{
 "id": "source/wikipedia-ma-al-aynayn-en",
 "class": "source",
 "slug": "wikipedia-ma-al-aynayn-en",
 "label": {
  "en": "Ma al-'Aynayn — English Wikipedia"
 },
 "summary": {
  "ar": "مقالة ويكيبيديا الإنجليزية عن الشيخ ماء العينين (ت. 1910)؛ تُستخدم لوقائع الكيان فقط. تذكر أن أباه محمد فاضل أسس الفاضلية، وهي طريقة صوفية قادرية أخوية، وأنه منح ابنه العمامة ولقب الشيخ بعد حجه، وقاومته للاستعمار الفرنسي والإسباني ووفاته في تزنيت.",
  "en": "English Wikipedia article on Shaykh Ma al-'Aynayn (d. 1910); used for entity facts only. It records that his father Muhammad Fadil founded the Fadiliyya, a Qadiriyya Sufi brotherhood, and gave his son a turban and the title of Shaykh after his Hajj, and covers his resistance to French and Spanish colonisation and his death at Tiznit."
 },
 "stub": false,
 "wings": [],
 "regions": [],
 "periods": [],
 "tags": [],
 "aliases": [],
 "themes": [],
 "data": {
  "kind": "reference_data",
  "type": "web",
  "title": "Ma al-'Aynayn",
  "author": [
   {
    "family": "Wikipedia contributors",
    "given": ""
   }
  ],
  "issued": {
   "date-parts": [
    [
     2026,
     10,
     12
    ]
   ]
  },
  "publisher": "Wikipedia (English), revision 1379833006 of 2026-10-12",
  "URL": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma_al-%27Aynayn",
  "language": "English",
  "reliability_note": "Pointer for entity facts only (Wikipedia broad rule, AGENTS.md): a fact is used only where the article cites a source for it. Read in full on 25 October 2026. It gives: born Muhammad al-Mustafa — 'c. 10 February 1830' in the lead, in the Hawdh region of present-day Mauritania (the Arabic article states that 'Muhammad al-Mustafa' is a common error and that his name was Sidi al-Mustafa, after his father's own shaykh Sidi al-Mustafa ibn Uthman — the record carries the Arabic article's correction and the common form as a variant); twelfth of 48 brothers, son of Muhammad Fadil, 'founder of the Fadiliyya, a Qadiriyya Sufi brotherhood'; singled out to study in Fes, teacher from 16; Hajj in 1858, meeting the heir Muhammad ibn Abd al-Rahman at Marrakesh and Sultan Abd al-Rahman at Meknes; on his return in 1861 'his father gave him a turban and the title of Shaykh' — the investiture on which, with the Arabic and French articles, the record's sufi segment rests: his own sheikhdom at the head of the Fadili branch, not descent alone; moved about 1870 to the Saqiyat al-Hamra, founded the zawiya Dar al-Hamra' (1871–72); from 1873 regular visits to Marrakesh and Fes; appointed by dahir of Sultan Moulay Hassan I (1879) his representative from the Souss to the Saqiyat al-Hamra and Tarfaya; began the ribat at Smara in 1898 and moved there in 1902; proclaimed jihad against the colonisers in 1904; a member of 'his Gudfiyya brotherhood' (the article's variant spelling of the Fadili line) 'may have' assassinated Xavier Coppolani in 1905 — carried hedged and attributed; backed Abd al-Hafid against Abd al-Aziz (1907); retreated to Tiznit (1908–09); marched north in June 1910 with some 6,000 men and was defeated by General Moinier on 23 June 1910; died at Tiznit on 23 October 1910, his tomb a pilgrimage site; his son El-Hiba, 'known as The Blue Sultan', continued the resistance (the Spanish article's attribution of a Blue Sultan proclamation to the father himself is recorded against this as a conflict); 140 books counted by his biographer Murabbih Rabbuh, 314 by Julio Caro Baroja; his descendants numbered 363 in a 1974 count.",
  "open_access": true,
  "status": {
   "review": "published",
   "generated_by": "Muse (Muse Spark 1.3)"
  }
 },
 "prose": {},
 "degree": 0,
 "contemporaries": [],
 "updated": "2026-10-25",
 "connections": [],
 "related": [],
 "license": {
  "prose": "CC BY-SA 4.0",
  "data": "CC0 1.0"
 }
}