{ "id": "place/istanbul", "class": "place", "slug": "istanbul", "label": { "en": "Istanbul", "ar": "إسطنبول" }, "summary": { "en": "City formerly known as Constantinople, conquered by Mehmed II in 1453 and capital of the Ottoman Empire.", "ar": "مدينة كانت تُعرف بالقسطنطينية، فتحها محمد الفاتح سنة 1453م، وكانت عاصمة الدولة العثمانية." }, "stub": false, "wings": [ "place" ], "regions": [ "anatolia-balkans" ], "periods": [], "tags": [], "aliases": [], "themes": [], "coordinates": [ 41.0138, 28.9497 ], "data": { "kind": "city", "coordinates": [ 41.0138, 28.9497 ], "coordinate_precision": "site", "external_ids": { "wikidata": "Q406", "geonames": "745044" }, "sources": [ "source/geonames-gazetteer" ], "education": { "did_you_know": { "ar": "إسطنبول القسطنطينية سابقاً فتحها محمد الفاتح سنة ١٤٥٣م، فكانت عاصمة الدولة العثمانية.", "en": "Istanbul, once Constantinople, was taken by Mehmed al-Fatih in 1453 CE and became the Ottoman capital.", "ur": "استنبول پہلے قسطنطنیہ تھا جسے محمد فاتح نے 1453ء میں فتح کیا اور وہ عثمانی دارالحکومت بنا۔", "sources": [ "source/geonames-gazetteer", "source/dawlat-uthmaniyya-salabi" ] }, "levels": [ "sprouts", "explorers", "scholars" ], "flagged_for_kids": true, "provenance": { "generated_by": "Devin", "model": "gemini-2.5-pro", "run": "education-E2-batch3", "note": "Leveled texts drafted from the record's own summary and prose; draft, pending the founder's review and scholar review of the child levels." } }, "status": { "review": "draft", "completeness": 1, "generated_by": "Claude Sonnet 5.5; coordinates from GeoNames; descriptive facts to be checked against reference works" }, "provenance": { "layer": "own-research", "source": "education fact engine batch 3 — did_you_know fact drafted in three languages from the record's own cited sources", "generated_by": "Devin", "model": "unknown", "run": "education-E3-facts-batch3" } }, "prose": { "ar": { "sections": [ { "heading": "نبذة", "markdown": "مدينة كانت تُعرف بالقسطنطينية، فتحها محمد الفاتح سنة 1453م، وكانت عاصمة الدولة العثمانية." }, { "heading": "الموقع", "markdown": "إحداثياته التقريبية 41.0138 شمالًا و28.9497 شرقًا {cite:geonames-gazetteer}." }, { "heading": "في المتحف", "markdown": "تضم مواد المتحف عن هذا المكان: المباني فيه: 3.\n\n### المباني فيه\n- [[building/eyup-sultan-mosque|جامع أيوب سلطان]] (1458م)\n- [[building/hagia-sophia|آيا صوفيا]] (532م)\n- [[building/new-mosque-istanbul|يني جامع]] (1597م)" }, { "heading": "ما تغطيه هذه الصفحة", "markdown": "هذه الصفحة جامعة لما يربطه المتحف بالمكان من أحداث وأشخاص ومبانٍ، وليست وصفًا تاريخيًّا كاملًا له؛ ويُضاف وصف المكان وتاريخه من المصادر الأصلية مع الدفعات القادمة." }, { "heading": "للبراعم", "markdown": "إسطنبول مدينة جميلة تربط بين قارتين على مضيق البوسفور، وتشتهر بمساجدها ذات المآذن العالية والقباب الرائعة." }, { "heading": "للمستكشفين", "markdown": "إسطنبول، التي كانت تُعرف بالقسطنطينية، مدينة تاريخية فريدة تقع بين آسيا وأوروبا عبر مضيق البوسفور. فتحها السلطان محمد الفاتح سنة 857 للهجرة واتخذها عاصمة للدولة العثمانية. تزينت بالمعالم الخالدة مثل جامع السلطان أحمد وجامع السليمانية وقصر توبكابي، وصارت منارة للثقافة والتجارة والخط العربي." }, { "heading": "للدارسين", "markdown": "الحاضرة الإمبراطورية العريقة التي تصل بين قارتي أوروبا وآسيا عبر مضيق البوسفور بين البحر الأسود وبحر مرمرة. كانت عاصمة للإمبراطورية الرومانية والبيزنطية باسم القسطنطينية لأكثر من ألف عام حتى فتحها السلطان العثماني محمد الثاني «الفاتح» سنة 857هـ (1453م)، فغدت عاصمة الدولة العثمانية ومقراً للخلافة الإسلامية حتى القرن العشرين. شهدت نهضة معمارية وعمرانية فذة في عهد سليمان القانوني بفضل المعمار سنان الذي شيد جامع السليمانية، وضمت مجمعات قصر توبكابي وآيا صوفيا وجامع السلطان أحمد والمكتبات الوقفية الغنية بنفائس المخطوطات، مجسدة نقطة التقاء حضارية فريدة بين الشرق والغرب." } ], "frontmatter": { "id": "place/istanbul", "lang": "ar", "source_lang": "ar", "translators": [] }, "updated": "2026-10-23" }, "en": { "sections": [ { "heading": "Summary", "markdown": "A city that was known as Constantinople. Mehmed the Conqueror took it in 1453 CE, and it was the capital of the Ottoman state." }, { "heading": "Location", "markdown": "Its approximate coordinates are 41.0138 north and 28.9497 east. {cite:geonames-gazetteer}" }, { "heading": "In the museum", "markdown": "The museum's material on this place includes buildings: 3.\n\n### Buildings here\n- [[building/eyup-sultan-mosque|Eyup Sultan Mosque]] (1458 CE)\n- [[building/hagia-sophia|Hagia Sophia]] (532 CE)\n- [[building/new-mosque-istanbul|The New Mosque]] (1597 CE)" }, { "heading": "What this page covers", "markdown": "This page gathers what the museum links to the place: events, people and buildings. It is not a full historical description of the place. The description and history of the place, from the original sources, will be added in the next batches." }, { "heading": "For Sprouts", "markdown": "Istanbul is a beautiful city bridging two continents across the Bosphorus, famous for its grand domed mosques and soaring minarets." }, { "heading": "For Explorers", "markdown": "Istanbul, historically known as Constantinople, is a city spanning Asia and Europe across the