{
 "id": "person/sadriddin-ayni",
 "class": "person",
 "slug": "sadriddin-ayni",
 "label": {
  "ar": "صدر الدين عيني",
  "en": "Sadriddin Ayni",
  "ur": "صدر الدین عینی"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "كاتب وشاعر ومؤرخ طاجيكي (1878–1954م) من قرية ساكتاره في إمارة بخارى، من متنوري الجديد تعلم في مدرسة مير عرب في بخارى، ومؤلف «دوخوندا» (1927م) أول رواية طاجيكية، وأول رئيس لأكاديمية علوم طاجيكستان السوفييتية.",
  "en": "Tajik writer, poet and historian (1878–1954) from the Bukhara emirate village of Saktare: a Jadid enlightener educated at Bukhara's Mir-i-Arab madrasa, author of Dokhunda (1927), the first Tajik novel, and first president of the Academy of Sciences of the Tajik SSR."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [
  "people"
 ],
 "regions": [
  "persia-central-asia"
 ],
 "periods": [],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [],
 "span": {
  "earliest": 1878.3184459639829,
  "latest": 1954.5363012244973
 },
 "display": {
  "start": {
   "edtf": "1878-04-27",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": false,
   "note": "Born in the village of Saktare in the Emirate of Bukhara on 27 April 1878 (New Style), the form given by the Tajik article and used by the English article's own age computation; the English lead and the Uzbek infobox give 15 April 1878, the Julian form of the same day, which Wikidata also carries alongside a year-precision 1878. No source consulted gives a Hijri pairing, so no hijri value is recorded.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-ayni-en",
    "source/wikipedia-ayni-ru",
    "source/wikipedia-ayni-tg",
    "source/wikidata-ayni"
   ]
  },
  "end": {
   "edtf": "1954-07-15",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": false,
   "note": "Died at Stalinabad (now Dushanbe) on 15 July 1954, the date given by the English article and by Wikidata's principal value; Wikidata also carries an unsupported 29 December 1954 value, which is not followed. No source consulted gives a Hijri pairing, so no hijri value is recorded.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-ayni-en",
    "source/wikipedia-ayni-ru",
    "source/wikidata-ayni"
   ]
  }
 },
 "data": {
  "names": [
   {
    "value": "Sadriddin Ayni",
    "kind": "full"
   },
   {
    "value": "Sadriddin Saidmurodovich Saidmurodov",
    "kind": "full"
   },
   {
    "value": "Sadriddin Aini",
    "kind": "alternate"
   },
   {
    "value": "صدرالدین عینی",
    "kind": "alternate"
   }
  ],
  "roles": [
   "writer",
   "poet",
   "historian",
   "scholar"
  ],
  "born": {
   "edtf": "1878-04-27",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": false,
   "note": "Born in the village of Saktare in the Emirate of Bukhara on 27 April 1878 (New Style), the form given by the Tajik article and used by the English article's own age computation; the English lead and the Uzbek infobox give 15 April 1878, the Julian form of the same day, which Wikidata also carries alongside a year-precision 1878. No source consulted gives a Hijri pairing, so no hijri value is recorded.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-ayni-en",
    "source/wikipedia-ayni-ru",
    "source/wikipedia-ayni-tg",
    "source/wikidata-ayni"
   ]
  },
  "died": {
   "edtf": "1954-07-15",
   "calendar": "gregorian",
   "precision": "day",
   "status": "historical",
   "derived": false,
