{ "id": "person/salim-al-mubarak-al-sabah", "class": "person", "slug": "salim-al-mubarak-al-sabah", "label": { "ar": "سالم المبارك الصباح", "en": "Salim Al-Mubarak Al-Sabah", "ur": "سالم مبارک الصباح" }, "summary": { "ar": "سالم المبارك الصباح (وُلد سنة 1864 – توفي في مدينة الكويت في 23 فبراير 1921)، حاكم الكويت التاسع من أسرة آل صباح، والابن الثاني لمبارك الكبير، ومؤسس فرع آل سالم في الأسرة الحاكمة. كان واليًا على مدينة الكويت في 1915–1917 وقائدًا لفرسان الكويت ومشاتها، وخلف أخاه جابر الثاني في 5 فبراير 1917، فشهد عهده القصير بناء سور الكويت الثالث ومعركتي حمض والجهراء (1920) في مواجهة ضغط الإخوان والحدود، وخلفه ابن أخيه أحمد الجابر، ومن أبنائه عبد الله السالم وصباح السالم، أميرا الكويت الحادي عشر والثاني عشر لاحقًا.", "en": "Salim Al-Mubarak Al-Sabah (born in 1864 – died at Kuwait City on 23 February 1921) was the ninth ruler of Kuwait of the Al-Sabah family, the second son of Mubarak the Great and the progenitor of the family's Al-Salim branch. He was governor of Kuwait City in 1915–1917 and commander of Kuwait's cavalry and infantry, and he succeeded his brother Jaber II on 5 February 1917; his short reign saw the building of Kuwait's third wall and the battles of Hamdh and Jahra (1920) under Ikhwan and frontier pressure. He was succeeded by his nephew Ahmad Al-Jaber; among his sons were Abdullah Al-Salim and Sabah Al-Salim, later the eleventh and twelfth emirs of Kuwait.", "ur": "سالم المبارک الصباح (پیدائش: 1864ء – وفات: کویت، 23 فروری 1921ء)، کویت کے نویں حکمران اور مبارک الکبیر کے دوسرے بیٹے تھے۔ وہ 1915–1917ء میں کویت شہر کے والی رہے، 5 فروری 1917ء کو بھائی جابر ثانی کے بعد حکمران بنے، ان کے مختصر عہد میں کویت کی تیسری فصیل بنی اور حمض و جہرہ کی لڑائیاں ہوئیں، اور ان کے بیٹے عبد اللہ و صباح بعد میں کویت کے امیر بنے۔" }, "stub": false, "wings": [ "people" ], "regions": [], "periods": [], "tags": [], "aliases": [], "themes": [], "span": { "earliest": 1863.999192317433, "latest": 1921.1475252742723 }, "display": { "start": { "edtf": "1864", "hijri": "1281", "calendar": "gregorian", "precision": "year", "status": "historical", "derived": true, "note": "The year 1864 is given by the English, Arabic and Urdu articles and by Wikidata. All sources place the birth at Kuwait (the English infobox gives the Sheikhdom of Kuwait, the Arabic article's categories Kuwait City, and Wikidata Kuwait City, Q35178); the museum has no place entity for Kuwait City, so the place is recorded here and no born_in edge is written. The Hijri year (1281) is derived by tabular conversion: the Gregorian year 1864 spans 1280–1281 AH and its mid-year falls in 1281.", "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-salim-al-mubarak-al-sabah-en", "source/wikipedia-salim-al-mubarak-al-sabah-ar", "source/wikipedia-salim-al-mubarak-al-sabah-ur", "source/wikidata-salim-al-mubarak-al-sabah" ] }, "end": { "edtf": "1921-02-23", "hijri": "1339", "calendar": "gregorian", "precision": "day", "status": "debated", "derived": true, "note": "He died at Kuwait City in February 1921, and the day is genuinely split between the sources, so it is recorded as debated rather than merged. The English article's lead, infobox and reign dates, the Arabic article (citing the Kuwait News Agency) and the Urdu stub give 23 February 1921; Wikidata gives 22 February 1921, and the English article's own succession-template line also prints 22 February. The record follows the three articles' 23 February (14 Jumada al-Thani 1339 by tabular conversion; the 22nd would be