Bosphorus. Opened by Sultan Mehmed II in 857 AH, it served as the capital of the Ottoman Empire. Graced by timeless monuments like the Blue Mosque, the Suleymaniye, and Topkapi Palace, it flourished as a center of commerce, culture, and calligraphy." }, { "heading": "For Scholars", "markdown": "The storied imperial capital straddling Europe and Asia across the Bosphorus Strait between the Black Sea and the Sea of Marmara. Serving as the Byzantine capital Constantinople for over a millennium, it was conquered in 857 AH (1453 CE) by Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II, becoming the administrative seat and caliphal capital of the Ottoman Empire until 1922 CE. It achieved exceptional architectural brilliance during the reign of Suleiman the Magnificent through master architect Mimar Sinan, featuring iconic landmarks like the Suleymaniye Mosque, Topkapi Palace, the Blue Mosque, and rich waqf manuscript libraries bridging East and West." } ], "frontmatter": { "id": "place/istanbul", "lang": "en", "source_lang": "ar", "translators": [ "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation" ] }, "updated": "2026-10-23" }, "ur": { "sections": [ { "heading": "خلاصہ", "markdown": "یہ شہر قسطنطنیہ کے نام سے جانا جاتا تھا۔ اسے محمد الفاتح نے سن 1453ء میں فتح کیا، اور یہ عثمانی سلطنت کا دار الحکومت تھا۔" }, { "heading": "محلِ وقوع", "markdown": "اس کے تقریبی محددات 41.0138 شمال اور 28.9497 مشرق ہیں {cite:geonames-gazetteer}۔" }, { "heading": "میوزیم میں", "markdown": "میوزیم کے مواد میں اس مقام کے بارے میں: یہاں کی عمارات: 3۔\n\n### یہاں کی عمارات\n- [[building/eyup-sultan-mosque|جامع ایوب سلطان]] (1458ء)\n- [[building/hagia-sophia|آیا صوفیا]] (532ء)\n- [[building/new-mosque-istanbul|ینی جامع]] (1597ء)" }, { "heading": "یہ صفحہ کیا احاطہ کرتا ہے", "markdown": "یہ صفحہ وہ سب کچھ یکجا کرتا ہے جو میوزیم اس مقام کے ساتھ واقعات، شخصیات اور عمارات کے حوالے سے جوڑتا ہے۔ یہ اس کی مکمل تاریخی تفصیل نہیں ہے؛ مقام کی وضاحت اور تاریخ اصل ماخذوں سے آئندہ کھیپ کے ساتھ شامل کی جائے گی۔" }, { "heading": "کونپلوں کے لیے", "markdown": "استنبول آبنائے باسفورس پر دو براعظموں کو جوڑنے والا ایک خوبصورت شہر ہے، جو بلند میناروں اور شاندار گنبدوں والی مساجد کے لیے مشہور ہے۔" }, { "heading": "مہم جوؤں کے لیے", "markdown": "استنبول، جسے تاریخی طور پر قسطنطنیہ کہا جاتا تھا، ایشیا اور یورپ کے درمیان آبنائے باسفورس پر واقع ایک منفرد شہر ہے۔ 857 ہجری میں سلطان محمد فاتح نے اسے فتح کیا اور عثمانی سلطنت کا دار الحکومت بنایا۔ یہ نیلی مسجد، سلیمانیہ مسجد اور توپ قاپی محل جیسی یادگاروں اور خطاطی و تجارت کے مراکز سے مزین ہے۔" }, { "heading": "طالبِ علم کے لیے", "markdown": "یورپ اور ایشیا کے سنگم پر بحیرہ اسود اور بحیرہ مرمرہ کے درمیان آبنائے باسفورس پر واقع تاریخی دار الحکومت۔ ایک ہزار سال تک بازنطینی دار الحکومت قسطنطنیہ رہنے کے بعد، 857 ہجری (1453 عیسوی) میں سلطان محمد فاتح کے ہاتھوں فتح ہوا اور عثمانی سلطنت و خلافت کا عظیم مرکز بنا۔ سلیمان قانونی کے دور میں معمار سنان کی تعمیر کردہ سلیمانیہ مسجد، توپ قاپی محل، نیلی مسجد اور نایاب کتب خانوں نے اسے مشرق و مغرب کا عظیم ثقافتی پل بنا دیا۔" } ], "frontmatter": { "id": "place/istanbul", "lang": "ur", "source_lang": "ar", "translators": [ "Claude Haiku 5.5 (claude-haiku-5-5), draft translation" ] }, "updated": "2026-10-23" } }, "degree": 316, "contemporaries": [], "updated": "2026-10-25", "connections": [ { "to": "person/abdullah-al-nadim", "type": "death_place_of", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-abdullah-al-nadim-en", "source/wikipedia-abdullah-al-nadim-ar" ] }, { "to": "person/abdullah-al-nadim", "type": "burial_place_of", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-abdullah-al-nadim-en" ] }, { "to": "person/abdullah-cevdet", "type": "death_place_of", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-abdullah-cevdet-en", "source/wikipedia-abdullah-cevdet-tr", "source/wikidata-abdullah-cevdet" ] }, { "to": "person/abdulmecid-ii", "type": "birthplace_of", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-abdulmecid-ii-en", "source/wikipedia-abdulmecid-ii-tr" ] }, { "to": "person/abdurauf-fitrat", "type": "home_of", "inverse": true, "note": "Studied in Istanbul in the early 1910s, attending the Vaizin madrasah founded in December 1912, where contact with Islamic reformism shaped his early essays.", "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-fitrat-en" ] }, { "to": "person/abdyl-frasheri", "type": "home_of", "inverse": true, "note": "Based in Istanbul from 1877 as chairman of the Central Committee for Defending Albanian Rights, and again from his release in 1886 until his death there in 1892.", "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-abdyl-frasheri-en", "source/wikipedia-abdyl-frasheri-sq" ] }, { "to": "person/abdyl-frasheri", "type": "death_place_of", "inverse": true, "note": "Died at Istanbul on 23 October 1892 (German and Turkish articles and Wikidata: 11 October 1892 — see the died note).", "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-abdyl-frasheri-sq", "source/wikidata-abdyl-frasheri" ] }, { "to": "person/ahmed-cevdet-oran", "type": "birthplace_of", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-ahmet-cevdet-oran-en", "source/wikipedia-ahmet-cevdet-oran-tr", "source/wikidata-ahmet-cevdet-oran" ] }, { "to": "person/ahmed-cevdet-pasha", "type": "death_place_of", "inverse": true, "note": "He