   "note": "Died at Stalinabad (now Dushanbe) on 15 July 1954, the date given by the English article and by Wikidata's principal value; Wikidata also carries an unsupported 29 December 1954 value, which is not followed. No source consulted gives a Hijri pairing, so no hijri value is recorded.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-ayni-en",
    "source/wikipedia-ayni-ru",
    "source/wikidata-ayni"
   ]
  },
  "faith": [
   {
    "value": "unknown",
    "basis": "unknown",
    "note": "No source consulted gives any religion content for Ayni at all: the English, Russian, Tajik, Uzbek, Arabic and Urdu texts name no affiliation, no infobox carries a religion field, and Wikidata records no religion value. His attendance at Bukhara's Mir-i-Arab madrasa is formation, his participation in the jadid enlightenment movement is a movement descriptor, and any Sufi colouring of his family milieu would be family background; none of these is an attestation. The value is unknown under the two-source rule (absence configuration).",
    "sources": [
     "source/wikipedia-ayni-en",
     "source/wikipedia-ayni-ru",
     "source/wikipedia-ayni-tg"
    ]
   }
  ],
  "sources": [
   "source/wikipedia-ayni-en",
   "source/wikipedia-ayni-ru",
   "source/wikipedia-ayni-tg",
   "source/wikidata-ayni"
  ],
  "external_ids": {
   "wikidata": "Q558794"
  },
  "status": {
   "review": "published"
  },
  "provenance": {
   "layer": "own-research",
   "source": "English, Russian, Tajik and Uzbek Wikipedia articles on Sadriddin Ayni read in full at recorded revisions (Arabic and Urdu editions also read), and Wikidata item Q558794 (grounded through the English article's page property, read twice identically), 27 October 2026; his birth village Saktare has no place entity, so no born_in edge is written",
   "generated_by": "Muse (Muse Spark 1.3)",
   "run": "century-additions-103"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "تكوينه في بخارى",
     "markdown": "وُلد عيني في أسرة فلاحية في قرية ساكتاره في إمارة بخارى في 27 أبريل 1878م (بالتقويم الجديد؛ ويعطي صدر المقالة الإنجليزية وصندوق المعلومات الأوزبكي 15 أبريل، وهي الصيغة اليوليانية لليوم نفسه، وتحملها ويكي بيانات أيضًا) {cite:wikipedia-ayni-en} {cite:wikipedia-ayni-tg} {cite:wikidata-ayni}. تيتم في الثانية عشرة فانتقل إلى بخارى والتحق بمدرسة مير عرب، وتعلّم الكتابة بالعربية وهو يعمل بوابًا وطباخًا، وقرُب من مثقفي بخارى وشارك في حركة الجديد التنويرية {cite:wikipedia-ayni-en}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "كاتبًا وأكاديميًا",
     "markdown": "في أبريل 1917م رفض عيني المشاركة في مظاهرة ولاء لأمير بخارى، فاعتُقل وضُرب 75 ضربة بالعصي وأُلقي في سجن أوبخونا، حتى حررته قوات بلشفية {cite:wikipedia-ayni-en}. وكانت روايته «دوخوندا» (1927م) أول رواية طاجيكية؛ وجلس في المجلس الأعلى لطاجيكستان السوفييتية عشرين عامًا، ونال وسام لينين ثلاث مرات، وصار أول رئيس لأكاديمية علوم طاجيكستان السوفييتية {cite:wikipedia-ayni-en}. توفي في ستالين آباد، دوشنبه اليوم، في 15 يوليو 1954م؛ وتحمل ويكي بيانات أيضًا قيمة 29 ديسمبر 1954م غير المسندة {cite:wikipedia-ayni-en} {cite:wikidata-ayni}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "عقيدته",
     "markdown": "لا تعطي أي طبعة مقروءة عيني أي محتوى ديني أصلًا: فالنصوص الإنجليزية والروسية والطاجيكية والأوزبكية والعربية والأردية لا تذكر انتماء، ولا صندوق معلومات يحمل خانة للدين، ولا تحمل ويكي بيانات أي قيمة للدين {cite:wikipedia-ayni-en} {cite:wikipedia-ayni-ru} {cite:wikipedia-ayni-tg} {cite:wikidata-ayni}. فالتحاقه بمدرسة مير عرب تكوين، ومشاركته في الجديد وصف حركة، وأي صبغة صوفية لبيئة أسرته خلفية عائلية. لذلك سُجّلت عقيدته غير معروفة وفق قاعدة المصدرين، في تشكيلة الغياب."
