{
 "id": "source/rashed-interpolation-1991",
 "class": "source",
 "slug": "rashed-interpolation-1991",
 "label": {
  "ar": "رشدي راشد: السموأل والبيروني وبراهماغوبتا، ملخص1991",
  "en": "Roshdi Rashed: al-Samaw'al, al-Biruni and Brahmagupta,1991 abstract",
  "ur": "رشدی راشد: سموأل، بیرونی اور برہماگپت،1991 کا خلاصہ"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "الملخص المقروء يذكر أربع طرق عرفها البيروني، اثنتان هنديتان، ونص السموأل الذي يقارن النتائج؛ لم يقرأ المقال كاملاً.",
  "en": "The abstract actually read reports four methods available to al-Biruni, two Indian, and al-Samaw'al's comparison of results; full article not read.",
  "ur": "پڑھا خلاصہ بیرونی کے چار طریقے، ان میں دو ہندوستانی، اور سموأل کا تقابلی جائزہ بتاتا ہے؛ پورا مضمون نہیں پڑھا۔"
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [],
 "regions": [],
 "periods": [],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [],
 "data": {
  "kind": "secondary",
  "type": "article-journal",
  "title": "Al-Samaw'al, al-bīrūnī et Brahmagupta: les méthodes D'interpolation",
  "author": [
   {
    "family": "Rashed",
    "given": "Roshdi"
   }
  ],
  "publisher": "Arabic Sciences and Philosophy1(1),101–160; Cambridge University Press",
  "issued": {
   "date-parts": [
    [
     1991,
     3
    ]
   ]
  },
  "DOI": "10.1017/S0957423900001430",
  "URL": "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/arabic-sciences-and-philosophy/article/abs/alsamawal-albiruni-et-brahmagupta-les-methodes-dinterpolation/CF0179B5238193AD29BD58FB5BDA32D6",
  "language": "fr",
  "reliability_note": "Actual English/French publisher abstract and citation metadata only, not access to the full article, edited manuscript or all mathematical comparisons. Attribute four-method/Indian-origin and al-Samaw'al evaluation statements to this abstract; do not cite an unread page for a formula.",
  "status": {
   "review": "published",
   "completeness": 2
  },
  "provenance": {
   "generated_by": "Copilot SDK in VS Code",
   "model": "unknown",
   "run": "inventions-p3-b48",
   "source": "Actual Cambridge abstract plus author/date/volume/pages/DOI metadata, no full-article reading claim"
  }
 },
 "prose": {},
 "degree": 0,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "updated": "2026-11-06",
 "connections": [],
 "related": [],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}