died in Constantinople on 25 May 1895 by the English article (Turkish article: 26 May; Wikidata place of death Istanbul, Q406).", "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-ahmed-cevdet-pasha-en", "source/wikipedia-ahmed-cevdet-pasha-tr", "source/wikidata-ahmed-cevdet-pasha" ] }, { "to": "person/ahmed-riza", "type": "birthplace_of", "inverse": true, "note": "He was born in Istanbul in 1858 by the English and Turkish articles (Arabic stub and Wikidata: 1859).", "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-ahmed-riza-en", "source/wikipedia-ahmed-riza-tr", "source/wikidata-ahmed-riza" ] }, { "to": "person/ahmed-riza", "type": "death_place_of", "inverse": true, "note": "He died in Istanbul on 26 February 1930 (English, Turkish and Arabic articles; Wikidata place of death Istanbul, Q406).", "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-ahmed-riza-en", "source/wikipedia-ahmed-riza-tr", "source/wikidata-ahmed-riza" ] }, { "to": "person/ahmet-agaoglu", "type": "death_place_of", "inverse": true, "note": "He died at Istanbul on 19 May 1939.", "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-ahmet-agaoglu-en", "source/wikidata-ahmet-agaoglu" ] }, { "to": "person/ahmet-davutoglu", "type": "home_of", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-ahmet-davutoglu-en" ] }, { "to": "person/ali-bach-hamba", "type": "death_place_of", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-ali-bach-hamba-ar", "source/wikipedia-ali-bach-hamba-fr" ] }, { "to": "person/ali-fuat-cebesoy", "type": "birthplace_of", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-ali-fuat-cebesoy-en", "source/wikipedia-ali-fuat-cebesoy-tr" ] }, { "to": "person/ali-fuat-cebesoy", "type": "death_place_of", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-ali-fuat-cebesoy-en", "source/wikipedia-ali-fuat-cebesoy-tr" ] }, { "to": "person/ali-suavi", "type": "birthplace_of", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-ali-suavi-en", "source/wikipedia-ali-suavi-tr", "source/wikidata-ali-suavi" ] }, { "to": "person/ali-suavi", "type": "death_place_of", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-ali-suavi-en", "source/wikipedia-ali-suavi-tr", "source/wikidata-ali-suavi" ] }, { "to": "person/atiya-fyzee", "type": "birthplace_of", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-atiya-fyzee-en", "source/wikipedia-atiya-fyzee-ur" ] }, { "to": "person/ayaz-ishaki", "type": "burial_place_of", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-ayaz-ishaki-en", "source/wikipedia-ayaz-ishaki-ru" ] }, { "to": "person/behbud-khan-javanshir", "type": "death_place_of", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-behbud-khan-javanshir-en", "source/wikipedia-behbud-khan-javanshir-az" ] }, { "to": "person/bulent-ersoy", "type": "birthplace_of", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-bulent-ersoy-en", "source/wikidata-bulent-ersoy" ] }, { "to": "person/burhan-al-hasib", "type": "burial_place_of", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/shadharat-dhahab" ] }, { "to": "person/cafer-seydamet-kirimer", "type": "death_place_of", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-cafer-seydamet-kirimer-en", "source/wikipedia-cafer-seydamet-kirimer-tr" ] }, { "to": "person/cafer-seydamet-kirimer", "type": "burial_place_of", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-cafer-seydamet-kirimer-tr" ] }, { "to": "person/cahit-arf", "type": "death_place_of", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-cahit-arf-en", "source/wikipedia-cahit-arf-tr" ] }, { "to": "person/cenap-sahabettin", "type": "death_place_of", "inverse": true, "note": "He died at Istanbul on 12 February 1934 (Turkish article and English infobox; Wikidata place of death Istanbul, Q406).", "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-cenap-sahabettin-en", "source/wikipedia-cenap-sahabettin-tr", "source/wikidata-cenap-sahabettin" ] }, { "to": "person/deli-fuad-pasha", "type": "death_place_of", "inverse": true, "note": "He died at Istanbul (Eyüpsultan) on 17 April 1931.", "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-deli-fuad-pasha-en", "source/wikipedia-deli-fuad-pasha-tr" ] }, { "to": "person/deli-fuad-pasha", "type": "burial_place_of", "inverse": true, "note": "The Turkish article places his grave at Eyüp Sultan in Istanbul.", "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-deli-fuad-pasha-tr" ] }, { "to": "person/ebru-gundes", "type": "birthplace_of", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-ebru-gundes-en", "source/wikidata-ebru-gundes" ] }, { "to": "person/ebuzziya-tevfik", "type": "birthplace_of", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-ebuzziya-tevfik-en", "source/wikipedia-ebuzziya-tevfik-tr", "source/wikidata-ebuzziya-tevfik" ] }, { "to": "person/ebuzziya-tevfik", "type": "death_place_of", "inverse": true, "note": "The Turkish infobox specifies