the 13th). His nephew Ahmad Al-Jaber's accession followed immediately, in February 1921.", "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-salim-al-mubarak-al-sabah-en", "source/wikipedia-salim-al-mubarak-al-sabah-ar", "source/wikipedia-salim-al-mubarak-al-sabah-ur", "source/wikidata-salim-al-mubarak-al-sabah" ] } }, "data": { "names": [ { "value": "سالم المبارك بن صباح الصباح", "kind": "full" }, { "value": "Salim Al-Mubarak Al-Sabah", "kind": "full" }, { "value": "Salem Mubarak Al-Sabah", "kind": "alternate" }, { "value": "Salim I of Kuwait", "kind": "alternate" } ], "gender": "male", "roles": [ "ruler" ], "born": { "edtf": "1864", "hijri": "1281", "calendar": "gregorian", "precision": "year", "status": "historical", "derived": true, "note": "The year 1864 is given by the English, Arabic and Urdu articles and by Wikidata. All sources place the birth at Kuwait (the English infobox gives the Sheikhdom of Kuwait, the Arabic article's categories Kuwait City, and Wikidata Kuwait City, Q35178); the museum has no place entity for Kuwait City, so the place is recorded here and no born_in edge is written. The Hijri year (1281) is derived by tabular conversion: the Gregorian year 1864 spans 1280–1281 AH and its mid-year falls in 1281.", "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-salim-al-mubarak-al-sabah-en", "source/wikipedia-salim-al-mubarak-al-sabah-ar", "source/wikipedia-salim-al-mubarak-al-sabah-ur", "source/wikidata-salim-al-mubarak-al-sabah" ] }, "died": { "edtf": "1921-02-23", "hijri": "1339", "calendar": "gregorian", "precision": "day", "status": "debated", "derived": true, "note": "He died at Kuwait City in February 1921, and the day is genuinely split between the sources, so it is recorded as debated rather than merged. The English article's lead, infobox and reign dates, the Arabic article (citing the Kuwait News Agency) and the Urdu stub give 23 February 1921; Wikidata gives 22 February 1921, and the English article's own succession-template line also prints 22 February. The record follows the three articles' 23 February (14 Jumada al-Thani 1339 by tabular conversion; the 22nd would be the 13th). His nephew Ahmad Al-Jaber's accession followed immediately, in February 1921.", "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-salim-al-mubarak-al-sabah-en", "source/wikipedia-salim-al-mubarak-al-sabah-ar", "source/wikipedia-salim-al-mubarak-al-sabah-ur", "source/wikidata-salim-al-mubarak-al-sabah" ] }, "faith": [ { "value": "unknown", "basis": "unknown", "note": "No source read names a religion or a school for Salim himself. The English, Arabic and Urdu articles state no religion for him at all, and his Wikidata item carries no religion (P140) value whatever — an absence the record states rather than fills. His father's and his family's milieu is family background and never counts. With no source naming a school for the man himself, let alone two independent sources naming the same school, his faith is left unknown under the two-source rule and the doubt rule ('if we have doubt then unclassified').", "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-salim-al-mubarak-al-sabah-en", "source/wikipedia-salim-al-mubarak-al-sabah-ar", "source/wikipedia-salim-al-mubarak-al-sabah-ur", "source/wikidata-salim-al-mubarak-al-sabah" ] } ], "external_ids": { "wikidata": "Q2364766" }, "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-salim-al-mubarak-al-sabah-en", "source/wikipedia-salim-al-mubarak-al-sabah-ar", "source/wikipedia-salim-al-mubarak-al-sabah-ur", "source/wikidata-salim-al-mubarak-al-sabah" ], "provenance": { "layer": "own-research", "source": "English