{
 "id": "source/karaji-ataie-simmons-2020",
 "class": "source",
 "slug": "karaji-ataie-simmons-2020",
 "label": {
  "ar": "الكرجي وكتاب إنباط المياه — عطائي آشتياني وسيمونز",
  "en": "Karaji and The Extraction of Hidden Waters — Ataie-Ashtiani and Simmons",
  "ur": "کرجی اور انباط المیاہ — عطائی آشتیانی اور سمنز"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "دراسة محكمة لهوية الكرجي ودليله المائي وأدوات التسوية، مع فصل التفسير الحديث عن النص القديم.",
  "en": "Peer-reviewed study of Karaji's identity, water manual and surveying, distinguishing modern interpretation from historical text.",
  "ur": "کرجی کی شناخت، آبی رہنما اور مساحت کا محکم مطالعہ؛ جدید تعبیر کو قدیم متن سے الگ رکھتے ہوئے۔"
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [],
 "regions": [],
 "periods": [],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [],
 "data": {
  "kind": "secondary",
  "type": "article",
  "title": "The millennium-old hydrogeology textbook The Extraction of Hidden Waters by the Persian mathematician and engineer Abubakr Mohammad Karaji (953 CE–1029 CE)",
  "author": [
   {
    "family": "Ataie-Ashtiani",
    "given": "Behzad"
   },
   {
    "family": "Simmons",
    "given": "Craig T."
   }
  ],
  "publisher": "Hydrology and Earth System Sciences24,761–769; Copernicus Publications",
  "issued": {
   "date-parts": [
    [
     2020,
     2,
     19
    ]
   ]
  },
  "DOI": "10.5194/hess-24-761-2020",
  "language": "en",
  "URL": "https://hess.copernicus.org/articles/24/761/2020/hess-24-761-2020.html",
  "open_access": true,
  "reliability_note": "Initial inventions-p3-b25 reading: Actual HTML opening/biography and PDF first pages read; authors, date, DOI, CC BY4.0 and explicit named Muslim classification verified on printed p762, section2. Exact953–1029 life dates are not adopted. Its claim of contemporaneity with al-Razi conflicts with its own supplied lifespans; do not repeat it. Translation-movement benefit and first-manual priority are speculative, not museum facts. General Abbasid context does not erase TDV's specific Buyid patronage or establish personal Sunni affiliation. No complete reading of the water treatise, its translations or this article's later hydrological sections is claimed. Extension inventions-p3-b41: actual full article761–769 including all sections/figures/references now read. Section3 older qanat versus author's refinements;4 survey/maintenance/handover, figs3–9 selected later-manuscript drawings. English quoted primary is through1966 Persian, not an original Arabic reading or proof that edition was consulted. Modern hydraulic-head/conductivity and first-manual/European-comparison readings are attributed interpretations, not priority verdicts or Darcy/germ theory. Water-treatment/salinity claims not practical advice. Captions1675 conflict with current Penn copy20 February1674, even bibliography internally prints1674 with1675; preserve mismatch. Separate direct Arabic reading limited to Penn26r,29r,42r,45v. No original source/research files in git.",
  "status": {
   "review": "published",
   "completeness": 2,
   "generated_by": "Copilot SDK in VS Code"
  },
  "provenance": {
   "generated_by": "Copilot SDK in VS Code",
   "model": "unknown",
   "run": "inventions-p3-b25",
   "source": "Actual journal article and locally extracted PDF title/identity pages; identity basis is printed p762, not a search summary",
   "extensions": [
    {
     "generated_by": "Copilot SDK in VS Code",
     "model": "unknown",
     "run": "inventions-p3-b41",
     "source": "Actual complete761–769 read, including hydrological/surveying sections, figure captions and references; original b25 identity reading and its limitations retained with temporal distinction"
    }
   ]
  }
 },
 "prose": {},
 "degree": 0,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "updated": "2026-11-06",
 "connections": [],
 "related": [],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}