{
 "id": "source/trimingham-sufi-orders-1998",
 "class": "source",
 "slug": "trimingham-sufi-orders-1998",
 "label": {
  "ar": "ج. سبنسر تريمنغهام، الطرق الصوفية في الإسلام (أكسفورد 1998)",
  "en": "J. Spencer Trimingham, The Sufi Orders in Islam (Oxford 1998)"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "الدراسة الأكاديمية الكلاسيكية لتكوّن الطرق الصوفية وتشعب خطوطها؛ يعالج النقشبندية وسلاسلها الوسط-آسيوية والعثمانية والهندية.",
  "en": "The classic academic study of the formation and ramification of the Sufi orders; treats the Naqshbandiyya and its Central Asian, Ottoman and Indian lines."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [],
 "regions": [],
 "periods": [],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [],
 "data": {
  "kind": "secondary",
  "type": "book",
  "title": "The Sufi Orders in Islam",
  "author": [
   {
    "family": "Trimingham",
    "given": "J. Spencer"
   }
  ],
  "issued": {
   "date-parts": [
    [
     1998
    ]
   ]
  },
  "publisher": "Oxford University Press (reissue of the 1971 original)",
  "ISBN": "9780198028239",
  "language": "en",
  "reliability_note": "Classic academic reference; cited for the order's structure and diffusion, especially the 'Chief Tariqa Lines' chapter (p. 31).",
  "open_access": false,
  "status": {
   "review": "draft",
   "completeness": 1,
   "generated_by": "Devin (SWE-2 Medium), wd-deferred lane; bibliographic details verified via enwiki Naqshbandi reference list"
  }
 },
 "prose": {
  "ar": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "نظرة عامة",
     "markdown": "الدراسة الأكاديمية الكلاسيكية لتكوّن الطرق الصوفية وتشعب خطوطها؛ يعالج النقشبندية وسلاسلها الوسط-آسيوية والعثمانية والهندية."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "source/trimingham-sufi-orders-1998",
    "lang": "ar"
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-22"
  },
  "en": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "Overview",
     "markdown": "The classic academic study of the Sufi orders' formation and the branching of their lines; it treats the Naqshbandiyya and its Central Asian, Ottoman and Indian chains."
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "source/trimingham-sufi-orders-1998",
    "lang": "en",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "ai"
    ]
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-22"
  },
  "ur": {
   "sections": [
    {
     "heading": "جائزہ",
     "markdown": "صوفی سلسلوں کے تشکّل اور ان کے خطوط کے تفریع کا کلاسیکی علمی مطالعہ؛ نقشبندیہ اور اس کی وسط ایشیائی، عثمانی اور ہندوستانی شاخوں کا احاطہ کرتا ہے۔"
    }
   ],
   "frontmatter": {
    "id": "source/trimingham-sufi-orders-1998",
    "lang": "ur",
    "source_lang": "ar",
    "translators": [
     "ai"
    ]
   },
   "updated": "2026-10-22"
  }
 },
 "degree": 0,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "updated": "2026-10-22",
 "connections": [],
 "related": [],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}