Kadikoy, Istanbul.", "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-ebuzziya-tevfik-tr", "source/wikidata-ebuzziya-tevfik" ] }, { "to": "person/edhem-pasha", "type": "burial_place_of", "inverse": true, "note": "His body was brought from Egypt and buried at Eyüp Cemetery in Istanbul.", "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-edhem-pasha-en", "source/wikipedia-edhem-pasha-tr" ] }, { "to": "person/emine-erdogan", "type": "birthplace_of", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-emine-erdogan-en", "source/wikipedia-emine-erdogan-ar" ] }, { "to": "person/enver-pasha", "type": "birthplace_of", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-enver-pasha-en", "source/wikipedia-enver-pasha-tr" ] }, { "to": "person/enver-pasha", "type": "burial_place_of", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-enver-pasha-en", "source/wikipedia-enver-pasha-tr" ] }, { "to": "person/fahreddin-pasha", "type": "burial_place_of", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-fahreddin-pasha-en", "source/wikipedia-fahreddin-pasha-tr" ] }, { "to": "person/fatma-aliye-topuz", "type": "birthplace_of", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-fatma-aliye-topuz-en", "source/wikidata-fatma-aliye-topuz" ] }, { "to": "person/fatma-aliye-topuz", "type": "home_of", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-fatma-aliye-topuz-en", "source/wikipedia-fatma-aliye-topuz-ar" ] }, { "to": "person/fatma-aliye-topuz", "type": "death_place_of", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-fatma-aliye-topuz-en", "source/wikidata-fatma-aliye-topuz" ] }, { "to": "person/fevzi-cakmak", "type": "birthplace_of", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-fevzi-cakmak-en", "source/wikipedia-fevzi-cakmak-tr" ] }, { "to": "person/fevzi-cakmak", "type": "death_place_of", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-fevzi-cakmak-en", "source/wikipedia-fevzi-cakmak-tr" ] }, { "to": "person/fevzi-cakmak", "type": "burial_place_of", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-fevzi-cakmak-en", "source/wikipedia-fevzi-cakmak-tr" ] }, { "to": "person/feza-gursey", "type": "birthplace_of", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-feza-gursey-en", "source/wikipedia-feza-gursey-tr" ] }, { "to": "person/feza-gursey", "type": "burial_place_of", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-feza-gursey-tr" ] }, { "to": "person/gazi-osman-pasha", "type": "death_place_of", "inverse": true, "note": "He died at Istanbul on the night of 4–5 April 1900.", "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-gazi-osman-pasha-en", "source/wikipedia-gazi-osman-pasha-tr" ] }, { "to": "person/gazi-osman-pasha", "type": "burial_place_of", "inverse": true, "note": "He was buried beside the Fatih Mosque in Istanbul, in a tomb commissioned by Abdul Hamid II.", "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-gazi-osman-pasha-en", "source/wikipedia-gazi-osman-pasha-tr" ] }, { "to": "person/halide-edib-adivar", "type": "birthplace_of", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-halide-edib-adivar-en", "source/wikidata-halide-edib-adivar" ] }, { "to": "person/halide-edib-adivar", "type": "death_place_of", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-halide-edib-adivar-en", "source/wikipedia-halide-edib-adivar-ar" ] }, { "to": "person/halide-edib-adivar", "type": "home_of", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-halide-edib-adivar-en" ] }, { "to": "person/halit-ziya-usakligil", "type": "birthplace_of", "inverse": true, "note": "He was born at Istanbul in 1866 (English, Turkish and Arabic articles; Wikidata place of birth Istanbul, Q406).", "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-halit-ziya-usakligil-en", "source/wikidata-halit-ziya-usakligil" ] }, { "to": "person/halit-ziya-usakligil", "type": "death_place_of", "inverse": true, "note": "He died at Istanbul on 27 March 1945 (English and Turkish articles; Wikidata place of death Istanbul, Q406).", "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-halit-ziya-usakligil-en", "source/wikidata-halit-ziya-usakligil" ] }, { "to": "person/hasan-rami-pasha", "type": "death_place_of", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-hasan-rami-pasha-en", "source/wikidata-hasan-rami-pasha" ] }, { "to": "person/hasan-riza-efendi", "type": "birthplace_of", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-hasan-riza-efendi-ar", "source/tdv-hasan-riza-efendi" ] }, { "to": "person/hasan-riza-efendi", "type": "death_place_of", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/tdv-hasan-riza-efendi" ] }, { "to": "person/huseyin-hilmi-pasha", "type": "burial_place_of", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-huseyin-hilmi-pasha-en" ] }, { "to": "person/huseyin-rauf-orbay", "type": "birthplace_of", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-huseyin-rauf-orbay-en", "source/wikipedia-huseyin-rauf-orbay-tr" ] }, { "to": "person/huseyin-rauf-orbay", "type": "death_place_of", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-huseyin-rauf-orbay-en", "source/wikipedia-huseyin-rauf-orbay-tr" ] }, { "to": "person/huseyin-rauf-orbay", "type": "burial_place_of", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-huseyin-rauf-orbay-en", "source/wikipedia-huseyin-rauf-orbay-tr" ] }, { "to": "person/hussein-bin-ali-al-hashimi", "type": "birthplace_of", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-hussein-bin-ali-en", "source/wikipedia-hussein-bin-ali-fr", "source/wikidata-hussein-bin-ali" ] }, { "to": "person/ibrahim-edhem-pasha", "type": "death_place_of", "inverse": true, "note": "He