    },
    {
     "heading": "Sources",
     "markdown": "- The defined source entities cited above, recorded in `data/source/`.\n- Revisions of this article must be dated, and must name the source that changed each fact."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/sadriddin-ayni",
    "lang": "ar",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-27"
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Bukhara formation",
     "markdown": "Ayni was born into a peasant family in the village of Saktare in the Emirate of Bukhara on 27 April 1878 (New Style; the English lead and the Uzbek infobox give 15 April, the Julian form of the same day, which Wikidata also carries) {cite:wikipedia-ayni-en} {cite:wikipedia-ayni-tg} {cite:wikidata-ayni}. Orphaned at twelve, he moved to Bukhara and attended the Mir-i-Arab madrasa, learning to write in Arabic while working as a janitor and cook, and became closely acquainted with Bukhara's intellectuals and a participant in the jadid enlightenment movement {cite:wikipedia-ayni-en}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "Writer and academician",
     "markdown": "In April 1917 Ayni refused to join a demonstration of loyalty to the Emir of Bukhara, was seized and given 75 blows with sticks and thrown into the Obhona prison, from which Bolshevik forces freed him {cite:wikipedia-ayni-en}. His novel Dokhunda (1927) was the first Tajik novel; he sat in the Supreme Soviet of the Tajik SSR for twenty years, received the Order of Lenin three times, and became the first president of the Academy of Sciences of the Tajik SSR {cite:wikipedia-ayni-en}. He died at Stalinabad, now Dushanbe, on 15 July 1954; Wikidata also carries an unsupported 29 December 1954 value {cite:wikipedia-ayni-en} {cite:wikidata-ayni}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "Faith",
     "markdown": "No edition read gives Ayni any religion content at all: the English, Russian, Tajik, Uzbek, Arabic and Urdu texts name no affiliation, no infobox carries a religion field, and Wikidata records no religion value {cite:wikipedia-ayni-en} {cite:wikipedia-ayni-ru} {cite:wikipedia-ayni-tg} {cite:wikidata-ayni}. His Mir-i-Arab madrasa attendance is formation and his jadid participation a movement descriptor, and any Sufi colouring of his family milieu would be family background. His faith segment is therefore recorded as unknown under the two-source rule, in the absence configuration."
    },
    {
     "heading": "Sources",
     "markdown": "- The defined source entities cited above, recorded in `data/source/`.\n- Revisions of this article must be dated, and must name the source that changed each fact."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/sadriddin-ayni",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-27"
  },
  "ur": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "بخارا کی تربیت",
     "markdown": "عینی امارتِ بخارا کے گاؤں ساکتارے میں ایک کسان خاندان میں 27 اپریل 1878ء کو پیدا ہوئے (نئے طرز کے مطابق؛ انگریزی مضمون کا صدر اور ازبک معلوماتی خانہ 15 اپریل دیتے ہیں، جو اسی دن کی جولیائی صورت ہے اور وکی ڈیٹا بھی اسے درج کرتا ہے) {cite:wikipedia-ayni-en} {cite:wikipedia-ayni-tg} {cite:wikidata-ayni}. بارہ سال کی عمر میں یتیم ہو کر وہ بخارا منتقل ہوئے اور میر عرب مدرسے میں داخل ہوئے، چوکیداری اور باورچی کے کام کے ساتھ عربی لکھنا سیکھا، بخارا کے اہلِ علم کے قریب ہوئے اور جدید روشنی خیالی تحریک میں شریک ہوئے {cite:wikipedia-ayni-en}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "ادیب اور اکیڈمیشین",
     "markdown": "اپریل 1917ء میں عینی نے امیرِ بخارا سے وفاداری کے مظاہرے میں شرکت سے انکار کیا، تو انہیں پکڑ کر 75 ڈنڈے مارے گئے اور اوبخونا قید خانے میں ڈال دیا گیا، جہاں سے بالشویک افواج نے انہیں آزاد کرایا {cite:wikipedia-ayni-en}. ان کا ناول «دوخوندا» (1927ء) پہلا تاجک ناول تھا؛ وہ بیس سال تاجک سوویت سپریم سوویت کے رکن رہے، تین بار آرڈر آف لینن پایا، اور تاجک سوویت اکیڈمی آف سائنسز کے پہلے صدر بنے {cite:wikipedia-ayni-en}. ان کا انتقال اسٹالن آباد، آج کے دوشنبہ، میں 15 جولائی 1954ء کو ہوا؛ وکی ڈیٹا 29 دسمبر 1954ء کی ایک غیر مسند قدر بھی رکھتا ہے {cite:wikipedia-ayni-en} {cite:wikidata-ayni}."
