of-the-two-gold-bracelets", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "الرائي والخطيب", "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa" ] }, { "to": "event/the-prophets-she-camel-strays", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa" ] }, { "to": "event/the-prophets-withdrawal", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "المعتزل", "sources": [ "source/sahih-al-bukhari" ] }, { "to": "event/the-three-left-behind", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa" ] }, { "to": "event/the-weepers-al-bakkaun", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa" ] }, { "to": "event/treaty-of-ayla", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa" ] }, { "to": "event/treaty-of-hudaybiyya", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "القائد الذي عقد الصلح ومحا بيده كاتب رسول الله", "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq", "source/sahih-al-bukhari" ] }, { "to": "event/treaty-of-ukaydir", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa" ] }, { "to": "event/uhud-burial-of-martyrs", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "أشرف على الدفن وصلى على الشهداء", "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq" ] }, { "to": "event/uhud-defense-of-the-prophet", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "جُرح في وجهه وشفته ورباعيته", "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq" ] }, { "to": "event/uhud-deployment", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "وضع الخطة ووزّع المهام", "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq" ] }, { "to": "event/uhud-muslim-mobilization", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "عقد المجلس وأصدر قرار الخروج", "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq" ] }, { "to": "event/uhud-withdrawal-to-shib", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "أحكم الانسحاب وقتل أبي بن خلف بيده", "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq" ] }, { "to": "event/umm-hani-protection-of-two-men", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "أقر أمان أم هانئ", "sources": [ "source/sallabi-ali-vol1" ] }, { "to": "event/umrah-of-jirana", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "pilgrim", "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa" ] }, { "to": "event/umrah-of-qada", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "قائد المعتمرين", "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq", "source/sahih-al-bukhari" ] }, { "to": "event/uqba-strangling-of-the-prophet", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq" ] }, { "to": "event/utba-offer", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false }, { "to": "event/uthman-funds-the-army-of-hardship", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "caller", "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa" ] }, { "to": "event/verse-jihad-over-watering-the-haram", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "أجاب بنزول الآية", "sources": [ "source/sallabi-ali-vol1" ] }, { "to": "event/verse-of-private-consultation-charity", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "أمر علياً بالصدقة ثم خفّف عنه", "sources": [ "source/sallabi-ali-vol1" ] }, { "to": "event/water-of-wadi-al-mushaqqaq", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa" ] }, { "to": "event/year-of-delegations", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false }, { "to": "event/year-of-sorrow", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false }, { "to": "event/year-of-the-elephant-and-birth", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false }, { "to": "journey/banu-qurayza-march", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "القائد", "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq" ] }, { "to": "journey/dumat-al-jandal-5ah", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "قائد الغزوة", "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq" ] }, { "to": "journey/dumat-al-jandal-expedition", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "المُرسِل", "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq" ] }, { "to": "journey/farewell-pilgrimage-route", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "الحاج", "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq" ] }, { "to": "journey/hamra-al-asad-pursuit", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "القائد", "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq" ] }, { "to": "journey/hijra-route", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "المهاجر", "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq" ] }, { "to": "journey/isra-and-miraj-route", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "المُسرى به", "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq" ] }, { "to": "journey/journey-to-taif", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "المسافر", "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq" ] }, { "to": "journey/mustaliq-raid", "type": "participated_in", "inverse": false, "role": "قائد الغزوة", "sources": [ "source/mubarakpuri-raheeq" ] }, { "to": "object/khatam-al-nabi", "type": "related_to", "inverse": true, "note": "خاتمه وخاتم خلفائه من بعده", "sources": [ "source/sahih-al-bukhari" ] }, { "to": "object/kisa-al-nabi", "type": "related_to", "inverse": true, "note": "كساه الذي قبض فيه", "sources": [ "source/sahih-al-bukhari" ] }, { "to": "object/naal-al-nabi", "type": "related_to", "inverse": true, "note": "نعلاه المحفوظتان", "sources": [ "source/sahih-al-bukhari" ] }, { "to": "object/qadah-al-nabi", "type": "related_to", "inverse": true, "note": "قدحه الذي اتخذ مكان الشعب سلسلة", "sources": [ "source/sahih-al-bukhari" ] }, { "to": "object/sayf-al-nabi", "type": "related_to", "inverse": true, "note": "سيفه المتوارث في بيته", "sources": [ "source/sahih-al-bukhari" ] }, { "to": "work/abu-afak-verses-against-the-prophet", "type": "mentioned_in", "inverse": true, "note": "«راكب جاءهم» بحسب سياق ابن إسحاق", "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa" ] }, { "to": "work/asma-bint-marwan-verses-against-the-ansar", "type": "mentioned_in", "inverse": true, "note": "«أتاوياً من غيركم»", "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa" ] }, { "to": "work/farewell-sermon", "type": "mentioned_in", "inverse": true }, { "to": "work/hassan-elegy-for-the-prophet", "type": "mentioned_in", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa" ] }, { "to": "work/hassan-poem-qawmi-ulaika", "type": "mentioned_in", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa" ] }, { "to": "work/malik-ibn-al-namt-poem", "type": "mentioned_in", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa" ] }, { "to": "work/malik-ibn-awf-jirana-praise", "type": "mentioned_in", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/ibn-hisham-saqqa" ] }, { "to": "work/qasidat-banat-suad", "type": "subject_of", "inverse": true }, { "to": "work/reconstruction-religious-thought-islam", "type": "mentioned_in", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/iqbal-reconstruction-religious-thought" ] }, { "to": "passage/bukhari-0190", "type": "mentioned_in", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/sahih-al-bukhari" ] }, { "to": "passage/bukhari-0716", "type": "mentioned_in", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/sahih-al-bukhari" ] }, { "to": "passage/bukhari-2419", "type": "mentioned_in", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/sahih-al-bukhari" ] }, { "to": "passage/bukhari-2612", "type": "mentioned_in", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/sahih-al-bukhari" ] }, { "to": "passage/bukhari-2613", "type": "mentioned_in", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/sahih-al-bukhari" ] }, { "to": "passage/bukhari-3443", "type": "mentioned_in", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/sahih-al-bukhari" ] }, { "to": 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