died at Istanbul in March 1893 (Turkish article: 20 March; Wikidata place of death Istanbul, Q406).", "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-ibrahim-edhem-pasha-tr", "source/wikidata-ibrahim-edhem-pasha" ] }, { "to": "person/ibrahim-sinasi", "type": "birthplace_of", "inverse": true, "note": "He was born at Istanbul (English and Turkish articles; Wikidata birthplace Istanbul, Q406).", "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-ibrahim-sinasi-en", "source/wikipedia-ibrahim-sinasi-tr", "source/wikidata-ibrahim-sinasi" ] }, { "to": "person/ibrahim-sinasi", "type": "death_place_of", "inverse": true, "note": "He died at Istanbul on 13 September 1871 (English and Turkish articles; Wikidata place of death Istanbul, Q406).", "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-ibrahim-sinasi-en", "source/wikipedia-ibrahim-sinasi-tr", "source/wikidata-ibrahim-sinasi" ] }, { "to": "person/isa-alptekin", "type": "death_place_of", "inverse": true, "note": "He died at Istanbul on 17 December 1995 and was buried at Topkapı Cemetery there.", "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-isa-alptekin-en", "source/wikidata-isa-alptekin" ] }, { "to": "person/isa-alptekin", "type": "home_of", "inverse": true, "note": "After 1949 he lived in exile in Turkey, settling at Istanbul, from where he led the East Turkestan independence cause for the rest of his life.", "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-isa-alptekin-en" ] }, { "to": "person/kazim-karabekir", "type": "birthplace_of", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-kazim-karabekir-en", "source/wikipedia-kazim-karabekir-tr" ] }, { "to": "person/kececizade-fuad-pasha", "type": "birthplace_of", "inverse": true, "note": "He was born in Constantinople in 1814 (English, Turkish and Arabic articles; Wikidata birthplace Istanbul, Q406).", "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-kececizade-fuad-pasha-en", "source/wikipedia-kececizade-fuad-pasha-tr", "source/wikidata-kececizade-fuad-pasha" ] }, { "to": "person/leyla-saz", "type": "birthplace_of", "inverse": true, "note": "She was born at Istanbul in 1850 (Turkish article, infobox and text; Arabic article; Wikidata place of birth Istanbul, Q406).", "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-leyla-saz-tr", "source/wikidata-leyla-saz" ] }, { "to": "person/leyla-saz", "type": "death_place_of", "inverse": true, "note": "She died at Istanbul on 6 December 1936 (English, Turkish and Arabic articles; Wikidata place of death Istanbul, Q406).", "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-leyla-saz-en", "source/wikidata-leyla-saz" ] }, { "to": "person/mahmud-shevket-pasha", "type": "death_place_of", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-mahmud-shevket-pasha-en", "source/wikipedia-mahmud-shevket-pasha-tr" ] }, { "to": "person/mahmud-tarzi", "type": "death_place_of", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-mahmud-tarzi-en", "source/wikidata-mahmud-tarzi" ] }, { "to": "person/mahmud-tarzi", "type": "burial_place_of", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-mahmud-tarzi-en" ] }, { "to": "person/mammed-amin-rasulzade", "type": "home_of", "inverse": true, "note": "Exile base in Istanbul from late 1922, per the Azerbaijani article: he began his activity in Istanbul at the end of 1922 and from 16 September 1923 edited the journal Yeni Kafkasya (New Caucasus) there, until the Turkish government banned it in 1927 at Moscow's demand. The English article confirms the Turkish exile and his editorship of Yeni Kafkasya in 1923–1927. Direction: this edge is written once, in Rasulzade's own record, pointing from him to Istanbul as a place he lived in.", "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-mammed-amin-rasulzade-az", "source/wikipedia-mammed-amin-rasulzade-en" ] }, { "to": "person/mehmed-emin-ali-pasha", "type": "birthplace_of", "inverse": true, "note": "He was born in Constantinople on 5 March 1815, in the Mercanağa quarter according to the Turkish article's infobox (English and Arabic articles; Wikidata birthplace Istanbul, Q406).", "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-mehmed-emin-ali-pasha-en", "source/wikipedia-mehmed-emin-ali-pasha-tr", "source/wikidata-mehmed-emin-ali-pasha" ] }, { "to": "person/mehmed-emin-ali-pasha", "type": "death_place_of", "inverse": true, "note": "He died in Constantinople on 7 September 1871 (English, Turkish and Arabic articles; Wikidata place of death