    },
    {
     "heading": "عقیدہ",
     "markdown": "کوئی بھی مطالعہ کردہ طبع عینی کے لیے کوئی مذہبی مواد نہیں دیتا: انگریزی، روسی، تاجک، ازبک، عربی اور اردو متون کوئی وابستگی نہیں بتاتے، کسی معلوماتی خانے میں مذہب کا خانہ نہیں، اور وکی ڈیٹا کوئی مذہبی قدر درج نہیں کرتا {cite:wikipedia-ayni-en} {cite:wikipedia-ayni-ru} {cite:wikipedia-ayni-tg} {cite:wikidata-ayni}. میر عرب مدرسے میں ان کا داخلہ تربیت ہے، جدید تحریک میں شرکت تحریکی وصف ہے، اور ان کے خاندانی ماحول کی کوئی صوفیانہ رنگت خاندانی پس منظر ہوگی۔ اس لیے ان کا عقیدہ دو ماخذی قاعدے کے تحت، غیاب کی صورت میں، نامعلوم درج ہے۔"
    },
    {
     "heading": "Sources",
     "markdown": "- The defined source entities cited above, recorded in `data/source/`.\n- Revisions of this article must be dated, and must name the source that changed each fact."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "person/sadriddin-ayni",
    "lang": "ur",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": []
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-27"
  }
 },
 "degree": 4,
 "contemporaries": [
  "person/a-k-fazlul-huq",
  "person/abd-al-qadir-al-maghribi",
  "person/abdul-haq",
  "person/aga-khan-iii",
  "person/ahmed-lutfi-al-sayyid",
  "person/ali-al-mirghani",
  "person/atiya-fyzee",
  "person/ayaz-ishaki",
  "person/da-pusheng",
  "person/fares-al-khoury",
  "person/hamida-javanshir",
  "person/hashim-al-atassi"
 ],
 "updated": "2026-10-27",
 "connections": [
  {
   "to": "person/abdurauf-fitrat",
   "type": "debated_with",
   "inverse": true,
   "note": "The English article records that Fitrat's advocacy of Latinisation in 1921 provoked resistance from fellow activists including Sadriddin Ayni.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-fitrat-en"
   ]
  },
  {
   "to": "place/bukhara",
   "type": "lived_in",
   "inverse": false,
   "note": "Orphaned at twelve, Ayni moved to Bukhara and attended the Mir-i-Arab madrasa, where he learned to write in Arabic; he was closely acquainted with Bukhara's intellectuals and took part in the jadid enlightenment movement there.",
   "sources": [
    "source/wikipedia-ayni-en"
   ]
  }
 ],
 "related": [
  "person/abdurauf-fitrat",
  "place/bukhara",
  "event/al-biruni-flees-to-bukhara",
  "event/alp-arslan-death-465",
  "event/said-bukhara-host",
  "event/tekish-bukhara-594",
  "person/abdulla-qodiriy",
  "person/al-kurdari"
 ],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}