{
 "id": "source/wikipedia-hussein-bin-ali-en",
 "class": "source",
 "slug": "wikipedia-hussein-bin-ali-en",
 "label": {
  "en": "Hussein bin Ali — English Wikipedia (Hussein, King of Hejaz)"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "مقالة ويكيبيديا الإنجليزية عن الحسين بن علي الهاشمي (وُلد في إسطنبول 1853 أو 1854 – توفي في عمان 4 يونيو 1931)، شريف مكة وأميرها من 1908، وقائد الثورة العربية الكبرى سنة 1916، وملك الحجاز حتى تنازله سنة 1924، والمُعلَن خليفة في مارس 1924؛ تروي نشأته وتعليمه على أحمد زيني دحلان، وحملته على عسير، ومراسلاته مع مكماهون، ورفضه معاهدة فرساي وإعلانه حماية الأرمن، وهزيمته أمام ابن سعود ونفيه إلى قبرص وعودته إلى عمان ووفاته ودفنه في الحرم الشريف بالقدس.",
  "en": "English Wikipedia article on Hussein bin Ali al-Hashimi (born at Istanbul in 1853 or 1854 – died at Amman on 4 June 1931), Sharif and Emir of Mecca from 1908, leader of the Great Arab Revolt of 1916, King of the Hejaz until his abdication in 1924, and proclaimed Caliph in March 1924; it recounts his upbringing and education under Ahmad Zayni Dahlan, his Asir campaign, the McMahon correspondence, his refusal of the Treaty of Versailles and his protection of the Armenians, his defeat by Ibn Saud, exile to Cyprus, return to Amman, death and burial at the Haram al-Sharif in Jerusalem."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [],
 "regions": [],
 "periods": [],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [],
 "data": {
  "kind": "reference_data",
  "type": "web",
  "title": "Hussein, King of Hejaz",
  "author": [
   {
    "family": "Wikipedia contributors",
    "given": ""
   }
  ],
  "publisher": "Wikipedia (English)",
  "URL": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hussein%2C_King_of_Hejaz",
  "language": "en",
  "reliability_note": "Pointer for entity facts only (Wikipedia broad rule, AGENTS.md). Read in full at revision 1381678439 on 25 October 2026. The article is internally inconsistent on two dates, and the record states both readings rather than merging them: its lead parenthesis prints '1 May 1853 – 4 July 1931', while its body says he was born at Istanbul 'in 1853 or 1854' and twice that he died on 4 June 1931. On faith it says only that he 'had a Shafi'i and Hanafi education, but also allied with the Malikis and opposed the Wahhabis, at a time when adherence to a madhhab was more fluid' — an education in two schools, not an attestation of one school as his own. Its account of his Armenian protection decrees of 1917–18 and of his caliphate's mixed reception is carried in the prose with its attribution.",
  "open_access": true,
  "status": {
   "review": "published",
   "generated_by": "Muse (Muse Spark 1.3)"
  }
 },
 "prose": {},
 "degree": 0,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "updated": "2026-10-25",
 "connections": [],
 "related": [],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}