Istanbul, Q406).", "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-mehmed-emin-ali-pasha-en", "source/wikipedia-mehmed-emin-ali-pasha-tr", "source/wikidata-mehmed-emin-ali-pasha" ] }, { "to": "person/mehmed-ii", "type": "ruled_by", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/dawlat-uthmaniyya-salabi" ] }, { "to": "person/mehmed-ii", "type": "death_place_of", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/dawlat-uthmaniyya-salabi" ] }, { "to": "person/mizanci-murad", "type": "death_place_of", "inverse": true, "note": "At his yalı at Anadolu Hisarı.", "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-mizanci-murad-tr", "source/wikidata-mizanci-murad" ] }, { "to": "person/mustafa-shokay", "type": "home_of", "inverse": true, "note": "After the fall of Transcaucasia in February 1921 Shokay emigrated to Istanbul and wrote there for The Times and the Turkish press, before moving to Paris in the summer of 1921; the English article attests the residence.", "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-shokay-en" ] }, { "to": "person/naim-frasheri", "type": "home_of", "inverse": true, "note": "Settled in Istanbul in 1882 and lived there until his death in 1900, holding posts at the Ministry of Education and chairing its inspection and censorship commission.", "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-naim-frasheri-sq", "source/wikipedia-naim-frasheri-en" ] }, { "to": "person/naim-frasheri", "type": "death_place_of", "inverse": true, "note": "Died at his home in Kızıl Toprak, Kadıköy, Istanbul, on 20 October 1900.", "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-naim-frasheri-sq", "source/wikidata-naim-frasheri" ] }, { "to": "person/namik-kemal", "type": "home_of", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-namik-kemal-en" ] }, { "to": "person/nasib-bey-yusifbeyli", "type": "home_of", "inverse": true, "note": "Resident in Istanbul from 1908, where he worked as a publicist and founded the Turkic Society, before returning to Ganja in 1909, per the English article; the Arabic article confirms the Istanbul period and the Society's founding. Direction: this edge is written once, in Yusifbeyli's own record, pointing from him to Istanbul as a place he lived in.", "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-nasib-bey-yusifbeyli-en", "source/wikipedia-nasib-bey-yusifbeyli-ar" ] }, { "to": "person/nazli-fazl", "type": "birthplace_of", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-nazli-fazl-fr", "source/wikidata-nazli-fazl" ] }, { "to": "person/necip-fazil-kisakurek", "type": "birthplace_of", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-necip-fazil-kisakurek-en" ] }, { "to": "person/necip-fazil-kisakurek", "type": "home_of", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-necip-fazil-kisakurek-en" ] }, { "to": "person/nigar-hanim", "type": "birthplace_of", "inverse": true, "note": "She was born at Istanbul (English, Turkish and Urdu articles; Wikidata place of birth Istanbul, Q406).", "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-nigar-hanim-en", "source/wikidata-nigar-hanim" ] }, { "to": "person/nigar-hanim", "type": "death_place_of", "inverse": true, "note": "She died at Istanbul on 1 April 1918 (English and Turkish articles; Wikidata place of death Istanbul, Q406).", "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-nigar-hanim-en", "source/wikidata-nigar-hanim" ] }, { "to": "person/nuri-bilge-ceylan", "type": "birthplace_of", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-nuri-bilge-ceylan-en" ] }, { "to": "person/nuri-bilge-ceylan", "type": "home_of", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-nuri-bilge-ceylan-en" ] }, { "to": "person/nuri-killigil", "type": "death_place_of", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-nuri-killigil-en", "source/wikipedia-nuri-killigil-tr" ] }, { "to": "person/nuri-killigil", "type": "burial_place_of", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-nuri-killigil-tr", "source/wikidata-nuri-killigil" ] }, { "to": "person/omer-rustu-pasha", "type": "death_place_of", "inverse": true, "note": "He died at Istanbul on 23 July 1922.", "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-omer-rustu-pasha-tr" ] }, { "to": "person/omer-rustu-pasha", "type": "burial_place_of", "inverse": true, "note": "He was buried in Maçka Cemetery, Istanbul.", "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-omer-rustu-pasha-tr" ] }, { "to": "person/omer-seyfettin", "type": "death_place_of", "inverse": true, "note": "He died at Istanbul on 6 March 1920 (English, Turkish and Arabic articles; Wikidata place of death Istanbul, Q406).", "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-omer-seyfettin-en", "source/wikidata-omer-seyfettin" ] }, { "to": "person/orhan-pamuk", "type": "birthplace_of", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-orhan-pamuk-en", "source/nobelprize-orhan-pamuk-facts" ] }, { "to": "person/orhan-pamuk", "type": "home_of", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-orhan-pamuk-en" ] }, { "to": "person/osman-hamdi-bey", "type": "birthplace_of", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-osman-hamdi-bey-en", "source/wikidata-osman-hamdi-bey" ] }, { "to": "person/osman-hamdi-bey", "type": "death_place_of", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-osman-hamdi-bey-en", "source/wikidata-osman-hamdi-bey" ] }, { "to": "person/osman-hamdi-bey", "type": "home_of", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-osman-hamdi-bey-en" ] }, { "to": "person/prince-sabahaddin", "type": "birthplace_of", "inverse": true, "note": "He