Wikipedia 'Salim Al-Mubarak Al-Sabah' (revision 1365327909), Arabic Wikipedia 'سالم المبارك الصباح' (revision 73426206) and Urdu Wikipedia 'سالم مبارک الصباح' (revision 6912119), read on 26 October 2026, with Wikidata item Q2364766. The harvest queue's years (1864–1921) are confirmed by all four sources. The one disagreement is the death day — 23 February in the three articles against 22 February in Wikidata and in the English article's succession template — recorded as debated in the died block rather than merged. No place edges are written, because the museum has no place entity for Kuwait City; his brother and predecessor Jaber II has a museum record from wave 24, and the two men's brotherhood is stated in the prose and carried structurally by their shared child_of target.", "generated_by": "Muse (Muse Spark 1.3)", "run": "century-additions-25" }, "status": { "review": "published", "completeness": 3, "generated_by": "Muse (Muse Spark 1.3)" } }, "prose": { "ar": { "sections": [ { "heading": "موجز", "markdown": "الشيخ سالم المبارك الصباح (1864 – 23 فبراير 1921)، حاكم الكويت التاسع من أسرة آل صباح، والابن الثاني للشيخ مبارك الصباح «الكبير» من زوجته شيخة دعيج الصباح، وهو مؤسس فرع آل سالم في الأسرة الحاكمة. {cite:wikipedia-salim-al-mubarak-al-sabah-ar} {cite:wikipedia-salim-al-mubarak-al-sabah-en} تولى الحكم في 5 فبراير 1917 بعد وفاة أخيه الأكبر جابر الثاني، وقبل ذلك كان واليًا على مدينة الكويت في 1915–1917 وقائدًا لفرسان الكويت ومشاتها، وشهد عهده القصير بناء سور الكويت الثالث ومعركتي حمض والجهراء سنة 1920. {cite:wikipedia-salim-al-mubarak-al-sabah-ar} {cite:wikipedia-salim-al-mubarak-al-sabah-en}" }, { "heading": "النشأة", "markdown": "وُلد سالم سنة 1864 في الكويت، ثاني أبناء مبارك الكبير، ونشأ في بيت الحكم الذي وحّد أبوه فيه الأسرة بقبضة صارمة، كما تروي المقالة العربية في نسبه وترتيبه بين إخوته. {cite:wikipedia-salim-al-mubarak-al-sabah-ar} وكان في شبابه من رجال أبيه العسكريين، فلما كبر صار واليًا على مدينة الكويت بين 1915 و1917، وقاد فرسان الكويت ومشاتها، ونسبت إليه المقالة الإنجليزية القيادة في معركة الجهراء سنة 1920. {cite:wikipedia-salim-al-mubarak-al-sabah-en}" }, { "heading": "المسيرة", "markdown": "خلف سالم أخاه جابر الثاني في الحكم في 5 فبراير 1917، فكان تاسع حكام الكويت، وظل في الحكم حتى وفاته في فبراير 1921. {cite:wikipedia-salim-al-mubarak-al-sabah-ar} {cite:wikipedia-salim-al-mubarak-al-sabah-en} ومن أهم أحداث عهده عند المقالة العربية: بناء سور الكويت الثالث، وهو السور الذي أحاط بالمدينة حماية لها في سنوات اضطراب الحدود، ومعركة حمض سنة 1919، ومعركة الجهراء سنة 1920 التي واجهت فيها الكويت هجوم الإخوان ومن تحالف معهم. {cite:wikipedia-salim-al-mubarak-al-sabah-ar} وبوفاته خلفه ابن أخيه أحمد الجابر الصباح، فانتقل الحكم من فرع مبارك الأبناء إلى أبناء جابر، بينما صار نسل سالم نفسه فرع آل سالم في الأسرة. {cite:wikipedia-salim-al-mubarak-al-sabah-en}" }, { "heading": "الوفاة والإرث", "markdown": "توفي سالم في مدينة الكويت في فبراير 1921، ويوم وفاته مختلف فيه بين المصادر اختلافًا يذكره المتحف ولا يدمجه: فالمقالات الإنجليزية والعربية — وهذه الأخيرة تنقل عن وكالة الأنباء الكويتية — والأردية تجعله في 23 فبراير 1921، بينما تعطي ويكيبيانات 22 فبراير 1921، ويطبع سطر قالب التعاقب في المقالة الإنجليزية نفسها 22 فبراير أيضًا؛ فسجلت البطاقة 23 فبراير متابعة للمقالات ووصفت اليوم بالمتنازع