{
 "id": "source/columbia-media-ownership-egypt",
 "class": "source",
 "slug": "columbia-media-ownership-egypt",
 "label": {
  "en": "Media Ownership and Concentration in Egypt (Columbia/CITI study)"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "دراسة أكاديمية عن ملكية وسائل الإعلام وتركزها في مصر، من معهد كولومبيا لمعلومات الاتصالات؛ تذكر أن محمد حسان أطلق قناة الرحمة سنة 2007.",
  "en": "A scholarly study of media ownership and concentration in Egypt, from the Columbia Institute for Tele-Information; it states that Mohamed Hassan launched Al Rahma TV in 2007."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [],
 "regions": [],
 "periods": [],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [],
 "data": {
  "kind": "secondary",
  "type": "web",
  "title": "Media Ownership and Concentration in Egypt",
  "author": [
   {
    "family": "Columbia Institute for Tele-Information",
    "given": ""
   }
  ],
  "publisher": "Columbia Business School (CITI)",
  "URL": "https://business.columbia.edu/sites/default/files-efs/imce-uploads/CITI/Articles/197974323.pdf",
  "language": "en",
  "reliability_note": "Cited for one statement (p. 208): 'In 2007, Mohamed Hassan, an influential Salafi preacher in Egypt, launched Al Rahma TV' — and for the study's academic description of him as a Salafi preacher. Checked 25 October 2026.",
  "open_access": true,
  "status": {
   "review": "published",
   "generated_by": "Muse (Muse Spark 1.3)"
  }
 },
 "prose": {},
 "degree": 0,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "updated": "2026-10-25",
 "connections": [],
 "related": [],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}