was born at Istanbul on 13 February 1879 (English and Turkish articles; Wikidata birthplace Istanbul, Q406).", "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-prince-sabahaddin-en", "source/wikipedia-prince-sabahaddin-tr", "source/wikidata-prince-sabahaddin" ] }, { "to": "person/rashid-pasha-mustafa", "type": "birthplace_of", "inverse": true, "note": "He was born in Istanbul (Constantinople) on 13 March 1800 (English, Turkish, Urdu and Arabic articles; Wikidata birthplace Istanbul, Q406).", "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-mustafa-resid-pasha-en", "source/wikipedia-mustafa-resid-pasha-tr", "source/wikidata-mustafa-resid-pasha" ] }, { "to": "person/rashid-pasha-mustafa", "type": "death_place_of", "inverse": true, "note": "He died in Istanbul on 7 January 1858 (English, Turkish and Urdu articles; Wikidata place of death Istanbul, Q406).", "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-mustafa-resid-pasha-en", "source/wikipedia-mustafa-resid-pasha-tr", "source/wikidata-mustafa-resid-pasha" ] }, { "to": "person/recep-tayyip-erdogan", "type": "birthplace_of", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-recep-tayyip-erdogan-en" ] }, { "to": "person/recep-tayyip-erdogan", "type": "home_of", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-recep-tayyip-erdogan-en" ] }, { "to": "person/refet-bele", "type": "death_place_of", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-refet-bele-en", "source/wikipedia-refet-bele-tr" ] }, { "to": "person/refet-bele", "type": "burial_place_of", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-refet-bele-en", "source/wikipedia-refet-bele-tr" ] }, { "to": "person/sadri-maksudi-arsal", "type": "death_place_of", "inverse": true, "note": "He died at Istanbul on 20 February 1957.", "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-sadri-maksudi-arsal-en", "source/wikipedia-sadri-maksudi-arsal-tr" ] }, { "to": "person/said-halim-pasha", "type": "home_of", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-said-halim-pasha-en", "source/tdv-said-halim-pasha" ] }, { "to": "person/said-nursi", "type": "home_of", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-said-nursi-en" ] }, { "to": "person/sami-efendi", "type": "birthplace_of", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/tdv-sami-efendi", "source/wikipedia-sami-efendi-en" ] }, { "to": "person/sami-efendi", "type": "death_place_of", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/tdv-sami-efendi" ] }, { "to": "person/sami-frasheri", "type": "home_of", "inverse": true, "note": "Came to Istanbul in 1872 and lived there for the rest of his life, in Ottoman service and journalism.", "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-sami-frasheri-en" ] }, { "to": "person/sami-frasheri", "type": "death_place_of", "inverse": true, "note": "Died at his home in Erenköy, Istanbul, on 18 June 1904.", "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-sami-frasheri-en", "source/wikidata-sami-frasheri" ] }, { "to": "person/sayyid-fadl-ibn-alawi", "type": "death_place_of", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/abu-manneh-sayyid-fadl-pasha", "source/jacob-for-god-or-empire-2019", "source/wikipedia-fazal-pookoya-thangal-en" ] }, { "to": "person/sefika-gasprinskaya", "type": "death_place_of", "inverse": true, "note": "She died at Istanbul on 31 August 1975.", "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-sefika-gasprinskaya-en", "source/wikipedia-sefika-gasprinskaya-tr" ] }, { "to": "person/serafeddin-magmumi", "type": "birthplace_of", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-serafeddin-magmumi-en", "source/wikipedia-serafeddin-magmumi-tr", "source/wikidata-serafeddin-magmumi" ] }, { "to": "person/suleyman-husnu-pasha", "type": "birthplace_of", "inverse": true, "note": "He was born at Istanbul in 1838, in the Molla Gürani quarter (Turkish article).", "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-suleyman-husnu-pasha-en", "source/wikipedia-suleyman-husnu-pasha-tr" ] }, { "to": "person/talat-pasha", "type": "burial_place_of", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-talat-pasha-en" ] }, { "to": "person/tawakkol-karman", "type": "home_of", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-tawakkol-karman-en" ] }, { "to": "person/tevfik-fikret", "type": "birthplace_of", "inverse": true, "note": "He was born at Istanbul on 24 December 1867 (English and Turkish articles; Wikidata birthplace Istanbul, Q406).", "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-tevfik-fikret-en", "source/wikipedia-tevfik-fikret-tr", "source/wikidata-tevfik-fikret" ] }, { "to": "person/tevfik-fikret", "type": "death_place_of", "inverse": true, "note": "He