عليه. {cite:wikipedia-salim-al-mubarak-al-sabah-en} {cite:wikipedia-salim-al-mubarak-al-sabah-ar} {cite:wikidata-salim-al-mubarak-al-sabah} خلّف سالم أسرة كبيرة عددتها المقالة العربية من زوجات عدة، ومن أبنائه الشيخ عبد الله السالم، أمير الكويت الحادي عشر لاحقًا، والشيخ صباح السالم، أميرها الثاني عشر، والشيخ علي والشيخ فهد والشيخ دعيج وبنات. {cite:wikipedia-salim-al-mubarak-al-sabah-ar} وبقي اسمه حاضرًا في الثقافة الشعبية الكويتية، إذ ظهرت شخصيته في مسلسل «أسد الجزيرة» عن حياة أبيه، وقام بدوره الممثل عبد المحسن النمر، كما تذكر المقالة العربية. {cite:wikipedia-salim-al-mubarak-al-sabah-ar}" }, { "heading": "المواقف والنقد", "markdown": "يُقرأ هذا القسم بوصفه عرضًا لمواقف منقولة عن المصادر، لا حكمًا من المتحف.\n\nالمصادر المستعملة هنا مقالات وجيزة، فلا تنقل لسالم أقوالًا ولا مواقف مفصلة يمكن عرضها، ويقتصر ما يذكره المتحف على الخلافات الوثائقية نفسها: يوم وفاته (23 فبراير عند المقالات الثلاث، و22 فبراير عند ويكيبيانات وفي قالب تعاقب المقالة الإنجليزية)، وتهجئة اسمه في صندوق معلومات المقالة الإنجليزية «Salem» خلافًا لعنوانها «Salim». {cite:wikipedia-salim-al-mubarak-al-sabah-en} {cite:wikidata-salim-al-mubarak-al-sabah} أما ديانته فمسجلة في بطاقة بياناته غير معروفة من جهة المذهب: فالمقالات الثلاث لا تذكر له دينًا ولا مذهبًا، وويكيبيانات لا تحمل أي قيمة للديانة أصلًا، فبقيت القيمة غير معروفة بمقتضى قاعدة المصدرين وقاعدة الشك. {cite:wikipedia-salim-al-mubarak-al-sabah-ar} {cite:wikipedia-salim-al-mubarak-al-sabah-en} {cite:wikidata-salim-al-mubarak-al-sabah}" }, { "heading": "المراجع", "markdown": "- المصادر المعرّفة المحال إليها أعلاه، والمسجّلة في `data/source/`.\n- تحتاج الترجمات والتحريرات اللاحقة لهذه المقالة إلى مراجعة دورية مع تواريخ تحديث واضحة." } ], "frontmatter": { "id": "person/salim-al-mubarak-al-sabah", "lang": "ar", "source_lang": "ar", "translators": [] }, "updated": "2026-10-25" }, "en": { "sections": [ { "heading": "Summary", "markdown": "Sheikh Salim Al-Mubarak Al-Sabah (1864 – 23 February 1921) was the ninth ruler of Kuwait of the Al-Sabah family, the second son of Mubarak Al-Sabah \"the Great\" by his wife Sheikha Duaij Al-Sabah, and the progenitor of the family's Al-Salim branch. {cite:wikipedia-salim-al-mubarak-al-sabah-ar} {cite:wikipedia-salim-al-mubarak-al-sabah-en} He succeeded his elder brother Jaber II on 5 February 1917; before that he had been governor of Kuwait City in 1915–1917 and commander of Kuwait's cavalry and infantry, and his short reign saw the building of Kuwait's third wall and the battles of Hamdh and Jahra in 1920. {cite:wikipedia-salim-al-mubarak-al-sabah-ar} {cite:wikipedia-salim-al-mubarak-al-sabah-en}" }, { "heading": "Early life", "markdown": "Salim was born in 1864 at Kuwait, the second son of Mubarak the Great, and grew up in the ruling house his father had united under a strict hand, as the Arabic article sets out in his parentage and his place among his brothers. {cite:wikipedia-salim-al-mubarak-al-sabah-ar} In his father's service he became governor of Kuwait City between 1915 and 1917, as well as chief cavalry and infantry commander, and the English article credits him with command during the 1920 Battle of Jahra. {cite:wikipedia-salim-al-mubarak-al-sabah-en}" }, { "heading": "Career", "markdown": "Salim succeeded his brother Jaber II on 5 February 1917, becoming Kuwait's ninth ruler, and held the throne until his death in February 1921. {cite:wikipedia-salim-al-mubarak-al-sabah-ar} {cite:wikipedia-salim-al-mubarak-al-sabah-en} The Arabic article lists the chief events of his reign as the building of Kuwait's third wall, raised around