died at Istanbul on 19 August 1915 (English and Turkish articles; Wikidata place of death Istanbul, Q406).", "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-tevfik-fikret-en", "source/wikipedia-tevfik-fikret-tr", "source/wikidata-tevfik-fikret" ] }, { "to": "person/yahya-kemal-beyatli", "type": "death_place_of", "inverse": true, "note": "He died at Istanbul on 1 November 1958 (English, Turkish and Arabic articles; Wikidata place of death Istanbul, Q406).", "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-yahya-kemal-beyatli-en", "source/wikidata-yahya-kemal-beyatli" ] }, { "to": "person/yusuf-akcura", "type": "death_place_of", "inverse": true, "note": "He died at Istanbul on 11 March 1935.", "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-yusuf-akcura-en" ] }, { "to": "person/yusuf-izzeddin", "type": "birthplace_of", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-yusuf-izzeddin-en", "source/wikipedia-yusuf-izzeddin-tr" ] }, { "to": "person/yusuf-izzeddin", "type": "death_place_of", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-yusuf-izzeddin-en", "source/wikidata-yusuf-izzeddin" ] }, { "to": "person/zeki-validi-togan", "type": "death_place_of", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-zeki-validi-togan-en", "source/wikipedia-zeki-validi-togan-ru", "source/wikipedia-zeki-validi-togan-tr" ] }, { "to": "person/zeki-validi-togan", "type": "burial_place_of", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/wikipedia-zeki-validi-togan-ru", "source/wikipedia-zeki-validi-togan-tr" ] }, { "to": "person/ziya-gokalp", "type": "death_place_of", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/tdv-ziya-gokalp", "source/wikipedia-ziya-gokalp-en", "source/wikipedia-ziya-gokalp-tr" ] }, { "to": "person/ziya-gokalp", "type": "burial_place_of", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/tdv-ziya-gokalp", "source/wikipedia-ziya-gokalp-tr", "source/wikidata-ziya-gokalp" ] }, { "to": "event/abolition-caliphate-1342", "type": "site_of", "inverse": true }, { "to": "event/deposition-abd-al-hamid-1327", "type": "site_of", "inverse": true }, { "to": "event/dustur-1293", "type": "site_of", "inverse": true }, { "to": "event/earthquake-istanbul-bayezid", "type": "site_of", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/dawlat-uthmaniyya-salabi" ] }, { "to": "event/herzl-audience-1901", "type": "site_of", "inverse": true }, { "to": "event/khatt-gulhane-1255", "type": "site_of", "inverse": true }, { "to": "event/khatt-humayun-1272", "type": "site_of", "inverse": true }, { "to": "event/siege-of-lepanto-1499", "type": "site_of", "inverse": true, "sources": [] }, { "to": "building/arap-cami-istanbul", "type": "contains", "inverse": true }, { "to": "building/atik-ali-pasha-mosque", "type": "contains", "inverse": true }, { "to": "building/eski-imaret-mosque", "type": "contains", "inverse": true }, { "to": "building/eyup-sultan-mosque", "type": "contains", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/wikidata" ], "note": "أقرب مكان في المتحف إلى إحداثيات ويكيداتا (دون 10 كم)." }, { "to": "building/fenari-isa-mosque", "type": "contains", "inverse": true }, { "to": "building/gul-mosque-istanbul", "type": "contains", "inverse": true }, { "to": "building/hagia-sophia", "type": "contains", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/wikidata" ], "note": "أقرب مكان في المتحف إلى إحداثيات ويكيداتا (دون 10 كم)." }, { "to": "building/hirami-ahmed-pasha-mosque", "type": "contains", "inverse": true }, { "to": "building/kalenderhane-mosque", "type": "contains", "inverse": true }, { "to": "building/kilic-ali-pasha-mosque", "type": "contains", "inverse": true }, { "to": "building/koca-mustafa-pasha-mosque", "type": "contains", "inverse": true }, { "to": "building/mihrimah-sultan-mosque-uskudar", "type": "contains", "inverse": true }, { "to": "building/new-mosque-istanbul", "type": "contains", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/wikidata" ], "note": "أقرب مكان في المتحف إلى إحداثيات ويكيداتا (دون 10 كم)." }, { "to": "building/rumeli-hisari", "type": "contains", "inverse": true, "sources": [ "source/dawlat-uthmaniyya-salabi" ] }, { "to": "building/sinan-pasha-mosque-besiktas", "type": "contains", "inverse": true }, { "to": "building/yavuz-selim-mosque", "type": "contains", "inverse": true }, { "to": "building/zal-mahmud-pasha-mosque", "type": "contains", "inverse": true }, { "to": "screen/al-uthmaniyyun-umarau-urubba-2013", "type": "setting_of", "inverse": true }, { "to": "screen/payitaht-abdulhamid-2017", "type": "setting_of", "inverse": true }, { "to": "screen/su-ud-al-imbaraturiyat-uthman-2020", "type": "setting_of", "inverse": true } ], "related": [ "person/rashid-pasha-mustafa", "person/abd-al-hamid-ii-uthmani", "place/baghdad", "place/cairo", "person/abdyl-frasheri", "person/naim-frasheri", "person/sami-frasheri", "event/conquest-constantinople-857" ], "license": { "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0", "data": "CC0 1.0" } }