the town in years of frontier unrest, the Battle of Hamdh in 1919, and the Battle of Jahra in 1920, in which Kuwait faced the attack of the Ikhwan and their allies. {cite:wikipedia-salim-al-mubarak-al-sabah-ar} On his death he was succeeded by his nephew Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah, so the rule passed from Mubarak's own sons to Jaber's line, while Salim's descendants formed the Al-Salim branch of the family. {cite:wikipedia-salim-al-mubarak-al-sabah-en}" }, { "heading": "Death and legacy", "markdown": "Salim died at Kuwait City in February 1921, and his death day is split between the sources, which the museum states rather than merges: the English, Arabic — the latter citing the Kuwait News Agency — and Urdu articles give 23 February 1921, while Wikidata gives 22 February 1921 and a succession-template line in the English article itself also prints 22 February; the record follows the articles' 23 February and marks the day debated. {cite:wikipedia-salim-al-mubarak-al-sabah-en} {cite:wikipedia-salim-al-mubarak-al-sabah-ar} {cite:wikidata-salim-al-mubarak-al-sabah} He left a large family by several wives, as the Arabic article enumerates; among his sons were Sheikh Abdullah Al-Salim, later the eleventh emir of Kuwait, and Sheikh Sabah Al-Salim, its twelfth, besides Ali, Fahad and Duaij and daughters. {cite:wikipedia-salim-al-mubarak-al-sabah-ar} His figure also survives in Kuwaiti popular culture: the Arabic article notes that he appears as a character in the television series \"Lion of the Peninsula\", about his father's life, played by the actor Abdulmohsen Al-Nemer. {cite:wikipedia-salim-al-mubarak-al-sabah-ar}" }, { "heading": "Positions and criticism", "markdown": "This section is read as a presentation of positions reported from the sources, not as a verdict of the museum.\n\nThe sources used here are short articles, and they preserve no sayings or detailed positions of Salim's to present; what the museum records is the documentary disagreement itself: his death day (23 February in the three articles, 22 February in Wikidata and in the English article's own succession template) and the spelling of his name as \"Salem\" in the English infobox against \"Salim\" in its title. {cite:wikipedia-salim-al-mubarak-al-sabah-en} {cite:wikidata-salim-al-mubarak-al-sabah} His faith is recorded as unknown as to school in his data record: none of the three articles states a religion or school for him, and Wikidata carries no religion value at all, so the value stays unknown under the two-source rule and the doubt rule. {cite:wikipedia-salim-al-mubarak-al-sabah-ar} {cite:wikipedia-salim-al-mubarak-al-sabah-en} {cite:wikidata-salim-al-mubarak-al-sabah}" }, { "heading": "References", "markdown": "- The defined sources cited above, registered in `data/source/`.\n- Later translations and edits of this article need periodic review with clear update dates." } ], "frontmatter": { "id": "person/salim-al-mubarak-al-sabah", "lang": "en", "source_lang": "ar", "translators": [] }, "updated": "2026-10-25" }, "ur": { "sections": [ { "heading": "خلاصہ", "markdown": "سالم مبارک الصباح (پیدائش: 1864ء – وفات: کویت، 23 فروری 1921ء)، کویت کے نویں حکمران تھے، جیسا کہ اردو مضمون بیان کرتا ہے، اور وہ مبارک الکبیر کے دوسرے بیٹے اور آل سالم شاخ کے بانی تھے۔ {cite:wikipedia-salim-al-mubarak-al-sabah-ur} {cite:wikipedia-salim-al-mubarak-al-sabah-en} وہ 5 فروری 1917ء کو اپنے بھائی جابر ثانی کے بعد حکمران بنے اور فروری 1921ء میں وفات تک حکمران رہے۔ {cite:wikipedia-salim-al-mubarak-al-sabah-ar}" }, { "heading": "زندگی اور عہد", "markdown": "سالم 1864ء میں کویت میں پیدا ہوئے؛ وہ 1915–1917ء میں کویت شہر کے والی اور کویت کے رسالے و پیادہ فوج کے سالار رہے، اور انگریزی مضمون کے مطابق 1920ء کی جہرہ کی لڑائی میں سپہ سالاری ان کے ہاتھ رہی۔ {cite:wikipedia-salim-al-mubarak-al-sabah-en} عربی مضمون ان کے عہد کے نمایاں واقعات میں کویت کی تیسری فصیل کی تعمیر، 1919ء کی حمض کی لڑائی اور 1920ء کی جہرہ کی لڑائی شمار کرتی ہے، جس میں کویت کو اخوان کے حملے کا سامنا ہوا۔ {cite:wikipedia-salim-al-mubarak-al-sabah-ar} ان کی وفات پر بھتیجے احمد الجابر حکمران بنے، اور ان کے بیٹوں عبد اللہ السالم و صباح السالم بعد میں کویت کے گیارہویں و بارہویں امیر بنے۔ {cite:wikipedia-salim-al-mubarak-al-sabah-ar} {cite:wikipedia-salim-al-mubarak-al-sabah-en}" }, { "heading": "موقف و نقد", "markdown": "یہ حصہ ماخذوں میں منقول مواقف کی پیش کش کے طور پر پڑھا جائے، عجائب گھر کا فیصلہ نہیں۔\n\nان کی وفات کا دن ماخذوں میں مختلف ہے، اور یہ اختلاف بیان کیا جاتا ہے: تینوں مضامین 23 فروری 1921ء دیتے ہیں، جبکہ وکی ڈیٹا 22 فروری 1921ء درج کرتا ہے؛ ریکارڈ میں 23 فروری کو متنازع کے طور پر درج کیا گیا ہے۔ {cite:wikipedia-salim-al-mubarak-al-sabah-en} {cite:wikidata-salim-al-mubarak-al-sabah} ان کے مذہب کا مسلک ریکارڈ میں نامعلوم ہے: تینوں مضامین ان کے لیے کوئی مذہب یا مسلک بیان نہیں کرتے اور وکی ڈیٹا کے پاس ان کے لیے مذہب کی کوئی قدر موجود ہی نہیں۔ {cite:wikipedia-salim-al-mubarak-al-sabah-ar} {cite:wikidata-salim-al-mubarak-al-sabah}" }, { "heading": "حوالہ جات", "markdown": "- اوپر حوالہ دیے گئے معرّف ماخذ، جو `data/source/` میں درج ہیں۔\n- اس مضمون کی بعد کی ترجمہ و تدوین کو واضح تواریخ کے ساتھ دورانی جائزے کی ضرورت ہے۔" } ], "frontmatter": { "id": "person/salim-al-mubarak-al-sabah", "lang": "ur", "source_lang": "ar", "translators": [] }, "updated": "2026-10-25" } }, "degree": 4, "contemporaries": [ "person/abadi-bano-begum", "person/abdurreshid-ibrahim", "person/ahmad-al-hamlawi", "person/ahmad-rasim", "person/ahmed-cevdet-oran", "person/ahmed-raza-khan-barelvi", "person/ahmed-riza", "person/akbar-allahabadi", "person/ali-hajji-of-akusha", "person/alimardan-topchubashev", "person/alladiya-khan", "person/amadou-bamba" ], "updated": "2026-10-25", "connections": [ { "to": "person/mubarak-al-sabah", "type": "child_of", "inverse": false, "note": "He was the second son of Mubarak Al-Sabah (English and Arabic articles; Wikidata father Q388730), by Sheikha Duaij Al-Sabah (Arabic article); the edge is written here, in the son's record, and his father's record carries none back.", "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-salim-al-mubarak-al-sabah-en", "source/wikipedia-salim-al-mubarak-al-sabah-ar", "source/wikidata-salim-al-mubarak-al-sabah" ] }, { "to": "group/al-sabah", "type": "member_of", "inverse": false, "note": "Ninth ruler of the house and progenitor of its Al-Salim branch, from which the later emirs Abdullah and Sabah came (English article); the edge is written to the house group as the museum models it.", "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-salim-al-mubarak-al-sabah-en", "source/wikipedia-salim-al-mubarak-al-sabah-ar" ] } ], "related": [ "person/jaber-ii-al-sabah", "group/al-sabah", "person/mubarak-al-sabah", "person/jaber-al-ahmad-al-sabah", "person/mishal-al-ahmad-al-jaber-al-sabah", "person/nawaf-al-ahmad-al-jaber-al-sabah", "person/sabah-al-ahmad-al-jaber-al-sabah" ], "license": { "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "data": "CC0 1.0" } }